1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
57 #include <linux/magic.h>
71 #include "path-util.h"
72 #include "exit-status.h"
76 #include "device-nodes.h"
83 char **saved_argv = NULL;
85 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
86 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
88 size_t page_size(void) {
89 static __thread size_t pgsz = 0;
92 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
95 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
102 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
104 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
115 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
122 pl = strlen(postfix);
125 return (char*) s + sl;
130 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
133 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
136 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
151 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
155 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
158 int close_nointr(int fd) {
164 /* Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong
165 * thing to do on Linux.
167 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
168 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
169 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
170 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
172 if (_unlikely_(r < 0 && errno == EINTR))
180 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
183 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
186 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
189 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
192 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
194 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
195 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
198 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
209 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
212 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
214 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
220 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
221 unsigned long ul = 0;
228 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
234 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
244 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
245 unsigned long ul = 0;
252 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
258 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
265 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
273 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
275 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
276 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
278 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
281 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
285 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
293 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
295 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
296 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
298 if ((long) (int) l != l)
305 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
307 unsigned long long l;
313 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
315 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
316 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
322 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
330 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
332 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
333 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
339 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
346 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
351 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
352 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
358 /* Split a string into words. */
359 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
362 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
364 if (!*current || *c == 0)
367 current += strspn(current, separator);
368 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
371 return (char*) current;
374 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
375 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
376 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
377 const char *current, *e;
378 bool escaped = false;
384 current = *state ? *state : c;
386 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
391 else if (*current == '\'') {
394 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
404 *state = (char*) (*e == 0 ? e : e+1);
406 } else if (*current == '\"') {
409 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
419 *state = (char*) (*e == 0 ? e : e+1);
422 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
427 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
434 return (char*) current;
437 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
439 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
452 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
457 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
458 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
462 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
463 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
464 * skip over it manually */
466 p = strrchr(line, ')');
478 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
481 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
486 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
487 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
495 p = "/proc/self/stat";
497 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
501 return errno == ENOENT ? -ESRCH : -errno;
503 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
510 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
511 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
512 * skip over it manually */
514 p = strrchr(line, ')');
536 "%*d " /* priority */
538 "%*d " /* num_threads */
539 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
540 "%llu " /* starttime */,
547 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
552 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
558 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
561 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
565 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
573 p = "/proc/self/comm";
575 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
577 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
584 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
585 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
594 p = "/proc/self/cmdline";
596 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
602 if (max_length == 0) {
603 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
605 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
607 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
612 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
622 r = new(char, max_length);
628 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
650 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
657 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
658 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
659 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
667 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
671 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
680 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
692 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
697 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
701 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
704 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
709 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
716 p = "/proc/self/status";
718 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
720 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
723 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
732 p = "/proc/self/exe";
734 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
736 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
738 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
740 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
747 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
748 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
758 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
763 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
768 if (startswith(l, field)) {
770 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
772 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
774 return parse_uid(l, uid);
781 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
782 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
785 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
786 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
787 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
790 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
798 return strndup(suffix, b);
807 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
810 r = new(char, a+b+1);
815 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
821 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
822 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
825 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
835 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
838 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
844 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
855 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
856 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
863 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
867 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
875 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
882 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
886 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
893 path_kill_slashes(*r);
898 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
901 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
902 struct sigaction sa = {
903 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
904 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
907 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
910 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
911 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
912 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
920 char *strstrip(char *s) {
923 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
924 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
926 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
928 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
929 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
937 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
940 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
942 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
954 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
961 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
967 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
974 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
975 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
978 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
979 return strdup(filename);
981 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
982 return strdup(filename);
984 k = strlen(filename);
985 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
988 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
989 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
994 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1003 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1004 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1010 /* Skip last component */
1011 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1014 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1015 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1021 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1024 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1033 if (errno != ENOENT)
1040 char hexchar(int x) {
1041 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1043 return table[x & 15];
1046 int unhexchar(char c) {
1048 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1051 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1052 return c - 'a' + 10;
1054 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1055 return c - 'A' + 10;
1060 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1064 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1068 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1069 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1070 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1077 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1083 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1087 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1090 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1092 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1096 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1103 char octchar(int x) {
1104 return '0' + (x & 7);
1107 int unoctchar(char c) {
1109 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1115 char decchar(int x) {
1116 return '0' + (x % 10);
1119 int undecchar(char c) {
1121 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1127 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1133 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1135 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1139 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1185 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1186 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1187 * g_strescape() does the same */
1188 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1190 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1191 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1192 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1203 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1210 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1212 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1214 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1219 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1221 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1264 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1269 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1272 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1273 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1275 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1276 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1280 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1295 /* octal encoding */
1298 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1299 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1300 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1302 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1303 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1307 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1315 /* premature end of string.*/
1320 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1332 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1333 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1336 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1339 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1342 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1346 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1347 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1350 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1354 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1356 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1357 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1360 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1361 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1371 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1376 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1377 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1378 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1383 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1387 filename[0] == '.' ||
1388 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1389 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1390 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1391 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1392 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1393 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1394 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1395 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1396 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1399 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1402 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1405 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1408 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1413 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1417 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1419 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1421 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1427 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1432 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1436 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1438 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1440 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1446 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1449 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1451 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1458 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1463 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1465 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1470 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1471 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1474 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1475 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1477 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1480 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1481 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1488 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1491 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1494 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1495 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1504 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1507 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1508 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1509 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1518 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1521 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1522 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1529 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1530 static const char table[] =
1540 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1544 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1546 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1552 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1556 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1559 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1562 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1568 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1569 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1571 char line[LINE_MAX];
1576 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1577 new_termios = old_termios;
1579 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1580 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1581 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1583 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1586 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
1587 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1588 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1593 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1595 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1601 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1608 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
1609 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1612 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1617 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1627 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1637 bool need_nl = true;
1640 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1647 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1651 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
1654 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1655 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1666 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1671 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1675 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1676 struct termios termios;
1679 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1683 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1684 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1685 * interfere with that. */
1687 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1688 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1690 /* Switch to text mode */
1692 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1694 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1695 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1697 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1702 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1703 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1704 * else will do that for us */
1706 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1707 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1708 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1709 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1710 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1712 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1713 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1714 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1715 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1716 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1717 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1718 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1719 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1720 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1721 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1722 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1723 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1724 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1726 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1727 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1729 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1733 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1734 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1739 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1742 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1746 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1747 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1752 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1757 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1758 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1759 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1760 * retrying a couple of times.
1762 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1765 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1768 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1775 /* Max 1s in total */
1779 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1788 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1793 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1800 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1801 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1811 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1821 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1827 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1836 int acquire_terminal(
1840 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1843 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1848 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1849 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1850 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1852 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1853 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1854 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1855 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1856 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1857 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1858 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1859 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1861 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
1862 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1864 if (!fail && !force) {
1865 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1871 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1879 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1880 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1881 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1885 r = flush_fd(notify);
1890 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1891 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1892 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1893 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1897 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1898 * if we already own the tty. */
1899 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1901 /* First, try to get the tty */
1902 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
1905 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1907 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
1908 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
1909 * are have this controlling terminal. */
1910 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
1913 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
1922 assert(notify >= 0);
1925 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
1927 struct inotify_event *e;
1929 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) {
1932 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1933 if (ts + timeout < n) {
1938 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
1948 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
1951 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
1958 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
1963 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
1968 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
1969 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
1971 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
1978 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
1979 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
1980 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
1981 * an endless loop. */
1982 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1986 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
1988 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1990 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
1996 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1999 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2004 int release_terminal(void) {
2006 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2007 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2008 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2010 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2012 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2016 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2017 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2018 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2020 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2023 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2028 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2033 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2034 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2041 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2042 struct sigaction sa = {
2043 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2044 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2050 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2054 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2055 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2062 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2063 struct sigaction sa = {
2064 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2065 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2070 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2074 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2075 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2082 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2088 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2093 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2097 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2100 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2109 while (nbytes > 0) {
2112 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2114 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2117 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2118 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2123 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2127 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2130 /* We knowingly ignore the revents value here,
2131 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2132 * via read()/write()
2138 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2149 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2158 while (nbytes > 0) {
2161 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2164 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2167 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2168 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2173 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2177 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2180 /* We knowingly ignore the revents value here,
2181 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2182 * via read()/write()
2188 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2199 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
2200 static const struct {
2202 unsigned long long factor;
2206 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2207 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2208 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2209 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2210 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2215 unsigned long long r = 0;
2227 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2238 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2240 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2241 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2242 unsigned long long tmp;
2243 if ((unsigned long long) l > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2245 tmp = l * table[i].factor;
2246 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2250 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2253 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2257 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2267 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2272 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2273 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2274 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2277 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2279 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2282 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2287 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2290 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2294 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2297 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2299 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2300 * sysfs or in /dev */
2303 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2304 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2307 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2308 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2317 union dirent_storage buf;
2319 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2326 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2331 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2332 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2349 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
2350 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2354 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2358 r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
2359 if (r != sizeof(ull))
2365 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2368 unsigned random_u(void) {
2369 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2373 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2377 r = loop_read(fd, &u, sizeof(u), true);
2384 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2387 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2390 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2391 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2392 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2393 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2394 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2395 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2398 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2400 if (program_invocation_name)
2401 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2403 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2407 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2409 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2413 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2418 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2425 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2426 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2430 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2433 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2435 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2436 return strdup(u.nodename);
2438 return strdup(u.sysname);
2441 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2444 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2446 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2449 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2452 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2453 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2455 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2457 return strdup("root");
2459 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2463 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2467 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2468 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2470 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
2476 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2480 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2485 return lookup_uid(uid);
2488 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2495 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2498 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2499 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2504 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2510 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2518 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2522 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2526 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2528 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2535 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2536 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
2537 char line[LINE_MAX], *p;
2538 unsigned long ttynr;
2544 fn = "/proc/self/stat";
2546 fn = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2548 f = fopen(fn, "re");
2552 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
2553 return feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
2555 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2565 "%*d " /* session */
2570 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2579 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2581 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *s, *b, *p;
2586 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2590 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2592 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2598 /* This is an ugly hack */
2599 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2600 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
2610 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2611 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2612 * vaguely useful. */
2625 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2627 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2645 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2651 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2652 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2656 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2658 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2663 union dirent_storage buf;
2664 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2668 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2669 if (r != 0 && ret == 0) {
2677 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2680 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2682 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2683 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2684 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2689 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2692 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2693 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2695 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2696 keep_around = false;
2702 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2703 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2706 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2707 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2708 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2709 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2714 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2715 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2719 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2720 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2724 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2726 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2727 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2738 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2741 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2742 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2745 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2750 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2751 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2755 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2756 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2758 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2759 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2760 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2764 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2767 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2773 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2774 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2775 * seriously broken system. */
2776 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2777 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2781 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2784 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2788 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2791 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2792 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2797 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2798 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2805 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2806 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2810 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2811 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2812 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2817 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2820 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2823 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2832 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2833 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2836 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2837 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2840 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2843 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2844 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2845 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2847 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2848 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2851 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2852 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2858 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2861 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2862 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2863 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2865 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2866 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
2869 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2870 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
2876 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
2880 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
2883 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
2886 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
2887 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
2897 if (errno != EINVAL)
2904 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
2905 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
2906 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2907 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2908 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
2910 static bool prev_ephemeral;
2914 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
2915 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
2917 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
2920 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2933 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
2939 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
2947 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
2948 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
2951 if (!isempty(status)) {
2952 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
2953 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
2954 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
2956 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
2959 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
2961 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
2963 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
2969 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
2975 va_start(ap, format);
2976 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
2982 int status_welcome(void) {
2983 _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
2986 r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
2987 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
2988 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
2991 if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
2992 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
2994 return status_printf(NULL, false, false,
2995 "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
2996 isempty(ansi_color) ? "1" : ansi_color,
2997 isempty(pretty_name) ? "Linux" : pretty_name);
3000 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3007 const char *e, *word = format;
3012 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3023 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3032 } else if (*e == '$') {
3033 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3049 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3051 k = strappend(r, t);
3065 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3076 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3078 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3080 l = strv_length(argv);
3082 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3085 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3087 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3088 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3093 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3096 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3107 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3116 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3124 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3125 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3135 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3136 struct winsize ws = {};
3138 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3147 unsigned columns(void) {
3151 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3152 return cached_columns;
3155 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3160 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3169 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3170 struct winsize ws = {};
3172 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3181 unsigned lines(void) {
3185 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3186 return cached_lines;
3189 e = getenv("LINES");
3194 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3200 return cached_lines;
3203 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3204 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3210 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3212 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3213 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3215 return cached_on_tty;
3218 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3219 struct stat a = {}, b = {};
3221 /* Only works as root */
3222 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3225 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3229 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3230 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3233 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3238 assert(percent <= 100);
3239 assert(new_length >= 3);
3241 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3242 return strndup(s, old_length);
3244 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3248 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3250 if (x > new_length - 3)
3258 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3259 new_length - x - 3);
3264 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3268 unsigned k, len, len2;
3271 assert(percent <= 100);
3272 assert(new_length >= 3);
3274 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3275 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3276 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3278 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3279 return strndup(s, old_length);
3281 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3283 if (x > new_length - 3)
3287 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3290 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3293 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3296 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3299 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3302 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3303 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3306 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3310 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3312 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3314 /* make space for ellipsis */
3315 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3318 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3319 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3324 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3325 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3329 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3333 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3338 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3339 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3342 int touch(const char *path) {
3347 /* This just opens the file for writing, ensuring it
3348 * exists. It doesn't call utimensat() the way /usr/bin/touch
3351 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
3355 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3359 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3363 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3364 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3365 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3372 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3373 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3378 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3379 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3382 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3394 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3398 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3406 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3410 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3416 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3427 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3439 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3446 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3448 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3452 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3453 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3454 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3455 return status.si_status;
3458 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3461 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3462 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3464 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3468 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3472 _noreturn_ void freeze(void) {
3474 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3475 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3483 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3486 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3489 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3495 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3500 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3503 return null_or_empty(&st);
3506 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3510 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3512 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3518 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
3525 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3529 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3531 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3532 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3537 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3538 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3542 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3546 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3547 t = new(char, enc_len);
3551 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3554 if (asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-%s/%s", by, t) < 0)
3560 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3563 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3564 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3566 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3567 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3569 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3570 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3572 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3573 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3578 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3581 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3584 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3587 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3590 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3593 return streq(tty, "console");
3596 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3601 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3604 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3607 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3610 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3614 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3620 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3623 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3624 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3626 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3629 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3632 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3633 * /dev/console points to */
3634 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3640 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3643 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3644 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3646 tty = *active = tmp;
3653 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3654 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3658 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3661 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3662 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3667 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3670 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3673 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3676 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3679 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3682 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3683 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3684 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3690 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3693 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3694 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3695 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3698 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3701 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3704 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
3707 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3711 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and
3712 * waits for them to finish. */
3715 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
3717 if (errno == ENOENT)
3720 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3727 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
3728 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
3732 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
3737 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3740 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
3745 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
3746 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3764 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3765 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3768 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
3770 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
3771 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
3776 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3777 pid_t pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3781 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
3786 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
3790 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
3791 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status, NULL)) {
3792 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
3793 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
3795 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
3797 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
3808 hashmap_free_free(pids);
3811 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3814 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
3822 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
3828 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
3829 if (streq(i, needle))
3835 bool plymouth_running(void) {
3836 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
3839 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
3848 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
3850 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
3851 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
3852 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
3858 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
3865 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3872 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
3882 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
3888 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
3892 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3899 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
3900 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
3911 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
3916 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
3918 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3920 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
3923 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
3930 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
3933 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
3935 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3940 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? -1 : (int) (t / USEC_PER_MSEC));
3947 return pollfd.revents;
3950 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
3961 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
3965 fn = basename(path);
3969 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
3971 fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
3977 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
3990 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
3993 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
3999 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4002 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4006 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4007 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4012 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4016 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4017 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4018 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4020 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4023 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4024 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4025 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4027 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4032 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4033 "\033[H" /* move home */
4034 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4036 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4041 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4044 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4051 /* Try to deallocate */
4052 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4056 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4057 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4065 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4067 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4072 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4073 "\033[H" /* move home */
4074 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4076 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4081 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to, int flags) {
4082 _cleanup_close_ int fdf = -1;
4088 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
4092 fdt = open(to, flags|O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
4100 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
4114 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
4116 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
4125 r = close_nointr(fdt);
4135 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4137 _cleanup_free_ char *t;
4140 unsigned long long ull;
4147 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
4155 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
4158 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
4159 *(x++) = hexchar(ull & 0xF);
4165 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4168 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4177 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4181 display[0] == ':' &&
4182 display[1] >= '0' &&
4186 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4193 if (!display_is_local(display))
4196 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4198 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
4202 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4203 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4212 const char **username,
4213 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4215 const char **shell) {
4223 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4224 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4226 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4244 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4248 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4249 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4250 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4251 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4252 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4254 *username = p->pw_name;
4257 p = getpwnam(*username);
4261 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4273 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4278 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4283 return strdup("root");
4287 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4289 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
4295 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4300 return strdup("root");
4304 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4306 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) gid) < 0)
4312 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4318 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4319 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4321 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4322 *groupname = "root";
4330 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4335 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4338 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4342 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4350 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4352 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4354 if (getgid() == gid)
4357 if (getegid() == gid)
4360 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4361 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4363 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4365 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4369 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4376 int in_group(const char *name) {
4380 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4387 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4388 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4394 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4396 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4398 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4401 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4403 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4406 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4407 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4412 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4414 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4416 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4418 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4419 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4421 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4422 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4430 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4436 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4439 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4443 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4444 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4445 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4446 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4447 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4448 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4449 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4455 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
4457 _cleanup_free_ char *parent = NULL;
4460 r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
4464 STRV_FOREACH(i, search)
4465 if (path_equal(parent, *i))
4471 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4472 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4473 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4474 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4478 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4479 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4488 union dirent_storage buf;
4491 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
4498 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4500 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4504 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4505 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4508 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4519 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4525 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4539 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4544 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4568 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4582 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4583 static __thread int cached = 0;
4585 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4586 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4591 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4598 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4599 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4602 r = access(p, F_OK);
4610 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4611 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4614 r = access(p, F_OK);
4620 /* Get parent dev_t */
4621 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4624 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4630 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4636 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4637 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4640 r = access(p, F_OK);
4644 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4651 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4656 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4660 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4661 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4664 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4665 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4666 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4667 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4668 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4671 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4673 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4674 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4675 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4676 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4677 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4678 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4679 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4682 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4684 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4685 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4686 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4687 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4688 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4689 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4690 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4691 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4692 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4693 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4694 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4695 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4696 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4697 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4698 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4699 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4700 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4701 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4702 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4703 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4704 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4707 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4709 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4710 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4711 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4712 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4714 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4715 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4716 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4717 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4720 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4722 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4723 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4724 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4725 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4726 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4730 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4732 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
4733 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4734 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4735 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4736 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4737 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4738 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4739 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4740 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4741 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4742 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4743 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4744 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4745 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4746 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4747 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4748 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4751 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4753 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4754 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4755 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4756 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4757 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4760 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4762 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4779 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4790 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4792 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4798 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4800 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4801 static __thread char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4804 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4808 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4809 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4811 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4816 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4821 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4825 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4829 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4830 signo = (int) u + offset;
4831 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4837 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4838 bool loaded = false;
4841 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4849 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
4867 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4869 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
4878 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
4885 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
4888 static const struct {
4892 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4893 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4894 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4895 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4896 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
4900 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
4902 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
4905 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
4906 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
4913 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
4921 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
4934 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4936 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4938 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
4940 l == sizeof(value) &&
4941 (size_t) value >= n*2)
4945 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
4952 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4954 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4956 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
4958 l == sizeof(value) &&
4959 (size_t) value >= n*2)
4963 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
4970 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
4971 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
4973 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
4981 parent_pid = getpid();
4983 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
4990 if (agent_pid != 0) {
4997 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
4998 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
4999 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5001 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5002 * to set the death signal */
5003 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5004 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5006 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5007 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5009 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5010 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5012 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5013 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5014 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5015 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5016 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5017 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5018 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5019 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5020 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5022 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5023 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5027 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5030 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5036 /* Count arguments */
5038 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5043 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5045 /* Fill in arguments */
5047 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5048 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5052 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5055 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5056 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5060 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5066 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5067 * to get as close as we can */
5068 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5070 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5071 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5073 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5079 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5080 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5092 path = "/proc/self/environ";
5094 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5096 f = fopen(path, "re");
5104 char line[LINE_MAX];
5107 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5111 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5121 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5122 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5136 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5139 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5142 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5145 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5148 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5151 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5157 bool in_initrd(void) {
5158 static __thread int saved = -1;
5164 /* We make two checks here:
5166 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5167 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5169 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5170 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5171 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5174 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5175 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5176 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5181 void warn_melody(void) {
5182 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5184 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5188 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5190 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5191 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5193 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5194 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5196 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5197 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5199 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5202 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5205 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5207 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1);
5209 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5215 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5222 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5230 /* Take the user specified one */
5241 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5244 h = strdup("/root");
5252 /* Check the database... */
5256 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5258 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5261 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5269 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5283 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5289 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5294 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5295 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5298 if (strchr("\\\"\'", *t))
5306 * Check if a string contains control characters.
5307 * Spaces and tabs are not considered control characters.
5309 bool string_has_cc(const char *p) {
5314 for (t = p; *t; t++)
5315 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ' && *t != '\t')
5321 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5326 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5329 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5332 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5333 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5336 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5342 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5343 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5344 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5353 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5354 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5357 else if (comparison > 0)
5365 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5367 static int cached_answer = -1;
5369 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5372 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5373 cached_answer = true;
5377 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5379 cached_answer = true;
5383 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5384 cached_answer = true;
5388 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5389 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5390 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5392 cached_answer = true;
5396 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5400 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5401 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5405 return (bool) cached_answer;
5408 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5409 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5411 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5412 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5413 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5414 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5415 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243 ", /* ‣ */
5416 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217 ", /* ● */
5418 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5419 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "| ",
5420 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5421 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5422 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5423 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "> ",
5424 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "* ",
5428 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5431 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5434 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5440 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5441 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5454 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5460 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5461 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5469 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5481 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5482 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5487 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5489 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5495 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5497 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5499 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5503 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5508 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5510 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5511 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5512 else if (*i == '\t')
5519 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5522 } else if (*i == '[') {
5523 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5528 state = STATE_OTHER;
5535 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5536 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5539 state = STATE_OTHER;
5541 } else if (*i == 'm')
5542 state = STATE_OTHER;
5564 int on_ac_power(void) {
5565 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5566 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5568 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5574 union dirent_storage buf;
5575 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5580 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
5587 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5590 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5592 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5598 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5600 if (errno == ENOENT)
5606 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5610 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5613 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5614 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5616 if (errno == ENOENT)
5622 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5626 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5629 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5630 found_online = true;
5632 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5633 found_offline = true;
5638 return found_online || !found_offline;
5641 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5648 if (!path_strv_canonicalize_uniq(search))
5651 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5652 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5655 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5665 if (errno != ENOENT)
5672 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5673 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5679 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5682 f = fopen(path, mode);
5691 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5695 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, copy, _f);
5698 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5699 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5701 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5704 f = fopen(path, mode);
5713 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5717 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, s, _f);
5720 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5727 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5734 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5739 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5748 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5758 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5772 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5780 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5784 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5791 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need) {
5797 if (*allocated >= need)
5800 a = MAX(64u, need * 2);
5810 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need) {
5811 size_t prev = *allocated;
5814 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need);
5818 if (*allocated > prev)
5819 memset(&q[prev], 0, *allocated - prev);
5824 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
5830 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
5832 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5835 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5836 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5837 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5841 } else if (l == 36) {
5843 /* Formatted UUID */
5845 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5848 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
5852 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5853 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5854 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5865 void parse_user_at_host(char *arg, char **user, char **host) {
5870 *host = strchr(arg, '@');
5879 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
5894 a = strndup(s, x - s);
5898 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
5910 int shall_restore_state(void) {
5911 _cleanup_free_ char *line;
5916 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
5919 if (r == 0) /* Container ... */
5922 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state)
5923 if (l == 23 && strneq(w, "systemd.restore_state=0", 23))
5929 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
5932 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
5937 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);