1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
57 #include <linux/magic.h>
61 #include <sys/personality.h>
65 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
76 #include "path-util.h"
77 #include "exit-status.h"
81 #include "device-nodes.h"
88 char **saved_argv = NULL;
90 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
91 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
93 size_t page_size(void) {
94 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
97 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
100 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
107 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
109 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
120 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
127 pl = strlen(postfix);
130 return (char*) s + sl;
135 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
138 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
141 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
156 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
160 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
163 int close_nointr(int fd) {
169 /* Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong
170 * thing to do on Linux.
172 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
173 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
174 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
175 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
177 if (_unlikely_(r < 0 && errno == EINTR))
185 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
188 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
191 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
194 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
197 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
199 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
200 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
203 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
214 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
217 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
219 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
225 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
226 unsigned long ul = 0;
233 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
239 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
249 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
250 unsigned long ul = 0;
257 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
263 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
270 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
278 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
280 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
281 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
283 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
286 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
290 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
298 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
300 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
301 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
303 if ((long) (int) l != l)
310 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
312 unsigned long long l;
318 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
320 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
321 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
327 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
335 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
337 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
338 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
344 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
351 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
356 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
357 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
363 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
364 bool escaped = false;
367 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
370 else if (s[n] == '\\')
372 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
378 /* Split a string into words. */
379 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted, char **state) {
382 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
384 if (!*current || *c == 0)
387 current += strspn(current, separator);
391 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
392 char quotechar = *(current++);
393 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, (char[]){quotechar, '\0'});
394 *state = current+*l+1;
396 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
399 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
403 return (char*) current;
406 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
408 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
420 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
421 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
425 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
426 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
427 * skip over it manually */
429 p = strrchr(line, ')');
441 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
444 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
449 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
451 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
457 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
458 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
462 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
463 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
464 * skip over it manually */
466 p = strrchr(line, ')');
488 "%*d " /* priority */
490 "%*d " /* num_threads */
491 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
492 "%llu " /* starttime */,
499 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
504 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
510 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
513 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
517 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
521 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
525 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
526 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
530 p = strrchr(line, ')');
536 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
539 return (unsigned char) state;
542 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
549 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
551 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
558 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
559 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
567 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
573 if (max_length == 0) {
574 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
576 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
578 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
583 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
593 r = new(char, max_length);
599 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
621 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
628 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
629 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
630 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
638 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
642 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
651 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
663 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
668 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
672 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
675 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
680 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
686 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
688 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
691 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
699 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
701 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
703 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
705 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
712 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
713 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
723 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
728 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
733 if (startswith(l, field)) {
735 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
737 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
739 return parse_uid(l, uid);
746 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
747 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
750 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
751 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
752 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
755 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
763 return strndup(suffix, b);
772 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
775 r = new(char, a+b+1);
780 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
786 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
787 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
790 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
805 n = readlink(p, c, l-1);
812 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
823 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
824 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
831 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
835 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
843 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
850 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
854 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
861 path_kill_slashes(*r);
866 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
869 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
870 struct sigaction sa = {
871 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
872 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
875 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
878 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
879 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
880 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
888 char *strstrip(char *s) {
891 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
892 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
894 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
896 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
897 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
905 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
908 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
910 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
922 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
929 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
935 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
942 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
943 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
946 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
947 return strdup(filename);
949 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
950 return strdup(filename);
952 k = strlen(filename);
953 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
956 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
957 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
962 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
971 /* Skip trailing slashes */
972 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
978 /* Skip last component */
979 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
982 /* Skip trailing slashes */
983 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
989 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
992 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1001 if (errno != ENOENT)
1008 char hexchar(int x) {
1009 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1011 return table[x & 15];
1014 int unhexchar(char c) {
1016 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1019 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1020 return c - 'a' + 10;
1022 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1023 return c - 'A' + 10;
1028 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1032 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1036 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1037 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1038 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1045 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1051 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1055 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1058 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1060 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1064 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1071 char octchar(int x) {
1072 return '0' + (x & 7);
1075 int unoctchar(char c) {
1077 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1083 char decchar(int x) {
1084 return '0' + (x % 10);
1087 int undecchar(char c) {
1089 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1095 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1101 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1103 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1107 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1153 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1154 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1155 * g_strescape() does the same */
1156 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1158 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1159 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1160 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1171 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1178 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1180 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1182 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1187 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1189 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1232 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1237 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1240 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1241 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1243 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1244 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1248 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1263 /* octal encoding */
1266 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1267 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1268 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1270 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1271 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1275 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1283 /* premature end of string.*/
1288 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1300 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1301 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1304 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1307 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1310 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1314 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1315 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1318 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1322 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1324 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1325 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1328 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1329 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1339 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1344 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1345 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1346 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1351 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1355 filename[0] == '.' ||
1356 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1357 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1358 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1359 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1360 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1361 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1362 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1363 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1364 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1367 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1370 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1373 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1376 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1381 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1385 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1387 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1389 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1395 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1400 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1404 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1406 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1408 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1414 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1417 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1419 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1426 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1431 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1433 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1438 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1439 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1442 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1443 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1445 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1448 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1449 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1456 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1459 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1462 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1463 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1472 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1475 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1476 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1477 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1486 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1489 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1490 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1497 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1498 static const char table[] =
1508 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1512 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1514 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1520 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1524 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1527 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1530 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1536 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1537 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1539 char line[LINE_MAX];
1544 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1545 new_termios = old_termios;
1547 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1548 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1549 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1551 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1554 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
1555 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1556 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1561 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1563 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1569 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1576 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
1577 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1580 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1585 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1595 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1605 bool need_nl = true;
1608 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1615 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1619 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
1622 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1623 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1634 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1639 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1643 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1644 struct termios termios;
1647 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1651 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1652 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1653 * interfere with that. */
1655 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1656 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1658 /* Switch to text mode */
1660 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1662 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1663 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1665 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1670 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1671 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1672 * else will do that for us */
1674 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1675 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1676 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1677 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1678 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1680 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1681 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1682 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1683 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1684 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1685 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1686 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1687 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1688 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1689 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1690 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1691 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1692 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1694 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1695 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1697 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1701 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1702 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1707 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1710 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1714 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1715 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1720 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1725 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1726 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1727 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1728 * retrying a couple of times.
1730 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1733 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1736 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1743 /* Max 1s in total */
1747 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1756 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1761 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1768 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1769 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1779 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1789 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1795 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1804 int acquire_terminal(
1808 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1811 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1816 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1817 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1818 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1820 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1821 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1822 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1823 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1824 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1825 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1826 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1827 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1829 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
1830 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1832 if (!fail && !force) {
1833 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1839 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1847 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1848 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1849 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1853 r = flush_fd(notify);
1858 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1859 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1860 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1861 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1865 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1866 * if we already own the tty. */
1867 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1869 /* First, try to get the tty */
1870 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
1873 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1875 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
1876 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
1877 * are have this controlling terminal. */
1878 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
1881 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
1890 assert(notify >= 0);
1893 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
1895 struct inotify_event *e;
1897 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) {
1900 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1901 if (ts + timeout < n) {
1906 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
1916 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
1919 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
1926 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
1931 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
1936 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
1937 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
1939 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
1946 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
1947 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
1948 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
1949 * an endless loop. */
1950 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1954 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
1956 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1958 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
1964 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1967 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
1972 int release_terminal(void) {
1974 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1975 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1976 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1978 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1980 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
1984 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1985 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
1986 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1988 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
1991 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1996 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2001 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2002 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2009 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2010 struct sigaction sa = {
2011 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2012 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2018 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2022 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2023 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2030 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2031 struct sigaction sa = {
2032 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2033 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2038 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2042 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2043 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2050 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2056 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2061 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2065 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2068 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2075 while (nbytes > 0) {
2078 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2079 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2082 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2084 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2085 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2088 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, (usec_t) -1);
2093 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2103 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2104 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2110 while (nbytes > 0) {
2113 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2114 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2117 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2119 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2120 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2123 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, (usec_t) -1);
2128 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2138 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
2139 static const struct {
2141 unsigned long long factor;
2145 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2146 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2147 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2148 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2149 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2154 unsigned long long r = 0;
2166 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2177 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2179 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2180 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2181 unsigned long long tmp;
2182 if ((unsigned long long) l > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2184 tmp = l * table[i].factor;
2185 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2189 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2192 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2196 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2206 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2211 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2212 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2213 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2216 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2218 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2221 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2226 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2229 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2233 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2236 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2238 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2239 * sysfs or in /dev */
2242 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2243 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2246 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2247 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2258 if (!de && errno != 0)
2264 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2269 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2270 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2287 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2288 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2291 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2293 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2295 k = loop_read(fd, p, n, true);
2298 if ((size_t) k != n)
2304 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2305 static bool srand_called = false;
2309 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2313 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2314 * get a PRNG instead. */
2316 if (!srand_called) {
2319 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2320 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in
2321 * auxv, so let's try to make use of that to seed the
2322 * pseudo-random generator. It's better than
2327 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2329 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2332 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2333 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2336 srand_called = true;
2339 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2343 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2346 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2347 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2348 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2349 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2350 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2351 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2354 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2356 if (program_invocation_name)
2357 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2359 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2363 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2365 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2369 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2374 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2381 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2382 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2386 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2389 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2391 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2392 return strdup(u.nodename);
2394 return strdup(u.sysname);
2397 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2400 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2402 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2405 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2408 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2409 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2411 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2413 return strdup("root");
2415 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2419 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2423 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2424 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2426 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
2432 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2436 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2441 return lookup_uid(uid);
2444 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2451 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2454 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2455 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2460 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2466 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2474 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2478 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2482 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2484 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2491 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2493 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2495 unsigned long ttynr;
2499 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2500 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2504 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2514 "%*d " /* session */
2519 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2528 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2530 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *s, *b, *p;
2535 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2539 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2541 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2547 /* This is an ugly hack */
2548 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2549 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
2559 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2560 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2561 * vaguely useful. */
2574 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2576 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2594 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2600 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2601 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2605 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2607 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2612 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2618 if (!de && errno != 0) {
2627 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2630 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2632 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2633 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2634 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2639 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2642 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2643 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2645 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2646 keep_around = false;
2652 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2653 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2656 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2657 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2658 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2659 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2664 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2665 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2669 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2670 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2674 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2676 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2677 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2688 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2691 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2692 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2695 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2700 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2701 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2705 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2706 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2708 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2709 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2710 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2714 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2717 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2723 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2724 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2725 * seriously broken system. */
2726 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2727 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2731 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2734 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2738 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2741 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2742 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2747 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2748 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2755 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2756 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2760 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2761 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2762 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2767 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2770 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2773 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2782 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2783 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2786 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2787 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2790 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2793 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2794 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2795 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2797 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2798 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2801 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2802 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2808 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2811 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2812 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2813 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2815 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2816 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
2819 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2820 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
2826 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
2830 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
2833 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
2836 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
2837 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
2847 if (errno != EINVAL)
2854 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
2855 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
2856 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2857 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2858 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
2860 static bool prev_ephemeral;
2864 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
2865 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
2867 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
2870 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2883 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
2889 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
2897 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
2898 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
2901 if (!isempty(status)) {
2902 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
2903 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
2904 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
2906 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
2909 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
2911 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
2913 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
2919 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
2925 va_start(ap, format);
2926 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
2932 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
2939 const char *e, *word = format;
2944 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
2955 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
2964 } else if (*e == '$') {
2965 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
2981 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
2983 k = strappend(r, t);
2997 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3008 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3010 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3012 l = strv_length(argv);
3014 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3017 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3019 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3020 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3025 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3028 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3039 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3048 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3056 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3057 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3067 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3068 struct winsize ws = {};
3070 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3079 unsigned columns(void) {
3083 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3084 return cached_columns;
3087 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3092 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3101 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3102 struct winsize ws = {};
3104 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3113 unsigned lines(void) {
3117 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3118 return cached_lines;
3121 e = getenv("LINES");
3126 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3132 return cached_lines;
3135 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3136 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3142 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3144 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3145 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3147 return cached_on_tty;
3150 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3151 struct stat a = {}, b = {};
3153 /* Only works as root */
3154 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3157 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3161 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3162 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3165 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3170 assert(percent <= 100);
3171 assert(new_length >= 3);
3173 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3174 return strndup(s, old_length);
3176 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3180 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3182 if (x > new_length - 3)
3190 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3191 new_length - x - 3);
3196 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3200 unsigned k, len, len2;
3203 assert(percent <= 100);
3204 assert(new_length >= 3);
3206 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3207 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3208 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3210 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3211 return strndup(s, old_length);
3213 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3215 if (x > new_length - 3)
3219 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3222 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3225 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3228 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3231 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3234 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3235 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3238 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3242 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3244 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3246 /* make space for ellipsis */
3247 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3250 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3251 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3256 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3257 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3261 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3265 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3270 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3271 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3274 int touch(const char *path) {
3279 /* This just opens the file for writing, ensuring it
3280 * exists. It doesn't call utimensat() the way /usr/bin/touch
3283 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
3287 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3291 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3295 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3296 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3297 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3304 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3305 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3310 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3311 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3314 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3326 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3330 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3338 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3342 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3348 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3359 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3371 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3378 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3380 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3384 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3385 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3386 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3387 return status.si_status;
3390 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3393 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3394 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3396 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3400 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3404 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3406 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3407 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3415 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3418 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3421 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3427 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3432 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3435 return null_or_empty(&st);
3438 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3442 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3444 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3450 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
3457 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3461 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3463 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3464 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3469 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3470 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3474 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3478 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3479 t = new(char, enc_len);
3483 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3486 if (asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-%s/%s", by, t) < 0)
3492 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3495 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3496 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3498 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3499 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3501 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3502 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3504 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3505 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3510 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3513 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3516 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3519 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3522 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3525 return streq(tty, "console");
3528 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3533 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3536 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3539 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3542 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3546 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3552 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3555 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3556 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3558 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3561 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3564 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3565 * /dev/console points to */
3566 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3572 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3575 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3576 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3578 tty = *active = tmp;
3585 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3586 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3590 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3593 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3594 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3599 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3602 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3605 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3608 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3611 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3614 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3615 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3616 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3622 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3625 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3626 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3627 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3630 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3633 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3636 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
3639 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3643 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and
3644 * waits for them to finish. */
3647 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
3649 if (errno == ENOENT)
3652 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3659 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
3660 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
3664 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
3669 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3672 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
3677 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
3678 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3696 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3697 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3700 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
3702 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
3703 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
3708 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3709 pid_t pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3713 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
3718 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
3722 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
3723 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status, NULL)) {
3724 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
3725 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
3727 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
3729 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
3740 hashmap_free_free(pids);
3743 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3746 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
3754 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
3760 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
3761 if (streq(i, needle))
3767 bool plymouth_running(void) {
3768 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
3771 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
3780 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
3782 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
3783 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
3784 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
3790 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
3797 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3804 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
3814 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
3820 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
3824 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3831 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
3832 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
3843 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
3848 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
3849 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3851 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
3856 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
3863 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
3866 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
3868 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3876 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
3883 return pollfd.revents;
3886 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
3897 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
3901 fn = basename(path);
3905 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
3907 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
3913 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
3926 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
3929 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
3935 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
3938 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3942 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
3943 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3948 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
3952 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
3953 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
3954 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
3956 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
3959 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
3960 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
3961 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
3963 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3968 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
3969 "\033[H" /* move home */
3970 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
3972 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3977 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
3980 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
3987 /* Try to deallocate */
3988 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3992 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
3993 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4001 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4003 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4008 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4009 "\033[H" /* move home */
4010 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4012 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4017 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to, int flags) {
4018 _cleanup_close_ int fdf = -1;
4024 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
4028 fdt = open(to, flags|O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
4036 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
4050 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
4052 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
4061 r = close_nointr(fdt);
4071 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4073 _cleanup_free_ char *t;
4083 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
4091 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
4094 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
4095 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
4101 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4104 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4113 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4117 display[0] == ':' &&
4118 display[1] >= '0' &&
4122 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4129 if (!display_is_local(display))
4132 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4134 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
4138 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4139 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4148 const char **username,
4149 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4151 const char **shell) {
4159 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4160 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4162 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4180 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4184 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4185 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4186 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4187 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4188 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4190 *username = p->pw_name;
4193 p = getpwnam(*username);
4197 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4209 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4214 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4219 return strdup("root");
4223 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4225 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
4231 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4236 return strdup("root");
4240 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4242 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) gid) < 0)
4248 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4254 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4255 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4257 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4258 *groupname = "root";
4266 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4271 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4274 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4278 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4286 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4288 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4290 if (getgid() == gid)
4293 if (getegid() == gid)
4296 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4297 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4299 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4301 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4305 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4312 int in_group(const char *name) {
4316 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4323 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4324 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4330 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4332 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4334 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4337 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4339 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4342 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4343 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4348 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4350 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4352 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4354 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4355 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4357 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4358 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4366 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4372 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4375 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4379 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4380 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4381 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4382 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4383 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4384 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4385 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4391 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
4393 _cleanup_free_ char *parent = NULL;
4396 r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
4400 STRV_FOREACH(i, search)
4401 if (path_equal(parent, *i))
4407 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4408 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4409 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4410 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4414 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4415 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4427 if (!de && errno != 0)
4432 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4434 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4438 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4439 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4442 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4453 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4459 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4473 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4478 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4502 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4516 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4517 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4519 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4520 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4525 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4532 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4533 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4536 r = access(p, F_OK);
4544 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4545 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4548 r = access(p, F_OK);
4554 /* Get parent dev_t */
4555 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4558 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4564 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4570 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4571 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4574 r = access(p, F_OK);
4578 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4585 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4590 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4594 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4595 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4598 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4599 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4600 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4601 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4602 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4605 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4607 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4608 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4609 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4610 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4611 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4612 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4613 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4616 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4618 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4619 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4620 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4621 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4622 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4623 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4624 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4625 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4626 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4627 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4628 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4629 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4630 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4631 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4632 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4633 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4634 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4635 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4636 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4637 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4638 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4641 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4643 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4644 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4645 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4646 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4648 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4649 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4650 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4651 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4654 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4656 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4657 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4658 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4659 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4660 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4664 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4666 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
4667 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4668 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4669 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4670 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4671 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4672 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4673 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4674 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4675 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4676 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4677 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4678 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4679 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4680 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4681 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4682 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4685 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4687 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4688 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4689 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4690 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4691 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4694 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4696 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4713 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4724 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4726 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4732 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4734 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4735 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4738 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4742 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4743 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4745 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4750 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4755 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4759 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4763 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4764 signo = (int) u + offset;
4765 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4771 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4772 bool loaded = false;
4775 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4783 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
4801 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4803 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
4812 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
4819 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
4822 static const struct {
4826 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4827 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4828 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4829 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4830 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
4834 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
4836 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
4839 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
4840 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
4847 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
4855 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
4868 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4870 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4872 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
4873 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
4876 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
4879 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
4880 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
4886 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4888 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4890 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
4891 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
4894 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
4897 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
4898 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
4903 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
4904 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
4906 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
4914 parent_pid = getpid();
4916 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
4923 if (agent_pid != 0) {
4930 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
4931 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
4932 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4934 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
4935 * to set the death signal */
4936 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
4937 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
4939 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
4940 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
4942 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
4943 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
4945 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
4946 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
4947 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
4948 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
4949 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
4950 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
4951 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
4952 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
4953 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
4955 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
4956 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4960 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
4963 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
4969 /* Count arguments */
4971 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
4976 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
4978 /* Fill in arguments */
4980 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
4981 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
4985 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4988 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
4989 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
4993 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
4999 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5000 * to get as close as we can */
5001 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5003 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5004 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5006 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5012 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5013 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5024 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5026 f = fopen(path, "re");
5034 char line[LINE_MAX];
5037 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5041 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5051 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5052 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5066 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5069 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5072 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5075 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5078 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5081 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5087 bool in_initrd(void) {
5088 static int saved = -1;
5094 /* We make two checks here:
5096 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5097 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5099 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5100 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5101 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5104 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5105 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5106 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5111 void warn_melody(void) {
5112 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5114 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5118 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5120 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5121 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5123 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5124 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5126 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5127 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5129 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5132 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5135 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5137 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1);
5139 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5145 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5152 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5160 /* Take the user specified one */
5171 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5174 h = strdup("/root");
5182 /* Check the database... */
5186 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5188 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5191 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5199 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5207 /* Take the user specified one */
5208 e = getenv("SHELL");
5218 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5221 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5229 /* Check the database... */
5233 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5235 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5238 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5246 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5260 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5266 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5271 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5272 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5275 if (strchr("\\\"\'", *t))
5283 * Check if a string contains control characters.
5284 * Spaces and tabs are not considered control characters.
5286 bool string_has_cc(const char *p) {
5291 for (t = p; *t; t++)
5292 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ' && *t != '\t')
5298 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5303 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5306 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5309 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5310 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5313 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5319 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5320 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5321 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5330 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5331 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5334 else if (comparison > 0)
5342 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5344 static int cached_answer = -1;
5346 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5349 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5350 cached_answer = true;
5354 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5356 cached_answer = true;
5360 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5361 cached_answer = true;
5365 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5366 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5367 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5369 cached_answer = true;
5373 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5377 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5378 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5382 return (bool) cached_answer;
5385 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5386 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5388 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5389 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5390 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5391 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5392 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243 ", /* ‣ */
5393 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217 ", /* ● */
5395 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5396 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "| ",
5397 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5398 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5399 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5400 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "> ",
5401 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "* ",
5405 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5408 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5411 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5417 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5418 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5431 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5437 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5438 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5446 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5458 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5459 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5464 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5466 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5472 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5474 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5476 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5480 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5485 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5487 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5488 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5489 else if (*i == '\t')
5496 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5499 } else if (*i == '[') {
5500 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5505 state = STATE_OTHER;
5512 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5513 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5516 state = STATE_OTHER;
5518 } else if (*i == 'm')
5519 state = STATE_OTHER;
5541 int on_ac_power(void) {
5542 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5543 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5545 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5551 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5557 if (!de && errno != 0)
5563 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5566 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5568 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5574 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5576 if (errno == ENOENT)
5582 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5586 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5589 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5590 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5592 if (errno == ENOENT)
5598 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5602 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5605 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5606 found_online = true;
5608 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5609 found_offline = true;
5614 return found_online || !found_offline;
5617 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5624 if (!path_strv_canonicalize_absolute_uniq(search, NULL))
5627 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5628 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5631 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5641 if (errno != ENOENT)
5648 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5649 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5655 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5658 f = fopen(path, mode);
5667 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5671 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, copy, _f);
5674 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5675 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5677 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5680 f = fopen(path, mode);
5689 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5693 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, s, _f);
5696 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5703 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5710 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5715 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5724 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5734 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5748 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5756 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5760 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5767 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need) {
5774 if (*allocated >= need)
5777 a = MAX(64u, need * 2);
5779 /* check for overflows */
5792 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need) {
5801 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need);
5805 if (*allocated > prev)
5806 memzero(&q[prev], *allocated - prev);
5811 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
5817 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
5819 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5822 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5823 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5824 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5828 } else if (l == 36) {
5830 /* Formatted UUID */
5832 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5835 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
5839 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5840 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5841 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5852 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
5867 a = strndup(s, x - s);
5871 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
5883 int shall_restore_state(void) {
5884 _cleanup_free_ char *line;
5889 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
5892 if (r == 0) /* Container ... */
5895 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state)
5896 if (l == 23 && strneq(w, "systemd.restore_state=0", 23))
5902 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
5905 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
5909 r = read_full_file("/proc/1/cmdline", &buf, &sz);
5913 for (p = buf; p + 1 < buf + sz; p++)
5922 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
5929 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_word)(const char *word)) {
5930 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
5935 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
5937 log_warning("Failed to read /proc/cmdline, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
5941 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
5942 _cleanup_free_ char *word;
5944 word = strndup(w, l);
5948 r = parse_word(word);
5950 log_error("Failed on cmdline argument %s: %s", word, strerror(-r));
5958 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
5959 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
5967 p = strappenda("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
5968 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
5976 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
5979 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
5989 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *root_fd) {
5990 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1;
5991 const char *pidns, *mntns, *root;
5999 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6000 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6004 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6005 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6009 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6010 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6014 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6015 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6023 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int root_fd) {
6024 assert(pidns_fd >= 0);
6025 assert(mntns_fd >= 0);
6026 assert(root_fd >= 0);
6028 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6031 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6034 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6037 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6040 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6043 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6049 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6050 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6055 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6058 return errno != ESRCH;
6061 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6064 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6069 r = get_process_state(pid);
6070 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6076 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6077 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6084 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6088 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6091 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6092 * to namespacing issues */
6100 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6112 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6116 if (errno != ERANGE)
6123 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6139 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6140 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6141 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6148 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6155 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6162 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6163 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6168 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6169 p = strappenda(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6171 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6179 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6182 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6185 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6186 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6188 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6189 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6191 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6192 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6197 unsigned long parse_personality(const char *p) {
6199 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6200 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6201 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6202 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6203 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6204 * used by libseccomp. */
6206 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6208 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6211 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6214 #elif defined(__i386__)
6216 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6220 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6221 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6222 * as error indicator. */
6223 return 0xffffffffUL;