1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
57 #include <sys/mount.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
62 #include <sys/personality.h>
66 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
78 #include "path-util.h"
79 #include "exit-status.h"
83 #include "device-nodes.h"
90 char **saved_argv = NULL;
92 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
93 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
95 size_t page_size(void) {
96 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
99 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
102 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
109 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
111 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
122 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
129 pl = strlen(postfix);
132 return (char*) s + sl;
137 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
140 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
143 char* first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
150 /* Checks if the string starts with the specified word, either
151 * followed by NUL or by whitespace. Returns a pointer to the
152 * NUL or the first character after the whitespace. */
163 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
170 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *p))
173 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
177 int close_nointr(int fd) {
184 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong thing to do on
187 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
188 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
189 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
190 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
198 int safe_close(int fd) {
201 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
202 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
203 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
205 * fd = safe_close(fd);
211 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
212 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
213 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
214 * the fd was invalid at all... */
216 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
222 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
225 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
227 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
231 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
242 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
245 if (streq(v, "1") || strcaseeq(v, "yes") || strcaseeq(v, "y") || strcaseeq(v, "true") || strcaseeq(v, "t") || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
247 else if (streq(v, "0") || strcaseeq(v, "no") || strcaseeq(v, "n") || strcaseeq(v, "false") || strcaseeq(v, "f") || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
253 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
254 unsigned long ul = 0;
261 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
267 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
277 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
278 unsigned long ul = 0;
285 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
291 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
294 /* Some libc APIs use (uid_t) -1 as special placeholder */
295 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
298 /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
299 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
306 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
314 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
316 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
317 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
319 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
322 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
326 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
334 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
336 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
337 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
339 if ((long) (int) l != l)
346 int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
354 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
356 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
357 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
359 if ((unsigned long) (uint8_t) l != l)
366 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
368 unsigned long long l;
374 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
376 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
377 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
383 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
391 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
393 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
394 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
400 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
407 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
412 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
413 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
419 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
420 bool escaped = false;
423 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
426 else if (s[n] == '\\')
428 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
431 /* if s ends in \, return index of previous char */
435 /* Split a string into words. */
436 const char* split(const char **state, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted) {
442 assert(**state == '\0');
446 current += strspn(current, separator);
452 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
453 char quotechars[2] = {*current, '\0'};
455 *l = strcspn_escaped(current + 1, quotechars);
456 if (current[*l + 1] == '\0' ||
457 (current[*l + 2] && !strchr(separator, current[*l + 2]))) {
458 /* right quote missing or garbage at the end*/
462 assert(current[*l + 1] == quotechars[0]);
463 *state = current++ + *l + 2;
465 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
466 *state = current + *l;
468 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
469 *state = current + *l;
475 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
477 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
489 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
490 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
494 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
495 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
496 * skip over it manually */
498 p = strrchr(line, ')');
510 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
513 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
518 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
520 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
526 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
527 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
531 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
532 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
533 * skip over it manually */
535 p = strrchr(line, ')');
557 "%*d " /* priority */
559 "%*d " /* num_threads */
560 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
561 "%llu " /* starttime */,
568 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
573 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
579 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
582 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
586 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
590 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
594 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
595 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
599 p = strrchr(line, ')');
605 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
608 return (unsigned char) state;
611 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
618 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
620 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
627 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
628 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
636 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
642 if (max_length == 0) {
643 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
645 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
647 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
652 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
662 r = new(char, max_length);
668 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
690 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
697 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
698 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
699 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
707 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
711 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
720 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
732 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
737 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
741 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
744 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
749 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
755 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
757 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
760 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
768 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
770 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
772 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
774 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
781 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
782 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
792 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
797 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
802 if (startswith(l, field)) {
804 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
806 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
808 return parse_uid(l, uid);
815 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
816 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
819 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
820 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
821 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
824 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
832 return strndup(suffix, b);
841 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
844 r = new(char, a+b+1);
849 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
855 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
856 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
859 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
874 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
881 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
892 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
893 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
896 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
897 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
904 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
908 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
916 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
923 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
927 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
934 path_kill_slashes(*r);
939 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
942 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
943 struct sigaction sa = {
944 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
945 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
948 /* These two cannot be caught... */
949 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
952 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
953 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
954 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
955 if (errno != EINVAL && r == 0)
962 int reset_signal_mask(void) {
965 if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0)
968 if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) < 0)
974 char *strstrip(char *s) {
977 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
978 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
980 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
982 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
983 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
991 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
994 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
996 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1008 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1015 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1016 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1019 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1020 return strdup(filename);
1022 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1023 return strdup(filename);
1025 k = strlen(filename);
1026 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1029 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1030 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1035 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1044 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1045 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1051 /* Skip last component */
1052 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1055 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1056 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1062 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1065 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1074 if (errno != ENOENT)
1081 char hexchar(int x) {
1082 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1084 return table[x & 15];
1087 int unhexchar(char c) {
1089 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1092 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1093 return c - 'a' + 10;
1095 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1096 return c - 'A' + 10;
1101 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1105 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1109 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1110 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1111 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1118 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1124 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1128 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1131 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1133 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1137 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1144 char octchar(int x) {
1145 return '0' + (x & 7);
1148 int unoctchar(char c) {
1150 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1156 char decchar(int x) {
1157 return '0' + (x % 10);
1160 int undecchar(char c) {
1162 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1168 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1174 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1176 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1180 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1226 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1227 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1228 * g_strescape() does the same */
1229 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1231 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1232 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1233 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1244 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1251 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1253 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1255 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1260 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1262 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1305 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1310 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1313 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1314 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1316 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0)) {
1317 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1321 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1336 /* octal encoding */
1339 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1340 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1341 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1343 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)) {
1344 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1348 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1356 /* premature end of string.*/
1361 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1373 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1374 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1377 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1380 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1383 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1387 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1388 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1391 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1395 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1397 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1398 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1401 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1402 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1412 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1417 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1418 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1419 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1424 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1428 filename[0] == '.' ||
1429 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1430 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1431 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1432 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1433 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1434 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1435 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1436 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1437 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-tmp") ||
1438 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1441 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1444 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1447 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1450 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1455 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1460 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1462 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1464 if (nflags == flags)
1467 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1473 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1478 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1483 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1485 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1487 if (nflags == flags)
1490 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1496 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1499 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1501 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1508 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1509 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
1513 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1515 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1520 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1521 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1524 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1525 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1527 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1530 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1531 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1538 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1541 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1544 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1545 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1554 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1557 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1558 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1559 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1567 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1570 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1571 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1578 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1579 static const char table[] =
1593 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1597 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1601 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1603 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1609 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1613 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1616 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1619 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1625 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1626 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1627 char c, line[LINE_MAX];
1632 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1633 new_termios = old_termios;
1635 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1636 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1637 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1639 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1642 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1643 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1644 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1649 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1651 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1657 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1664 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1665 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1670 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1671 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1675 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1685 int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1695 bool need_nl = true;
1698 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1705 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1709 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, USEC_INFINITY, &need_nl);
1712 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1713 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1724 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1729 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1733 int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) {
1738 char line[LINE_MAX];
1742 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1749 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1754 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin))
1755 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1757 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
1776 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1777 struct termios termios;
1780 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1784 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1785 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1786 * interfere with that. */
1788 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1789 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1791 /* Switch to text mode */
1793 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1795 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1796 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1798 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1803 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1804 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1805 * else will do that for us */
1807 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1808 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1809 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1810 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1811 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1813 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1814 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1815 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1816 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1817 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1818 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1819 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1820 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1821 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1822 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1823 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1824 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1825 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1827 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1828 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1830 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1834 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1835 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1840 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1841 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
1843 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1847 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1850 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1855 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1856 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1857 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1858 * retrying a couple of times.
1860 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1863 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1866 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1873 /* Max 1s in total */
1877 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1895 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1896 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1906 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1916 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1922 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1931 int acquire_terminal(
1935 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1938 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1943 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1944 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1945 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1947 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1948 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1949 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1950 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1951 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1952 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1953 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1954 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1956 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
1957 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1959 if (!fail && !force) {
1960 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != USEC_INFINITY ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1966 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1974 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1975 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1976 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1980 r = flush_fd(notify);
1985 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1986 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1987 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1988 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1992 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1993 * if we already own the tty. */
1994 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1996 /* First, try to get the tty */
1997 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
2000 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2002 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2003 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2004 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2005 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2008 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2017 assert(notify >= 0);
2020 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
2022 struct inotify_event *e;
2024 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY) {
2027 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2028 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2033 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2043 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2046 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2053 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2058 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2063 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2064 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2066 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2073 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2074 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2075 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2076 * an endless loop. */
2082 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2084 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2095 int release_terminal(void) {
2096 static const struct sigaction sa_new = {
2097 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2098 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2101 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2102 struct sigaction sa_old;
2105 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2109 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2110 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2111 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2113 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2116 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2121 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2126 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2127 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2134 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2135 struct sigaction sa = {
2136 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2137 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2142 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2146 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2147 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2154 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2155 struct sigaction sa = {
2156 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2157 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2162 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2166 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2167 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2174 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2178 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2180 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2184 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2185 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2188 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2195 while (nbytes > 0) {
2198 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2199 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2202 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2204 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2205 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2208 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
2213 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2223 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2224 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2230 while (nbytes > 0) {
2233 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2234 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2237 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2239 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2240 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2243 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, USEC_INFINITY);
2248 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2258 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2260 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2261 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2262 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2263 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2264 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2265 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2266 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2268 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2269 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2270 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2271 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2276 unsigned long long factor;
2279 static const struct table iec[] = {
2280 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2281 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2282 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2283 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2284 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2290 static const struct table si[] = {
2291 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2292 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2293 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2294 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2295 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2301 const struct table *table;
2303 unsigned long long r = 0;
2304 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2307 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2312 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2315 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2321 unsigned long long l2;
2327 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2340 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2343 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2344 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2346 if (errno == ERANGE)
2349 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2356 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2358 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2359 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2360 unsigned long long tmp;
2361 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2363 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2364 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2368 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2371 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2387 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2392 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2393 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2394 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2399 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2402 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2407 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2410 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2414 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2417 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2419 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2420 * sysfs or in /dev */
2423 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2424 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2427 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2428 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2439 if (!de && errno != 0)
2445 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2450 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2451 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2468 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2469 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2472 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2474 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2476 k = loop_read(fd, p, n, true);
2479 if ((size_t) k != n)
2485 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2486 static bool srand_called = false;
2490 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2494 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2495 * get a PRNG instead. */
2497 if (!srand_called) {
2500 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2501 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in
2502 * auxv, so let's try to make use of that to seed the
2503 * pseudo-random generator. It's better than
2508 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2510 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2513 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2514 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2517 srand_called = true;
2520 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2524 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2527 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2528 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2529 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2530 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2531 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2532 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2535 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2537 if (program_invocation_name)
2538 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2540 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2544 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2546 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2550 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2555 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2562 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2563 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2567 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2572 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2575 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2576 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2579 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2585 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2588 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2590 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2591 return strdup(u.nodename);
2593 return strdup(u.sysname);
2596 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2599 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2601 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2604 char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2607 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2608 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2610 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2612 return strdup("root");
2614 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2618 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2622 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2623 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2625 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2631 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2635 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2640 return lookup_uid(uid);
2643 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2650 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2653 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2654 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2659 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2665 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2673 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2677 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2681 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2683 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2690 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2692 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2694 unsigned long ttynr;
2698 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2699 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2703 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2713 "%*d " /* session */
2718 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2727 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2728 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2729 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2736 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2740 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2742 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2748 /* This is an ugly hack */
2749 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2750 asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr));
2754 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2755 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2756 * vaguely useful. */
2762 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2764 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2782 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2783 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
2788 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2789 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2795 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2800 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2807 if (errno != 0 && ret == 0)
2812 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2815 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2817 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2818 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2819 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2824 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2827 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2828 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2830 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2831 keep_around = false;
2837 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2838 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2841 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2842 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2843 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2844 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2849 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2850 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2854 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2855 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2859 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2861 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2862 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2869 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2872 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2873 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2876 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2881 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2886 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2887 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2889 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2890 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2895 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2898 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2904 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2905 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2906 * seriously broken system. */
2907 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2908 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2912 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2915 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2919 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2922 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2923 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2928 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2929 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2936 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2941 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2942 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2948 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2951 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2954 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2963 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2964 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2967 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2968 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2971 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2974 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2975 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2976 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2978 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2979 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2982 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2983 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2989 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2992 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2993 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2994 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2996 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2997 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3000 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
3001 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3007 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3011 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3014 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3017 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3018 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3028 if (errno != EINVAL)
3035 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3036 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3037 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3038 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3039 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
3041 static bool prev_ephemeral;
3045 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3046 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3048 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3051 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3064 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3070 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 50);
3078 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3079 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3082 if (!isempty(status)) {
3083 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3084 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3085 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3087 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3090 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3092 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3094 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3100 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3106 va_start(ap, format);
3107 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3113 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3120 const char *e, *word = format;
3125 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3136 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3145 } else if (*e == '$') {
3146 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3162 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3164 k = strappend(r, t);
3178 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3189 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3191 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3193 l = strv_length(argv);
3195 ret = new(char*, l+1);
3199 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3201 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3202 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3207 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3211 r = strv_split_quoted(&m, e);
3223 w = realloc(ret, sizeof(char*) * (l+1));
3233 memcpy(ret + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3241 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3242 ret[k] = replace_env(*i, env);
3254 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3255 struct winsize ws = {};
3257 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3266 unsigned columns(void) {
3270 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3271 return cached_columns;
3274 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3276 (void) safe_atoi(e, &c);
3279 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3288 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3289 struct winsize ws = {};
3291 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3300 unsigned lines(void) {
3304 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3305 return cached_lines;
3308 e = getenv("LINES");
3310 (void) safe_atou(e, &l);
3313 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3319 return cached_lines;
3322 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3323 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3329 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3331 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3332 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3334 return cached_on_tty;
3337 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3340 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3343 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3346 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3347 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3350 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3353 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3360 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3365 assert(percent <= 100);
3366 assert(new_length >= 3);
3368 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3369 return strndup(s, old_length);
3371 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3375 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3377 if (x > new_length - 3)
3385 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3386 new_length - x - 3);
3391 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3395 unsigned k, len, len2;
3398 assert(percent <= 100);
3399 assert(new_length >= 3);
3401 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3402 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3403 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3405 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3406 return strndup(s, old_length);
3408 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3410 if (x > new_length - 3)
3414 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3417 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3420 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3423 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3426 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3429 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3430 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3433 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3437 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3439 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3441 /* make space for ellipsis */
3442 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3445 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3446 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3451 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3452 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3456 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3460 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3465 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3466 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3469 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
3470 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3476 mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
3478 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
3483 r = fchmod(fd, mode);
3488 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1) {
3489 r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
3494 if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
3495 struct timespec ts[2];
3497 timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
3499 r = futimens(fd, ts);
3501 r = futimens(fd, NULL);
3508 int touch(const char *path) {
3509 return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, (uid_t) -1, (gid_t) -1, 0);
3512 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3516 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3517 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3518 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3525 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3526 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3531 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3532 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3535 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3547 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3551 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3559 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3563 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3569 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3580 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3594 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
3595 * process, the process was terminated by a signal, or
3596 * failed for an unknown reason.
3597 * >=0 : The process terminated normally, and its exit code is
3600 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
3601 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
3603 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3610 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3612 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3616 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3617 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3618 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3619 return status.si_status;
3622 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3625 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3626 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3628 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3632 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3636 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3638 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3639 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3647 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3650 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3653 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3659 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3664 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3667 return null_or_empty(&st);
3670 int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
3675 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
3678 return null_or_empty(&st);
3681 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3685 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3687 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3700 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3704 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3706 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3707 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3712 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3713 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3716 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3720 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3721 t = new(char, enc_len);
3725 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3728 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3731 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3734 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3735 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3737 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3738 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3740 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3741 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3743 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3744 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3749 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3752 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3755 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3758 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3761 return streq(tty, "console");
3764 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3769 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3772 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3775 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3778 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3782 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3788 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3791 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3792 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3794 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3797 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3800 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3801 * /dev/console points to */
3802 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3808 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3811 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3812 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3814 tty = *active = tmp;
3821 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3822 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3826 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3829 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3830 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3835 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3838 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3841 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3844 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3847 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3850 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3851 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3852 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3858 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3861 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3862 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3863 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3866 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3869 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3872 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
3878 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
3879 * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. */
3881 executor_pid = fork();
3882 if (executor_pid < 0) {
3883 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3886 } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
3887 _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3888 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *_d = NULL;
3891 /* We fork this all off from a child process so that
3892 * we can somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set
3895 reset_all_signal_handlers();
3896 reset_signal_mask();
3898 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3901 d = _d = opendir(directory);
3903 if (errno == ENOENT)
3904 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3906 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3907 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3911 pids = hashmap_new(NULL);
3914 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3917 FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
3918 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3921 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3924 path = strjoin(directory, "/", de->d_name, NULL);
3927 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3932 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3934 } else if (pid == 0) {
3937 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3947 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3948 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3951 log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
3953 r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
3956 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3962 /* Abort execution of this process after the
3963 * timout. We simply rely on SIGALRM as default action
3964 * terminating the process, and turn on alarm(). */
3966 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
3967 alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
3969 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3970 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3973 pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3976 path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
3979 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid);
3982 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3985 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(directory, executor_pid);
3988 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3991 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
3999 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4005 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4006 if (streq(i, needle))
4012 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4013 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4016 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4025 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4027 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4028 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4029 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4035 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4042 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4049 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4059 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4065 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
4069 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4076 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
4077 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
4088 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4093 bool machine_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
4095 if (!hostname_is_valid(s))
4098 /* Machine names should be useful hostnames, but also be
4099 * useful in unit names, hence we enforce a stricter length
4108 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4109 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4111 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
4116 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4123 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4126 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4128 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4136 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == USEC_INFINITY ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
4143 return pollfd.revents;
4146 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4155 t = tempfn_xxxxxx(path);
4159 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4165 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4178 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4181 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4187 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4188 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
4190 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4194 return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4197 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4201 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4202 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4203 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4205 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4208 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4209 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4210 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4212 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4217 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4218 "\033[H" /* move home */
4219 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4226 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4229 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4236 /* Try to deallocate */
4237 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4241 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4250 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4252 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4257 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4258 "\033[H" /* move home */
4259 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4266 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4267 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4272 t = tempfn_random(to);
4276 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4279 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4287 int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
4288 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4292 t = tempfn_random(path);
4296 if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
4299 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4307 int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
4308 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4312 t = tempfn_random(path);
4316 if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
4319 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4327 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4331 display[0] == ':' &&
4332 display[1] >= '0' &&
4336 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4343 if (!display_is_local(display))
4346 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4348 f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
4352 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4353 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4362 const char **username,
4363 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4365 const char **shell) {
4373 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4374 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4376 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4394 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4398 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4399 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4400 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4401 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4402 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4404 *username = p->pw_name;
4407 p = getpwnam(*username);
4411 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4423 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4428 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4433 return strdup("root");
4437 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4439 if (asprintf(&r, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
4445 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4450 return strdup("root");
4454 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4456 if (asprintf(&r, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
4462 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4468 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4469 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4471 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4472 *groupname = "root";
4480 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4485 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4488 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4492 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4500 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4502 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4504 if (getgid() == gid)
4507 if (getegid() == gid)
4510 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4511 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4513 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4515 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4519 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4526 int in_group(const char *name) {
4530 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4537 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4538 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4544 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4546 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4548 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4551 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4553 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4556 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4557 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4562 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4564 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4566 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4568 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4569 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4571 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4572 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4580 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4586 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4589 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4593 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4594 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4595 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4596 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4597 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4598 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4599 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4605 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4606 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4607 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4608 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4612 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4613 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4625 if (!de && errno != 0)
4630 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4632 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4636 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4637 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4640 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4651 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4657 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4671 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4676 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4700 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4714 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4715 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4717 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4718 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4723 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4730 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4731 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4734 r = access(p, F_OK);
4742 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4743 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4746 r = access(p, F_OK);
4752 /* Get parent dev_t */
4753 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4756 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4762 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4768 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4769 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4772 r = access(p, F_OK);
4776 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4783 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4788 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4792 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4793 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4796 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4797 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4798 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4799 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4800 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4803 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4805 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4806 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4807 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4808 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4809 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4810 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4811 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4814 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4816 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4817 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4818 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4819 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4820 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4821 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4822 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4823 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4824 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4825 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4826 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4827 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4828 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4829 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4830 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4831 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4832 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4833 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4834 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4835 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4836 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4839 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4841 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4842 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4843 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4844 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4846 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4847 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4848 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4849 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4852 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4854 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4855 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4856 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4857 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4858 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4862 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4864 static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
4865 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4866 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4867 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4868 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4869 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4870 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4871 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4872 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4873 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4874 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4875 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4876 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4877 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4878 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4879 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4880 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4883 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4885 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4886 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4887 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4888 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4889 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4892 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4894 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4911 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4922 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4924 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4930 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4932 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4933 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4936 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4940 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4941 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4943 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4948 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4953 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4957 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4961 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4962 signo = (int) u + offset;
4963 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4969 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4970 bool loaded = false;
4973 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4981 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4983 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
4992 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
4999 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5002 static const struct {
5006 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5007 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5008 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5009 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5010 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5014 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5016 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5019 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5020 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5027 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5035 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5048 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5050 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5052 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5053 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5056 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5059 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5060 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5066 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5068 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5070 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5071 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5074 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5077 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5078 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5083 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5084 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5085 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5086 sigset_t ss, saved_ss;
5094 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5097 parent_pid = getpid();
5099 /* First we temporarily block all signals, so that the new
5100 * child has them blocked initially. This way, we can be sure
5101 * that SIGTERMs are not lost we might send to the agent. */
5102 assert_se(sigfillset(&ss) >= 0);
5103 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, &saved_ss) >= 0);
5106 if (agent_pid < 0) {
5107 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5111 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5112 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5119 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5120 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5121 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5123 /* Make sure we actually can kill the agent, if we need to, in
5124 * case somebody invoked us from a shell script that trapped
5125 * SIGTERM or so... */
5126 reset_all_signal_handlers();
5127 reset_signal_mask();
5129 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5130 * to set the death signal and unblock the signals */
5131 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5132 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5134 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5135 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5137 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5138 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5140 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5143 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5144 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5145 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5146 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5147 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5148 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5149 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5150 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5152 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5153 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5157 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5160 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5166 /* Count arguments */
5168 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5173 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5175 /* Fill in arguments */
5177 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5178 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5182 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5185 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5186 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5190 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5196 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5197 * to get as close as we can */
5198 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5200 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5201 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5203 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5209 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5210 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5221 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5223 f = fopen(path, "re");
5231 char line[LINE_MAX];
5234 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5238 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5248 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5249 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5263 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5266 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5269 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5272 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5275 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5278 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5284 bool in_initrd(void) {
5285 static int saved = -1;
5291 /* We make two checks here:
5293 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5294 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5296 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5297 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5298 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5301 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5302 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5303 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5308 void warn_melody(void) {
5309 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5311 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5315 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5317 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5318 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5320 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5321 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5323 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5324 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5326 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5329 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5332 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5334 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, USEC_INFINITY);
5336 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5342 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5349 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5357 /* Take the user specified one */
5358 e = secure_getenv("HOME");
5359 if (e && path_is_absolute(e)) {
5368 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5371 h = strdup("/root");
5379 /* Check the database... */
5383 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5385 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5388 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5396 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5404 /* Take the user specified one */
5405 e = getenv("SHELL");
5415 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5418 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5426 /* Check the database... */
5430 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5432 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5435 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5443 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5457 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5463 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5469 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5470 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5473 if (strchr("\\\"\'\0x7f", *t))
5481 * Check if a string contains control characters. If 'ok' is non-NULL
5482 * it may be a string containing additional CCs to be considered OK.
5484 bool string_has_cc(const char *p, const char *ok) {
5489 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5490 if (ok && strchr(ok, *t))
5493 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5503 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5508 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5511 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5514 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5515 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5518 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5524 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5525 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5526 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5535 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5536 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5539 else if (comparison > 0)
5547 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5549 static int cached_answer = -1;
5551 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5554 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5555 cached_answer = true;
5559 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5561 cached_answer = true;
5565 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5566 cached_answer = true;
5570 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5571 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5572 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5574 cached_answer = true;
5578 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5582 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5583 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5587 return (bool) cached_answer;
5590 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5591 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5594 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5595 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5596 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5597 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5598 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243", /* ‣ */
5599 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217", /* ● */
5600 [DRAW_ARROW] = "\342\206\222", /* → */
5601 [DRAW_DASH] = "\342\200\223", /* – */
5604 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5605 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "| ",
5606 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5607 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5608 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5609 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = ">",
5610 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "*",
5611 [DRAW_ARROW] = "->",
5616 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5619 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5622 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5628 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5629 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5642 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5648 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5649 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5657 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5669 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5670 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5675 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5677 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5683 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5685 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5687 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5691 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5696 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5698 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5699 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5700 else if (*i == '\t')
5707 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5710 } else if (*i == '[') {
5711 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5716 state = STATE_OTHER;
5723 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5724 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5727 state = STATE_OTHER;
5729 } else if (*i == 'm')
5730 state = STATE_OTHER;
5752 int on_ac_power(void) {
5753 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5754 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5756 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5762 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5768 if (!de && errno != 0)
5774 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5777 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5779 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5785 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5787 if (errno == ENOENT)
5793 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5797 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5801 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5803 if (errno == ENOENT)
5809 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5813 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5816 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5817 found_online = true;
5819 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5820 found_offline = true;
5825 return found_online || !found_offline;
5828 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5835 if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
5838 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5839 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5843 p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path, NULL);
5845 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5855 if (errno != ENOENT)
5862 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5863 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5869 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5872 f = fopen(path, mode);
5881 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5885 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
5888 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5889 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5891 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5894 f = fopen(path, mode);
5903 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5907 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
5910 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5917 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5924 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5929 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5938 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5948 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5962 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5970 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5974 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5981 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
5988 if (*allocated >= need)
5991 newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
5992 a = newalloc * size;
5994 /* check for overflows */
5995 if (a < size * need)
6003 *allocated = newalloc;
6007 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6016 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
6020 if (*allocated > prev)
6021 memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
6026 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
6032 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
6034 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6037 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6038 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6039 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6043 } else if (l == 36) {
6045 /* Formatted UUID */
6047 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6050 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
6054 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6055 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6056 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6067 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
6082 a = strndup(s, x - s);
6086 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
6098 int shall_restore_state(void) {
6099 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6100 const char *word, *state;
6104 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6107 if (r == 0) /* Container ... */
6112 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(word, l, line, state) {
6120 e = startswith(n, "systemd.restore_state=");
6124 k = parse_boolean(e);
6132 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
6135 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
6136 char *buf = NULL, *p;
6139 r = read_full_file("/proc/1/cmdline", &buf, &sz);
6143 for (p = buf; p + 1 < buf + sz; p++)
6152 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
6159 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
6160 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6161 const char *w, *state;
6167 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6169 log_warning("Failed to read /proc/cmdline, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
6173 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
6174 char word[l+1], *value;
6179 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6181 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6184 value = strchr(word, '=');
6188 r = parse_item(word, value);
6196 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6197 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6205 p = strappenda("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6206 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6214 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6217 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6227 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6228 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, netnsfd = -1;
6236 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6237 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6245 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6246 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6254 netns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/net");
6255 netnsfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6263 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6264 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6270 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6273 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6276 *netns_fd = netnsfd;
6281 pidnsfd = mntnsfd = netnsfd = -1;
6286 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd) {
6289 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6293 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6297 if (setns(netns_fd, CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
6301 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6304 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6308 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6311 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
6314 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6320 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6321 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6326 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6329 return errno != ESRCH;
6332 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6335 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6340 r = get_process_state(pid);
6341 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6347 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6348 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6355 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6359 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6362 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6363 * to namespacing issues */
6371 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6383 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6387 if (errno != ERANGE)
6394 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6410 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6411 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6412 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6419 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6426 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6433 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6434 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6439 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6440 p = strappenda(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6442 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6450 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6453 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6456 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6457 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6459 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6460 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6462 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6463 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6468 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
6470 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6471 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6472 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6473 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6474 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6475 * used by libseccomp. */
6477 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6479 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6482 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6485 #elif defined(__i386__)
6487 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6491 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6492 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6493 * as error indicator. */
6494 return 0xffffffffUL;
6497 const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
6499 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6501 if (p == PER_LINUX32)
6507 #elif defined(__i386__)
6516 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
6519 /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
6520 * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
6522 mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
6525 return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
6528 char* mount_test_option(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
6530 struct mntent me = {
6531 .mnt_opts = (char*) haystack
6536 /* Like glibc's hasmntopt(), but works on a string, not a
6542 return hasmntopt(&me, needle);
6545 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
6546 const uint8_t *b = p;
6549 assert(s == 0 || b);
6554 fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
6556 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6561 fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
6569 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6574 fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
6588 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
6593 r = write_string_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, param);
6595 log_error("Failed to write reboot param to "
6596 REBOOT_PARAM_FILE": %s", strerror(-r));
6598 unlink(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE);
6603 int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
6607 /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
6608 * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
6609 * unmounting them until they are gone. */
6612 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6617 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6618 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6622 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
6625 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6626 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6627 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6628 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6629 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6630 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6631 "%*s" /* (6) mount options */
6632 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6633 "- " /* (8) separator */
6634 "%*s " /* (9) file system type */
6635 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6636 "%*s" /* (11) mount options 2 */
6637 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6646 p = cunescape(path);
6650 if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
6653 if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
6669 int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
6670 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
6671 _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
6674 /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
6675 * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
6676 * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
6677 * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
6678 * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
6679 * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
6680 * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
6681 * the same mount point we only care for each individual
6682 * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
6683 * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
6684 * have any effect on future submounts that might get
6685 * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
6686 * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
6688 cleaned = strdup(prefix);
6692 path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
6694 done = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6699 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6700 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
6701 bool top_autofs = false;
6704 todo = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6708 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6709 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6713 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
6716 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6717 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6718 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6719 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6720 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6721 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6722 "%*s" /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
6723 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6724 "- " /* (8) separator */
6725 "%ms " /* (9) file system type */
6726 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6727 "%*s" /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
6728 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6738 p = cunescape(path);
6742 /* Let's ignore autofs mounts. If they aren't
6743 * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
6744 * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
6745 * future submounts anyway. If they are
6746 * already triggered, then we will find
6747 * another entry for this. */
6748 if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
6749 top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
6753 if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
6754 !set_contains(done, p)) {
6756 r = set_consume(todo, p);
6766 /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
6767 * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
6769 if (set_isempty(todo) &&
6770 (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
6773 if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
6774 !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
6775 /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
6776 * mount, make it one. */
6777 if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
6780 if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
6783 x = strdup(cleaned);
6787 r = set_consume(done, x);
6792 while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
6794 r = set_consume(done, x);
6800 if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
6802 /* Deal with mount points that are
6803 * obstructed by a later mount */
6805 if (errno != ENOENT)
6813 int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
6820 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
6825 char *tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p) {
6832 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 6 + 1);
6839 strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn), "XXXXXX");
6844 char *tempfn_random(const char *p) {
6853 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 16 + 1);
6860 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn);
6863 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6864 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
6873 /* make sure the hostname is not "localhost" */
6874 bool is_localhost(const char *hostname) {
6877 /* This tries to identify local host and domain names
6878 * described in RFC6761 plus the redhatism of .localdomain */
6880 return streq(hostname, "localhost") ||
6881 streq(hostname, "localhost.") ||
6882 streq(hostname, "localdomain.") ||
6883 streq(hostname, "localdomain") ||
6884 endswith(hostname, ".localhost") ||
6885 endswith(hostname, ".localhost.") ||
6886 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain") ||
6887 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain.");
6890 int take_password_lock(const char *root) {
6892 struct flock flock = {
6894 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
6902 /* This is roughly the same as lckpwdf(), but not as awful. We
6903 * don't want to use alarm() and signals, hence we implement
6904 * our own trivial version of this.
6906 * Note that shadow-utils also takes per-database locks in
6907 * addition to lckpwdf(). However, we don't given that they
6908 * are redundant as they they invoke lckpwdf() first and keep
6909 * it during everything they do. The per-database locks are
6910 * awfully racy, and thus we just won't do them. */
6913 path = strappenda(root, "/etc/.pwd.lock");
6915 path = "/etc/.pwd.lock";
6917 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600);
6921 r = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &flock);
6930 int is_symlink(const char *path) {
6933 if (lstat(path, &info) < 0)
6936 if (S_ISLNK(info.st_mode))
6942 int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret) {
6943 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
6944 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
6951 SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
6953 DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
6961 /* Parses the first word of a string, and returns it in
6962 * *ret. Removes all quotes in the process. When parsing fails
6963 * (because of an uneven number of quotes or similar), leaves
6964 * the pointer *p at the first invalid character. */
6974 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
6984 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
6986 state = VALUE_ESCAPE;
6988 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
6989 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
6992 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7004 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7018 state = SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7020 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7028 case SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7032 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7036 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7045 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7047 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7055 case DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7059 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7063 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7069 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7091 int unquote_many_words(const char **p, ...) {
7096 /* Parses a number of words from a string, stripping any
7097 * quotes if necessary. */
7101 /* Count how many words are expected */
7104 if (!va_arg(ap, char **))
7113 /* Read all words into a temporary array */
7114 l = newa0(char*, n);
7115 for (c = 0; c < n; c++) {
7117 r = unquote_first_word(p, &l[c]);
7121 for (j = 0; j < c; j++)
7131 /* If we managed to parse all words, return them in the passed
7134 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
7137 v = va_arg(ap, char **);
7147 int free_and_strdup(char **p, const char *s) {
7152 /* Replaces a string pointer with an strdup()ed new string,
7153 * possibly freeing the old one. */