1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
57 #include <linux/magic.h>
64 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
75 #include "path-util.h"
76 #include "exit-status.h"
80 #include "device-nodes.h"
87 char **saved_argv = NULL;
89 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
90 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
92 size_t page_size(void) {
93 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
96 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
99 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
106 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
108 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
119 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
126 pl = strlen(postfix);
129 return (char*) s + sl;
134 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
137 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
140 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
155 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
159 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
162 int close_nointr(int fd) {
168 /* Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong
169 * thing to do on Linux.
171 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
172 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
173 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
174 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
176 if (_unlikely_(r < 0 && errno == EINTR))
184 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
187 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
190 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
193 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
196 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
198 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
199 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
202 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
213 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
216 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
218 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
224 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
225 unsigned long ul = 0;
232 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
238 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
248 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
249 unsigned long ul = 0;
256 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
262 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
269 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
277 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
279 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
280 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
282 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
285 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
289 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
297 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
299 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
300 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
302 if ((long) (int) l != l)
309 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
311 unsigned long long l;
317 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
319 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
320 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
326 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
334 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
336 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
337 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
343 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
350 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
355 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
356 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
362 /* Split a string into words. */
363 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
366 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
368 if (!*current || *c == 0)
371 current += strspn(current, separator);
372 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
375 return (char*) current;
378 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
379 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
380 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
381 const char *current, *e;
382 bool escaped = false;
388 current = *state ? *state : c;
390 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
395 else if (*current == '\'') {
398 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
408 *state = (char*) (*e == 0 ? e : e+1);
410 } else if (*current == '\"') {
413 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
423 *state = (char*) (*e == 0 ? e : e+1);
426 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
431 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
438 return (char*) current;
441 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
443 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
455 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
456 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
460 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
461 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
462 * skip over it manually */
464 p = strrchr(line, ')');
476 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
479 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
484 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
486 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
492 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
493 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
497 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
498 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
499 * skip over it manually */
501 p = strrchr(line, ')');
523 "%*d " /* priority */
525 "%*d " /* num_threads */
526 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
527 "%llu " /* starttime */,
534 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
539 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
545 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
548 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
552 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
559 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
561 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
568 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
569 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
577 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
583 if (max_length == 0) {
584 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
586 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
588 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
593 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
603 r = new(char, max_length);
609 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
631 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
638 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
639 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
640 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
648 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
652 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
661 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
673 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
678 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
682 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
685 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
690 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
696 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
698 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
701 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
709 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
711 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
713 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
715 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
722 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
723 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
733 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
738 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
743 if (startswith(l, field)) {
745 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
747 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
749 return parse_uid(l, uid);
756 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
757 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
760 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
761 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
762 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
765 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
773 return strndup(suffix, b);
782 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
785 r = new(char, a+b+1);
790 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
796 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
797 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
800 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
810 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
813 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
819 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
830 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
831 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
838 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
842 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
850 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
857 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
861 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
868 path_kill_slashes(*r);
873 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
876 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
877 struct sigaction sa = {
878 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
879 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
882 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
885 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
886 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
887 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
895 char *strstrip(char *s) {
898 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
899 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
901 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
903 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
904 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
912 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
915 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
917 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
929 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
936 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
942 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
949 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
950 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
953 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
954 return strdup(filename);
956 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
957 return strdup(filename);
959 k = strlen(filename);
960 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
963 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
964 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
969 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
978 /* Skip trailing slashes */
979 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
985 /* Skip last component */
986 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
989 /* Skip trailing slashes */
990 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
996 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
999 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1008 if (errno != ENOENT)
1015 char hexchar(int x) {
1016 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1018 return table[x & 15];
1021 int unhexchar(char c) {
1023 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1026 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1027 return c - 'a' + 10;
1029 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1030 return c - 'A' + 10;
1035 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1039 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1043 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1044 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1045 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1052 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1058 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1062 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1065 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1067 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1071 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1078 char octchar(int x) {
1079 return '0' + (x & 7);
1082 int unoctchar(char c) {
1084 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1090 char decchar(int x) {
1091 return '0' + (x % 10);
1094 int undecchar(char c) {
1096 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1102 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1108 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1110 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1114 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1160 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1161 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1162 * g_strescape() does the same */
1163 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1165 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1166 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1167 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1178 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1185 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1187 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1189 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1194 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1196 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1239 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1244 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1247 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1248 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1250 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1251 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1255 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1270 /* octal encoding */
1273 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1274 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1275 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1277 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1278 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1282 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1290 /* premature end of string.*/
1295 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1307 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1308 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1311 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1314 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1317 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1321 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1322 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1325 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1329 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1331 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1332 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1335 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1336 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1346 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1351 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1352 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1353 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1358 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1362 filename[0] == '.' ||
1363 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1364 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1365 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1366 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1367 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1368 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1369 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1370 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1371 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1374 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1377 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1380 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1383 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1388 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1392 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1394 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1396 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1402 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1407 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1411 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1413 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1415 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1421 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1424 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1426 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1433 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1438 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1440 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1445 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1446 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1449 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1450 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1452 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1455 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1456 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1463 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1466 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1469 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1470 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1479 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1482 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1483 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1484 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1493 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1496 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1497 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1504 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1505 static const char table[] =
1515 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1519 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1521 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1527 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1531 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1534 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1537 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1543 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1544 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1546 char line[LINE_MAX];
1551 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1552 new_termios = old_termios;
1554 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1555 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1556 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1558 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1561 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
1562 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1563 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1568 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1570 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1576 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1583 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
1584 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1587 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1592 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1602 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1612 bool need_nl = true;
1615 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1622 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1626 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
1629 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1630 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1641 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1646 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1650 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1651 struct termios termios;
1654 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1658 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1659 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1660 * interfere with that. */
1662 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1663 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1665 /* Switch to text mode */
1667 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1669 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1670 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1672 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1677 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1678 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1679 * else will do that for us */
1681 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1682 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1683 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1684 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1685 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1687 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1688 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1689 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1690 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1691 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1692 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1693 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1694 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1695 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1696 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1697 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1698 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1699 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1701 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1702 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1704 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1708 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1709 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1714 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1717 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1721 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1722 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1727 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1732 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1733 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1734 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1735 * retrying a couple of times.
1737 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1740 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1743 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1750 /* Max 1s in total */
1754 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1763 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1768 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1775 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1776 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1786 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1796 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1802 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1811 int acquire_terminal(
1815 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1818 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1823 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1824 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1825 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1827 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1828 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1829 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1830 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1831 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1832 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1833 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1834 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1836 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
1837 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1839 if (!fail && !force) {
1840 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1846 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1854 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1855 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1856 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1860 r = flush_fd(notify);
1865 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1866 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1867 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1868 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1872 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1873 * if we already own the tty. */
1874 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1876 /* First, try to get the tty */
1877 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
1880 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1882 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
1883 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
1884 * are have this controlling terminal. */
1885 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
1888 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
1897 assert(notify >= 0);
1900 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
1902 struct inotify_event *e;
1904 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) {
1907 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1908 if (ts + timeout < n) {
1913 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
1923 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
1926 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
1933 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
1938 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
1943 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
1944 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
1946 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
1953 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
1954 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
1955 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
1956 * an endless loop. */
1957 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1961 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
1963 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1965 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
1971 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1974 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
1979 int release_terminal(void) {
1981 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1982 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1983 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1985 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1987 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
1991 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1992 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
1993 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1995 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
1998 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2003 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2008 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2009 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2016 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2017 struct sigaction sa = {
2018 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2019 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2025 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2029 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2030 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2037 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2038 struct sigaction sa = {
2039 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2040 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2045 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2049 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2050 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2057 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2063 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2068 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2072 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2075 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2084 while (nbytes > 0) {
2087 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2089 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2092 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2093 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2098 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2102 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2105 /* We knowingly ignore the revents value here,
2106 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2107 * via read()/write()
2113 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2124 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2133 while (nbytes > 0) {
2136 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2139 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2142 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2143 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2148 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2152 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2155 /* We knowingly ignore the revents value here,
2156 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2157 * via read()/write()
2163 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2174 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
2175 static const struct {
2177 unsigned long long factor;
2181 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2182 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2183 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2184 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2185 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2190 unsigned long long r = 0;
2202 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2213 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2215 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2216 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2217 unsigned long long tmp;
2218 if ((unsigned long long) l > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2220 tmp = l * table[i].factor;
2221 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2225 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2228 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2232 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2242 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2247 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2248 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2249 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2252 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2254 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2257 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2262 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2265 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2269 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2272 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2274 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2275 * sysfs or in /dev */
2278 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2279 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2282 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2283 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2294 if (!de && errno != 0)
2300 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2305 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2306 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2323 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2324 static bool srand_called = false;
2325 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2329 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2333 k = loop_read(fd, p, n, true);
2334 if (k < 0 || (size_t) k != n)
2341 if (!srand_called) {
2343 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2344 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in
2345 * auxv, so let's try to make use of that to seed the
2346 * pseudo-random generator. It's better than
2351 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2353 srand(*(unsigned*) auxv);
2356 srand(time(NULL) + gettid());
2358 srand_called = true;
2361 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2362 * get a PRNG instead. */
2363 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2367 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2370 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2371 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2372 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2373 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2374 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2375 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2378 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2380 if (program_invocation_name)
2381 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2383 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2387 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2389 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2393 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2398 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2405 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2406 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2410 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2413 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2415 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2416 return strdup(u.nodename);
2418 return strdup(u.sysname);
2421 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2424 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2426 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2429 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2432 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2433 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2435 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2437 return strdup("root");
2439 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2443 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2447 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2448 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2450 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
2456 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2460 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2465 return lookup_uid(uid);
2468 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2475 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2478 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2479 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2484 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2490 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2498 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2502 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2506 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2508 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2515 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2517 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2519 unsigned long ttynr;
2523 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2524 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2528 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2538 "%*d " /* session */
2543 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2552 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2554 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *s, *b, *p;
2559 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2563 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2565 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2571 /* This is an ugly hack */
2572 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2573 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
2583 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2584 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2585 * vaguely useful. */
2598 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2600 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2618 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2624 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2625 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2629 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2631 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2636 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2642 if (!de && errno != 0) {
2651 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2654 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2656 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2657 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2658 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2663 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2666 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2667 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2669 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2670 keep_around = false;
2676 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2677 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2680 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2681 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2682 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2683 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2688 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2689 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2693 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2694 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2698 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2700 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2701 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2712 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2715 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2716 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2719 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2724 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2725 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2729 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2730 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2732 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2733 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2734 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2738 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2741 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2747 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2748 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2749 * seriously broken system. */
2750 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2751 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2755 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2758 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2762 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2765 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2766 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2771 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2772 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2779 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2780 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2784 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2785 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2786 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2791 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2794 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2797 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2806 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2807 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2810 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2811 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2814 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2817 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2818 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2819 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2821 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2822 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2825 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2826 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2832 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2835 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2836 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2837 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2839 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2840 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
2843 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2844 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
2850 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
2854 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
2857 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
2860 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
2861 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
2871 if (errno != EINVAL)
2878 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
2879 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
2880 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2881 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2882 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
2884 static bool prev_ephemeral;
2888 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
2889 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
2891 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
2894 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2907 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
2913 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
2921 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
2922 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
2925 if (!isempty(status)) {
2926 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
2927 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
2928 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
2930 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
2933 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
2935 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
2937 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
2943 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
2949 va_start(ap, format);
2950 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
2956 int status_welcome(void) {
2957 _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
2960 r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
2961 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
2962 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
2965 if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
2966 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
2968 return status_printf(NULL, false, false,
2969 "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
2970 isempty(ansi_color) ? "1" : ansi_color,
2971 isempty(pretty_name) ? "Linux" : pretty_name);
2974 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
2981 const char *e, *word = format;
2986 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
2997 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3006 } else if (*e == '$') {
3007 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3023 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3025 k = strappend(r, t);
3039 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3050 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3052 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3054 l = strv_length(argv);
3056 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3059 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3061 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3062 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3067 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3070 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3081 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3090 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3098 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3099 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3109 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3110 struct winsize ws = {};
3112 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3121 unsigned columns(void) {
3125 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3126 return cached_columns;
3129 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3134 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3143 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3144 struct winsize ws = {};
3146 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3155 unsigned lines(void) {
3159 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3160 return cached_lines;
3163 e = getenv("LINES");
3168 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3174 return cached_lines;
3177 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3178 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3184 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3186 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3187 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3189 return cached_on_tty;
3192 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3193 struct stat a = {}, b = {};
3195 /* Only works as root */
3196 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3199 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3203 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3204 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3207 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3212 assert(percent <= 100);
3213 assert(new_length >= 3);
3215 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3216 return strndup(s, old_length);
3218 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3222 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3224 if (x > new_length - 3)
3232 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3233 new_length - x - 3);
3238 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3242 unsigned k, len, len2;
3245 assert(percent <= 100);
3246 assert(new_length >= 3);
3248 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3249 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3250 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3252 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3253 return strndup(s, old_length);
3255 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3257 if (x > new_length - 3)
3261 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3264 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3267 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3270 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3273 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3276 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3277 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3280 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3284 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3286 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3288 /* make space for ellipsis */
3289 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3292 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3293 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3298 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3299 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3303 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3307 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3312 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3313 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3316 int touch(const char *path) {
3321 /* This just opens the file for writing, ensuring it
3322 * exists. It doesn't call utimensat() the way /usr/bin/touch
3325 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
3329 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3333 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3337 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3338 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3339 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3346 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3347 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3352 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3353 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3356 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3368 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3372 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3380 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3384 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3390 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3401 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3413 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3420 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3422 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3426 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3427 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3428 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3429 return status.si_status;
3432 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3435 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3436 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3438 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3442 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3446 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3448 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3449 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3457 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3460 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3463 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3469 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3474 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3477 return null_or_empty(&st);
3480 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3484 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3486 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3492 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
3499 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3503 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3505 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3506 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3511 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3512 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3516 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3520 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3521 t = new(char, enc_len);
3525 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3528 if (asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-%s/%s", by, t) < 0)
3534 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3537 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3538 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3540 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3541 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3543 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3544 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3546 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3547 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3552 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3555 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3558 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3561 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3564 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3567 return streq(tty, "console");
3570 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3575 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3578 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3581 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3584 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3588 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3594 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3597 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3598 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3600 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3603 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3606 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3607 * /dev/console points to */
3608 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3614 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3617 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3618 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3620 tty = *active = tmp;
3627 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3628 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3632 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3635 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3636 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3641 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3644 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3647 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3650 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3653 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3656 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3657 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3658 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3664 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3667 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3668 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3669 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3672 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3675 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3678 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
3681 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3685 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and
3686 * waits for them to finish. */
3689 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
3691 if (errno == ENOENT)
3694 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3701 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
3702 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
3706 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
3711 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3714 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
3719 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
3720 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3738 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3739 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3742 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
3744 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
3745 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
3750 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3751 pid_t pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3755 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
3760 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
3764 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
3765 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status, NULL)) {
3766 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
3767 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
3769 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
3771 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
3782 hashmap_free_free(pids);
3785 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3788 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
3796 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
3802 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
3803 if (streq(i, needle))
3809 bool plymouth_running(void) {
3810 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
3813 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
3822 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
3824 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
3825 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
3826 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
3832 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
3839 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3846 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
3856 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
3862 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
3866 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3873 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
3874 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
3885 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
3890 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
3892 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3894 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
3897 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
3904 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
3907 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
3909 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3914 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? -1 : (int) (t / USEC_PER_MSEC));
3921 return pollfd.revents;
3924 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
3935 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
3939 fn = basename(path);
3943 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
3945 fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
3951 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
3964 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
3967 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
3973 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
3976 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3980 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
3981 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3986 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
3990 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
3991 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
3992 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
3994 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
3997 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
3998 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
3999 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4001 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4006 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4007 "\033[H" /* move home */
4008 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4010 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4015 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4018 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4025 /* Try to deallocate */
4026 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4030 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4031 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4039 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4041 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4046 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4047 "\033[H" /* move home */
4048 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4050 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4055 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to, int flags) {
4056 _cleanup_close_ int fdf = -1;
4062 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
4066 fdt = open(to, flags|O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
4074 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
4088 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
4090 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
4099 r = close_nointr(fdt);
4109 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4111 _cleanup_free_ char *t;
4121 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
4129 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
4132 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
4133 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
4139 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4142 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4151 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4155 display[0] == ':' &&
4156 display[1] >= '0' &&
4160 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4167 if (!display_is_local(display))
4170 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4172 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
4176 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4177 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4186 const char **username,
4187 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4189 const char **shell) {
4197 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4198 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4200 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4218 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4222 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4223 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4224 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4225 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4226 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4228 *username = p->pw_name;
4231 p = getpwnam(*username);
4235 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4247 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4252 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4257 return strdup("root");
4261 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4263 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
4269 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4274 return strdup("root");
4278 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4280 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) gid) < 0)
4286 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4292 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4293 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4295 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4296 *groupname = "root";
4304 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4309 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4312 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4316 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4324 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4326 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4328 if (getgid() == gid)
4331 if (getegid() == gid)
4334 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4335 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4337 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4339 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4343 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4350 int in_group(const char *name) {
4354 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4361 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4362 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4368 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4370 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4372 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4375 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4377 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4380 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4381 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4386 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4388 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4390 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4392 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4393 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4395 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4396 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4404 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4410 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4413 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4417 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4418 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4419 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4420 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4421 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4422 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4423 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4429 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
4431 _cleanup_free_ char *parent = NULL;
4434 r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
4438 STRV_FOREACH(i, search)
4439 if (path_equal(parent, *i))
4445 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4446 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4447 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4448 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4452 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4453 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4465 if (!de && errno != 0)
4470 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4472 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4476 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4477 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4480 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4491 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4497 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4511 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4516 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4540 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4554 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4555 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4557 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4558 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4563 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4570 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4571 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4574 r = access(p, F_OK);
4582 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4583 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4586 r = access(p, F_OK);
4592 /* Get parent dev_t */
4593 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4596 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4602 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4608 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4609 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4612 r = access(p, F_OK);
4616 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4623 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4628 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4632 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4633 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4636 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4637 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4638 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4639 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4640 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4643 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4645 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4646 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4647 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4648 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4649 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4650 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4651 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4654 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4656 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4657 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4658 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4659 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4660 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4661 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4662 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4663 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4664 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4665 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4666 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4667 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4668 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4669 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4670 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4671 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4672 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4673 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4674 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4675 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4676 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4679 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4681 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4682 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4683 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4684 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4686 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4687 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4688 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4689 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4692 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4694 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4695 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4696 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4697 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4698 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4702 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4704 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
4705 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4706 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4707 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4708 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4709 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4710 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4711 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4712 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4713 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4714 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4715 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4716 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4717 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4718 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4719 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4720 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4723 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4725 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4726 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4727 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4728 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4729 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4732 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4734 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4751 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4762 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4764 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4770 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4772 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4773 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4776 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4780 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4781 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4783 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4788 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4793 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4797 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4801 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4802 signo = (int) u + offset;
4803 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4809 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4810 bool loaded = false;
4813 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4821 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
4839 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4841 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
4850 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
4857 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
4860 static const struct {
4864 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4865 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4866 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4867 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4868 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
4872 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
4874 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
4877 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
4878 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
4885 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
4893 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
4906 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4908 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4910 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
4911 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
4914 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
4917 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
4918 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
4924 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4926 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4928 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
4929 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
4932 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
4935 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
4936 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
4941 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
4942 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
4944 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
4952 parent_pid = getpid();
4954 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
4961 if (agent_pid != 0) {
4968 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
4969 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
4970 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4972 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
4973 * to set the death signal */
4974 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
4975 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
4977 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
4978 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
4980 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
4981 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
4983 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
4984 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
4985 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
4986 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
4987 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
4988 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
4989 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
4990 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
4991 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
4993 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
4994 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4998 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5001 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5007 /* Count arguments */
5009 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5014 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5016 /* Fill in arguments */
5018 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5019 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5023 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5026 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5027 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5031 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5037 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5038 * to get as close as we can */
5039 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5041 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5042 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5044 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5050 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5051 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5062 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5064 f = fopen(path, "re");
5072 char line[LINE_MAX];
5075 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5079 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5089 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5090 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5104 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5107 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5110 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5113 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5116 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5119 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5125 bool in_initrd(void) {
5126 static int saved = -1;
5132 /* We make two checks here:
5134 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5135 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5137 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5138 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5139 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5142 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5143 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5144 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5149 void warn_melody(void) {
5150 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5152 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5156 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5158 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5159 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5161 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5162 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5164 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5165 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5167 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5170 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5173 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5175 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1);
5177 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5183 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5190 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5198 /* Take the user specified one */
5209 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5212 h = strdup("/root");
5220 /* Check the database... */
5224 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5226 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5229 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5237 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5245 /* Take the user specified one */
5246 e = getenv("SHELL");
5256 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5259 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5267 /* Check the database... */
5271 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5273 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5276 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5284 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5298 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5304 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5309 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5310 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5313 if (strchr("\\\"\'", *t))
5321 * Check if a string contains control characters.
5322 * Spaces and tabs are not considered control characters.
5324 bool string_has_cc(const char *p) {
5329 for (t = p; *t; t++)
5330 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ' && *t != '\t')
5336 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5341 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5344 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5347 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5348 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5351 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5357 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5358 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5359 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5368 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5369 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5372 else if (comparison > 0)
5380 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5382 static int cached_answer = -1;
5384 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5387 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5388 cached_answer = true;
5392 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5394 cached_answer = true;
5398 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5399 cached_answer = true;
5403 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5404 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5405 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5407 cached_answer = true;
5411 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5415 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5416 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5420 return (bool) cached_answer;
5423 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5424 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5426 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5427 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5428 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5429 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5430 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243 ", /* ‣ */
5431 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217 ", /* ● */
5433 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5434 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "| ",
5435 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5436 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5437 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5438 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "> ",
5439 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "* ",
5443 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5446 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5449 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5455 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5456 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5469 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5475 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5476 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5484 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5496 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5497 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5502 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5504 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5510 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5512 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5514 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5518 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5523 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5525 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5526 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5527 else if (*i == '\t')
5534 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5537 } else if (*i == '[') {
5538 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5543 state = STATE_OTHER;
5550 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5551 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5554 state = STATE_OTHER;
5556 } else if (*i == 'm')
5557 state = STATE_OTHER;
5579 int on_ac_power(void) {
5580 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5581 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5583 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5589 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5595 if (!de && errno != 0)
5601 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5604 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5606 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5612 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5614 if (errno == ENOENT)
5620 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5624 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5627 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5628 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5630 if (errno == ENOENT)
5636 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5640 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5643 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5644 found_online = true;
5646 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5647 found_offline = true;
5652 return found_online || !found_offline;
5655 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5662 if (!path_strv_canonicalize_uniq(search))
5665 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5666 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5669 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5679 if (errno != ENOENT)
5686 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5687 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5693 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5696 f = fopen(path, mode);
5705 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5709 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, copy, _f);
5712 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5713 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5715 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5718 f = fopen(path, mode);
5727 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5731 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, s, _f);
5734 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5741 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5748 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5753 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5762 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5772 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5786 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5794 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5798 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5805 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need) {
5812 if (*allocated >= need)
5815 a = MAX(64u, need * 2);
5817 /* check for overflows */
5830 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need) {
5839 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need);
5843 if (*allocated > prev)
5844 memset(&q[prev], 0, *allocated - prev);
5849 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
5855 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
5857 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5860 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5861 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5862 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5866 } else if (l == 36) {
5868 /* Formatted UUID */
5870 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5873 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
5877 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5878 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5879 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5890 void parse_user_at_host(char *arg, char **user, char **host) {
5895 *host = strchr(arg, '@');
5904 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
5919 a = strndup(s, x - s);
5923 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
5935 int shall_restore_state(void) {
5936 _cleanup_free_ char *line;
5941 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
5944 if (r == 0) /* Container ... */
5947 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state)
5948 if (l == 23 && strneq(w, "systemd.restore_state=0", 23))
5954 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
5957 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
5961 r = read_full_file("/proc/1/cmdline", &buf, &sz);
5965 for (p = buf; p + 1 < buf + sz; p++)
5974 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
5981 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
5982 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
5990 p = strappenda("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
5991 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
5999 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6002 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6012 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6013 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1;
6014 const char *pidns, *mntns, *root;
6022 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6023 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6027 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6028 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6032 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6033 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6037 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6038 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6046 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int root_fd) {
6047 assert(pidns_fd >= 0);
6048 assert(mntns_fd >= 0);
6049 assert(root_fd >= 0);
6051 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6054 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6057 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6060 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6063 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6066 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6072 bool pid_valid(pid_t pid) {
6076 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6079 return errno != ESRCH;
6082 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6083 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6090 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6094 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6097 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6098 * to namespacing issues */
6106 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6118 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6122 if (errno != ERANGE)
6129 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);