1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
46 #include <sys/prctl.h>
47 #include <sys/utsname.h>
49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
71 #include "path-util.h"
72 #include "exit-status.h"
76 #include "device-nodes.h"
81 char **saved_argv = NULL;
83 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
84 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
86 size_t page_size(void) {
87 static __thread size_t pgsz = 0;
90 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
93 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
100 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
102 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
113 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
120 pl = strlen(postfix);
123 return (char*) s + sl;
128 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
131 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
134 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
149 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
153 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
156 int close_nointr(int fd) {
162 /* Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong
163 * thing to do on Linux.
165 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
166 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
167 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
168 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
170 if (_unlikely_(r < 0 && errno == EINTR))
178 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
181 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
184 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
187 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
190 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
192 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
193 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
196 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
207 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
210 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
212 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
218 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
219 unsigned long ul = 0;
226 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
232 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
242 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
243 unsigned long ul = 0;
250 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
256 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
263 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
271 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
273 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
274 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
276 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
279 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
283 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
291 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
293 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
294 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
296 if ((long) (int) l != l)
303 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
305 unsigned long long l;
311 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
313 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
314 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
320 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
328 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
330 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
331 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
337 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
344 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
349 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
350 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
356 /* Split a string into words. */
357 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
360 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
362 if (!*current || *c == 0)
365 current += strspn(current, separator);
366 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
369 return (char*) current;
372 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
373 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
374 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
376 bool escaped = false;
378 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
380 if (!*current || *c == 0)
383 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
385 if (*current == '\'') {
388 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
398 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
399 } else if (*current == '\"') {
402 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
412 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
414 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
419 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
426 return (char*) current;
429 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
431 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
444 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
449 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
450 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
454 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
455 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
456 * skip over it manually */
458 p = strrchr(line, ')');
470 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
473 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
478 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
479 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
487 p = "/proc/self/stat";
489 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
495 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
502 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
503 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
504 * skip over it manually */
506 p = strrchr(line, ')');
528 "%*d " /* priority */
530 "%*d " /* num_threads */
531 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
532 "%llu " /* starttime */,
539 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
544 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
550 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
553 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
557 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
564 p = "/proc/self/comm";
566 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
568 return read_one_line_file(p, name);
571 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
572 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
581 p = "/proc/self/cmdline";
583 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
589 if (max_length == 0) {
590 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
592 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
594 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
599 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
609 r = new(char, max_length);
615 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
637 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
644 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
645 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
654 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
658 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
669 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
681 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
686 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
690 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
693 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
698 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
705 p = "/proc/self/status";
707 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
709 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
712 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
721 p = "/proc/self/exe";
723 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
725 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
729 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
736 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
737 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
747 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
752 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
757 if (startswith(l, field)) {
759 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
761 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
763 return parse_uid(l, uid);
770 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
771 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
774 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
775 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
776 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
779 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
787 return strndup(suffix, b);
796 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
799 r = new(char, a+b+1);
804 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
810 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
811 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
814 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
824 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
827 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
833 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
844 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
845 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
852 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
856 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
864 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
871 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
875 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
882 path_kill_slashes(*r);
887 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
890 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
891 struct sigaction sa = {
892 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
893 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
896 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
899 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
900 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
901 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
909 char *strstrip(char *s) {
912 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
913 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
915 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
917 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
918 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
926 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
929 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
931 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
943 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
950 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
956 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
963 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
964 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
967 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
968 return strdup(filename);
970 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
971 return strdup(filename);
973 k = strlen(filename);
974 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
977 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
978 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
983 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
992 /* Skip trailing slashes */
993 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
999 /* Skip last component */
1000 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1003 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1004 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1010 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1013 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1022 if (errno != ENOENT)
1029 char hexchar(int x) {
1030 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1032 return table[x & 15];
1035 int unhexchar(char c) {
1037 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1040 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1041 return c - 'a' + 10;
1043 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1044 return c - 'A' + 10;
1049 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1053 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1057 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1058 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1059 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1066 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1072 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1076 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1079 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1081 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1085 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1092 char octchar(int x) {
1093 return '0' + (x & 7);
1096 int unoctchar(char c) {
1098 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1104 char decchar(int x) {
1105 return '0' + (x % 10);
1108 int undecchar(char c) {
1110 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1116 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1122 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1124 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1128 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1174 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1175 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1176 * g_strescape() does the same */
1177 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1179 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1180 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1181 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1192 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1199 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1201 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1203 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1208 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1210 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1253 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1258 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1261 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1262 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1264 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1265 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1269 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1284 /* octal encoding */
1287 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1288 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1289 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1291 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1292 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1296 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1304 /* premature end of string.*/
1309 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1321 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1322 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1325 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1328 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1331 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1335 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1336 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1339 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1343 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1345 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1346 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1349 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1350 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1360 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) {
1366 /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1367 * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape(). We special
1368 * case the empty string. */
1373 r = new(char, strlen(s)*3 + 1);
1377 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1379 /* Escape everything that is not a-zA-Z0-9. We also
1380 * escape 0-9 if it's the first character */
1382 if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') &&
1383 !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') &&
1384 !(f > s && *f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
1386 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1387 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1397 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f) {
1402 /* Special case for the empty string */
1406 r = new(char, strlen(f) + 1);
1410 for (t = r; *f; f++) {
1415 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1416 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1417 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1420 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1432 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1437 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1438 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1439 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1444 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1448 filename[0] == '.' ||
1449 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1450 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1451 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1452 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1453 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1454 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1455 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1456 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1457 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1460 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1463 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1466 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1469 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1474 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1478 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1480 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1482 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1488 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1493 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1497 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1499 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1501 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1507 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1510 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1512 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1519 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1524 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1526 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1531 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1532 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1535 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1536 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1538 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1541 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1542 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1549 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1552 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1555 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1556 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1565 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1568 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1569 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1570 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1579 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1582 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1583 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1590 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1591 static const char table[] =
1601 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1605 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1607 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1613 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1617 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1620 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1623 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1629 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1630 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1632 char line[LINE_MAX];
1637 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1638 new_termios = old_termios;
1640 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1641 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1642 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1644 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1647 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
1648 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1649 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1654 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1656 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1662 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1669 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
1670 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1673 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1678 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1688 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1698 bool need_nl = true;
1701 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1708 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1712 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
1715 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1716 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1727 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1732 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1736 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1737 struct termios termios;
1740 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1744 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1745 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1746 * interfere with that. */
1748 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1749 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1751 /* Switch to text mode */
1753 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1755 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1756 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1758 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1763 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1764 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1765 * else will do that for us */
1767 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1768 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1769 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1770 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1771 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1773 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1774 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1775 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1776 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1777 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1778 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1779 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1780 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1781 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1782 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1783 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1784 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1785 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1787 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1788 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1790 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1794 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1795 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1800 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1803 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1807 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1808 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1813 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1818 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1819 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1820 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1821 * retrying a couple of times.
1823 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1826 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1829 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1836 /* Max 1s in total */
1840 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1849 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1854 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1861 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1862 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1872 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1882 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1888 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1897 int acquire_terminal(
1901 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1904 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1909 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1910 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1911 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1913 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1914 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1915 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1916 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1917 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1918 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1919 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1920 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1922 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
1923 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1925 if (!fail && !force) {
1926 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1932 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1940 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1941 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1942 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1946 r = flush_fd(notify);
1951 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1952 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1953 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1954 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1958 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1959 * if we already own the tty. */
1960 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1962 /* First, try to get the tty */
1963 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
1966 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1968 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
1969 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
1970 * are have this controlling terminal. */
1971 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
1974 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
1983 assert(notify >= 0);
1986 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
1988 struct inotify_event *e;
1990 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) {
1993 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1994 if (ts + timeout < n) {
1999 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2009 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2012 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2019 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2024 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2029 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2030 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2032 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2039 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2040 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2041 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2042 * an endless loop. */
2043 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2047 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2049 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2051 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2057 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2060 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2065 int release_terminal(void) {
2067 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2068 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2069 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2071 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2073 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2077 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2078 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2079 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2081 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2084 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2089 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2094 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2095 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2102 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2103 struct sigaction sa = {
2104 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2105 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2111 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2115 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2116 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2123 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2124 struct sigaction sa = {
2125 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2126 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2131 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2135 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2136 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2143 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2149 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2154 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2158 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2161 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2170 while (nbytes > 0) {
2173 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2175 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2178 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2179 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2184 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2188 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2191 /* We knowingly ignore the revents value here,
2192 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2193 * via read()/write()
2199 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2210 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2219 while (nbytes > 0) {
2222 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2225 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2228 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2229 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2234 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2238 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2241 /* We knowingly ignore the revents value here,
2242 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2243 * via read()/write()
2249 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2260 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
2261 static const struct {
2263 unsigned long long factor;
2267 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2268 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2269 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2270 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2271 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2276 unsigned long long r = 0;
2288 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2299 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2301 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2302 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2303 unsigned long long tmp;
2304 if ((unsigned long long) l > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2306 tmp = l * table[i].factor;
2307 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2311 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2314 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2318 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2328 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2333 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2334 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2335 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2338 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2340 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2343 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2348 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2351 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2355 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2358 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2360 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2361 * sysfs or in /dev */
2364 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2365 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2368 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2369 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2378 union dirent_storage buf;
2380 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2387 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2392 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2393 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2410 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
2411 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2415 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2419 r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
2420 if (r != sizeof(ull))
2426 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2429 unsigned random_u(void) {
2430 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2434 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2438 r = loop_read(fd, &u, sizeof(u), true);
2445 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2448 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2451 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2452 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2453 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2454 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2455 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2456 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2459 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2461 if (program_invocation_name)
2462 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2464 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2468 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2470 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2474 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2479 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2486 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2487 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2491 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2494 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2496 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2497 return strdup(u.nodename);
2499 return strdup(u.sysname);
2502 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2505 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2507 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2510 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2513 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2514 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2516 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2518 return strdup("root");
2520 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2524 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2528 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2529 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2531 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
2537 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2541 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2546 return lookup_uid(uid);
2549 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2556 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2559 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2560 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2565 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2571 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2579 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2583 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2587 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2589 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2596 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2597 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
2598 char line[LINE_MAX], *p;
2599 unsigned long ttynr;
2607 fn = "/proc/self/stat";
2609 fn = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2611 f = fopen(fn, "re");
2615 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
2616 k = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
2620 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2630 "%*d " /* session */
2635 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2642 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2644 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *s, *b, *p;
2649 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2653 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2655 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2661 /* This is an ugly hack */
2662 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2663 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
2673 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2674 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2675 * vaguely useful. */
2688 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2690 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2708 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2714 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2715 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2719 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2721 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2726 union dirent_storage buf;
2727 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2731 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2732 if (r != 0 && ret == 0) {
2740 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2743 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2745 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2746 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2747 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2752 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2755 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2756 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2758 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2759 keep_around = false;
2765 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2766 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2769 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2770 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2771 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2772 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2777 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2778 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2782 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2783 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2787 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2789 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2790 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2801 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2804 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2805 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2808 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2813 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2814 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2818 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2819 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2821 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2822 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2823 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2827 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2830 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2836 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2837 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2838 * seriously broken system. */
2839 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2840 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2844 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2847 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2851 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2854 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2855 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2860 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2861 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2868 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2869 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2873 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2874 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2875 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2880 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2883 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2886 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2895 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2896 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2899 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2900 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2903 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2906 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2907 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2908 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2910 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2911 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2914 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2915 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2921 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2924 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2925 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2926 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2928 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
2931 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
2937 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
2941 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
2944 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
2947 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
2948 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
2958 if (errno != EINVAL)
2965 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
2966 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
2967 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2968 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2969 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
2971 static bool prev_ephemeral;
2975 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
2976 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
2978 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
2981 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2994 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3000 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
3008 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3009 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3012 if (!isempty(status)) {
3013 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3014 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3015 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3017 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3020 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3022 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3024 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3030 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3036 va_start(ap, format);
3037 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3043 int status_welcome(void) {
3045 _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
3047 r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
3048 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
3049 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
3051 if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
3052 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3054 return status_printf(NULL, false, false,
3055 "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
3056 isempty(ansi_color) ? "1" : ansi_color,
3057 isempty(pretty_name) ? "Linux" : pretty_name);
3060 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3067 const char *e, *word = format;
3072 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3083 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3092 } else if (*e == '$') {
3093 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3109 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3111 k = strappend(r, t);
3125 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3136 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3138 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3140 l = strv_length(argv);
3142 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3145 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3147 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3148 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3153 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3156 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3167 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3176 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3184 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3185 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3195 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3196 struct winsize ws = {};
3198 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3207 unsigned columns(void) {
3211 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3212 return cached_columns;
3215 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3220 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3229 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3230 struct winsize ws = {};
3232 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3241 unsigned lines(void) {
3245 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3246 return cached_lines;
3249 e = getenv("LINES");
3254 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3260 return cached_lines;
3263 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3264 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3270 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3272 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3273 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3275 return cached_on_tty;
3278 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3279 struct stat a = {}, b = {};
3281 /* Only works as root */
3282 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3285 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3289 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3290 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3293 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3298 assert(percent <= 100);
3299 assert(new_length >= 3);
3301 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3302 return strndup(s, old_length);
3304 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3308 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3310 if (x > new_length - 3)
3318 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3319 new_length - x - 3);
3324 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3328 unsigned k, len, len2;
3331 assert(percent <= 100);
3332 assert(new_length >= 3);
3334 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3335 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3336 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3338 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3339 return strndup(s, old_length);
3341 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3343 if (x > new_length - 3)
3347 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3350 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3353 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3356 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3359 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3362 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3363 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3366 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3370 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3372 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3374 /* make space for ellipsis */
3375 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3378 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3379 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3384 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3385 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3389 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3393 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3398 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3399 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3402 int touch(const char *path) {
3407 /* This just opens the file for writing, ensuring it
3408 * exists. It doesn't call utimensat() the way /usr/bin/touch
3411 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
3415 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3419 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3423 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3424 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3425 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3432 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3433 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3438 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3439 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3442 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3454 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3458 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3466 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3470 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3476 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3487 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3499 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3506 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3508 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3512 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3513 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3514 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3515 return status.si_status;
3518 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3521 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3522 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3524 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3528 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3532 _noreturn_ void freeze(void) {
3534 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3535 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3543 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3546 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3549 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3555 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3560 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3563 return null_or_empty(&st);
3566 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3570 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3572 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3578 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
3585 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3589 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3591 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3592 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3597 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3598 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3602 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3606 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3607 t = new(char, enc_len);
3611 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3614 if (asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-%s/%s", by, t) < 0)
3620 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3623 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3624 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3626 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3627 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3629 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3630 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3632 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3633 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3638 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3641 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3644 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3647 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3650 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3653 return streq(tty, "console");
3656 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3661 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3664 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3667 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3670 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3674 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3680 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3683 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3684 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3686 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3689 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3692 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3693 * /dev/console points to */
3694 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3703 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3704 char *active = NULL;
3709 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3712 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3713 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3724 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3727 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3730 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3733 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3736 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3737 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3738 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3744 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3747 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3748 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3749 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3752 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3755 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3758 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
3761 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3765 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and
3766 * waits for them to finish. */
3769 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
3771 if (errno == ENOENT)
3774 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3781 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
3782 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
3786 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
3791 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3794 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
3799 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
3800 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3818 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3819 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3822 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
3824 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
3825 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
3830 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3831 pid_t pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3835 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
3840 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
3844 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
3845 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status, NULL)) {
3846 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
3847 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
3849 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
3851 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
3862 hashmap_free_free(pids);
3865 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3868 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
3876 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
3882 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
3883 if (streq(i, needle))
3889 bool plymouth_running(void) {
3890 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
3893 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
3902 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
3904 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
3905 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
3906 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
3912 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
3919 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3926 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
3936 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
3942 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
3946 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3953 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
3954 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
3965 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
3970 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
3972 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3974 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
3977 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
3984 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
3987 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
3989 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3994 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? -1 : (int) (t / USEC_PER_MSEC));
4001 return pollfd.revents;
4004 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4015 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
4019 fn = path_get_file_name(path);
4023 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
4025 fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4031 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4044 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4047 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4053 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4056 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4060 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4061 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4066 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4070 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4071 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4072 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4074 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4077 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4078 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4079 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4081 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4086 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4087 "\033[H" /* move home */
4088 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4090 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4095 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4098 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4105 /* Try to deallocate */
4106 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4110 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4111 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4119 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4121 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4126 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4127 "\033[H" /* move home */
4128 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4130 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4135 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to, int flags) {
4136 _cleanup_close_ int fdf = -1;
4142 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
4146 fdt = open(to, flags|O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
4154 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
4168 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
4170 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
4179 r = close_nointr(fdt);
4189 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4191 _cleanup_free_ char *t;
4194 unsigned long long ull;
4201 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
4205 fn = path_get_file_name(to);
4209 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
4212 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
4213 *(x++) = hexchar(ull & 0xF);
4219 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4222 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4231 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4235 display[0] == ':' &&
4236 display[1] >= '0' &&
4240 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4247 if (!display_is_local(display))
4250 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4252 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
4256 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4257 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4266 const char **username,
4267 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4269 const char **shell) {
4277 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4278 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4280 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4298 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4302 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4303 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4304 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4305 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4306 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4308 *username = p->pw_name;
4311 p = getpwnam(*username);
4315 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4327 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4332 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4337 return strdup("root");
4341 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4343 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
4349 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4354 return strdup("root");
4358 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4360 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) gid) < 0)
4366 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4372 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4373 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4375 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4376 *groupname = "root";
4384 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4389 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4392 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4396 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4404 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4406 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4408 if (getgid() == gid)
4411 if (getegid() == gid)
4414 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4415 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4417 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4419 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4423 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4430 int in_group(const char *name) {
4434 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4441 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4442 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4448 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4450 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4452 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4455 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4457 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4460 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4461 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4466 k = glob(optarg, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4468 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4470 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4472 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4473 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4475 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4476 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4484 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4490 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4493 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4497 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4498 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4499 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4500 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4501 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4502 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4503 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4509 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
4511 _cleanup_free_ char *parent = NULL;
4514 r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
4518 STRV_FOREACH(i, search)
4519 if (path_equal(parent, *i))
4525 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4526 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4527 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4528 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4532 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4533 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4542 union dirent_storage buf;
4545 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
4552 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4554 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4558 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4559 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4562 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4573 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4579 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4593 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4598 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4622 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4636 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4637 static __thread int cached = 0;
4639 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4640 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4645 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4652 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4653 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4656 r = access(p, F_OK);
4664 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4665 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4668 r = access(p, F_OK);
4674 /* Get parent dev_t */
4675 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4678 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4684 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4690 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4691 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4694 r = access(p, F_OK);
4698 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4705 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4710 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4714 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4715 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4718 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4719 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4720 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4721 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4722 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4725 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4727 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4728 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4729 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4730 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4731 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4732 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4733 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4736 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4738 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4739 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4740 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4741 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4742 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4743 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4744 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4745 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4746 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4747 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4748 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4749 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4750 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4751 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4752 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4753 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4754 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4755 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4756 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4757 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4758 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4761 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4763 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4764 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4765 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4766 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4768 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4769 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4770 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4771 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4774 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4776 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4777 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4778 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4779 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4780 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4784 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4786 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
4787 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4788 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4789 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4790 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4791 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4792 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4793 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4794 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4795 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4796 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4797 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4798 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4799 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4800 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4801 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4802 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4805 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4807 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4808 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4809 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4810 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4811 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4814 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4816 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4833 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4844 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4846 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4852 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4854 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4855 static __thread char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4858 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4862 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4863 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4865 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4870 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4875 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4879 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4883 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4884 signo = (int) u + offset;
4885 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4891 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4892 bool loaded = false;
4895 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4903 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
4921 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4923 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
4932 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
4939 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
4942 static const struct {
4946 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4947 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4948 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4949 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4950 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
4954 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
4956 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
4959 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
4960 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
4967 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
4975 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
4988 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4990 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4992 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
4994 l == sizeof(value) &&
4995 (size_t) value >= n*2)
4999 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
5006 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5008 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5010 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5012 l == sizeof(value) &&
5013 (size_t) value >= n*2)
5017 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
5024 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5025 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5027 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5035 parent_pid = getpid();
5037 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5044 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5051 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5052 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5053 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5055 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5056 * to set the death signal */
5057 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5058 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5060 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5061 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5063 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5064 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5066 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5067 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5068 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5069 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5070 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5071 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5072 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5073 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5074 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5076 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5077 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5081 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5084 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5090 /* Count arguments */
5092 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5097 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5099 /* Fill in arguments */
5101 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5102 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5106 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5109 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5110 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5114 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5120 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5121 * to get as close as we can */
5122 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5124 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5125 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5127 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5133 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5134 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5146 path = "/proc/self/environ";
5148 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5150 f = fopen(path, "re");
5158 char line[LINE_MAX];
5161 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5165 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5175 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5176 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5190 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5193 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5196 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5199 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5202 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5205 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5211 bool in_initrd(void) {
5212 static __thread int saved = -1;
5218 /* We make two checks here:
5220 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5221 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5223 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5224 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5225 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5228 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5229 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5230 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5235 void warn_melody(void) {
5236 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5238 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5242 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5244 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5245 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5247 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5248 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5250 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5251 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5253 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5256 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5259 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5261 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1);
5263 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5269 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5276 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5284 /* Take the user specified one */
5295 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5298 h = strdup("/root");
5306 /* Check the database... */
5310 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5312 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5315 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5323 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5337 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5343 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5348 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5349 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5352 if (strchr("\\\"\'", *t))
5360 * Check if a string contains control characters.
5361 * Spaces and tabs are not considered control characters.
5363 bool string_has_cc(const char *p) {
5368 for (t = p; *t; t++)
5369 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ' && *t != '\t')
5375 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5380 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5383 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5386 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5387 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5390 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5396 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5397 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5398 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5407 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5408 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5411 else if (comparison > 0)
5419 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5421 static int cached_answer = -1;
5423 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5426 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5427 cached_answer = true;
5431 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5433 cached_answer = true;
5437 if(streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5438 cached_answer = true;
5442 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5443 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5444 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5446 cached_answer = true;
5450 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5454 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5455 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5459 return (bool) cached_answer;
5462 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5463 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5465 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5466 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5467 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5468 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5469 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243 ", /* ‣ */
5471 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5472 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "| ",
5473 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5474 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5475 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5476 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "> ",
5480 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5483 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5486 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5492 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5493 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5506 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5512 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5513 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5521 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5533 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5534 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5539 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5541 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5547 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5549 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5551 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5555 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5560 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5562 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5563 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5564 else if (*i == '\t')
5571 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5574 } else if (*i == '[') {
5575 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5580 state = STATE_OTHER;
5587 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5588 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5591 state = STATE_OTHER;
5593 } else if (*i == 'm')
5594 state = STATE_OTHER;
5616 int on_ac_power(void) {
5617 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5618 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5620 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5626 union dirent_storage buf;
5627 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5632 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
5639 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5642 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5644 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5650 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5652 if (errno == ENOENT)
5658 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5662 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5665 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5666 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5668 if (errno == ENOENT)
5674 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5678 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5681 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5682 found_online = true;
5684 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5685 found_offline = true;
5690 return found_online || !found_offline;
5693 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5700 if (!path_strv_canonicalize_uniq(search))
5703 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5704 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5707 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5717 if (errno != ENOENT)
5724 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5725 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5731 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5734 f = fopen(path, mode);
5743 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5747 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, copy, _f);
5750 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5751 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5753 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5756 f = fopen(path, mode);
5765 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5769 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, s, _f);
5772 int create_tmp_dir(char template[], char** dir_name) {
5774 char *d = NULL, *dt;
5778 RUN_WITH_UMASK(0077) {
5779 d = mkdtemp(template);
5782 log_error("Can't create directory %s: %m", template);
5786 dt = strjoin(d, "/tmp", NULL);
5792 RUN_WITH_UMASK(0000) {
5793 r = mkdir(dt, 0777);
5796 log_error("Can't create directory %s: %m", dt);
5800 log_debug("Created temporary directory %s", dt);
5802 r = chmod(dt, 0777 | S_ISVTX);
5804 log_error("Failed to chmod %s: %m", dt);
5808 log_debug("Set sticky bit on %s", dt);
5822 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5829 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5836 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5841 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5850 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5860 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5874 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5882 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5886 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5893 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need) {
5897 if (*allocated >= need)
5900 a = MAX(64u, need * 2);
5910 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
5916 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
5918 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5921 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5922 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5923 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5927 } else if (l == 36) {
5929 /* Formatted UUID */
5931 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5934 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
5938 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5939 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5940 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5951 void parse_user_at_host(char *arg, char **user, char **host) {
5956 *host = strchr(arg, '@');
5965 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
5980 a = strndup(s, x - s);
5984 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));