1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
57 #include <sys/mount.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
62 #include <sys/personality.h>
66 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
78 #include "path-util.h"
79 #include "exit-status.h"
83 #include "device-nodes.h"
90 char **saved_argv = NULL;
92 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
93 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
95 size_t page_size(void) {
96 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
99 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
102 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
109 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
111 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
122 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
129 pl = strlen(postfix);
132 return (char*) s + sl;
137 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
140 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
143 char* first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
150 /* Checks if the string starts with the specified word, either
151 * followed by NUL or by whitespace. Returns a pointer to the
152 * NUL or the first character after the whitespace. */
163 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
170 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *p))
173 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
177 int close_nointr(int fd) {
184 else if (errno == EINTR)
186 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong
187 * thing to do on Linux.
189 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
190 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
191 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
192 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
199 int safe_close(int fd) {
202 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
203 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
204 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
206 * fd = safe_close(fd);
212 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
213 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
214 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
215 * the fd was invalid at all... */
217 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
223 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
226 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
228 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
232 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
243 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
246 if (streq(v, "1") || strcaseeq(v, "yes") || strcaseeq(v, "y") || strcaseeq(v, "true") || strcaseeq(v, "t") || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
248 else if (streq(v, "0") || strcaseeq(v, "no") || strcaseeq(v, "n") || strcaseeq(v, "false") || strcaseeq(v, "f") || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
254 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
255 unsigned long ul = 0;
262 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
268 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
278 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
279 unsigned long ul = 0;
286 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
292 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
295 /* Some libc APIs use (uid_t) -1 as special placeholder */
296 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
299 /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
300 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
307 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
315 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
317 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
318 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
320 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
323 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
327 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
335 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
337 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
338 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
340 if ((long) (int) l != l)
347 int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
355 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
357 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
358 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
360 if ((unsigned long) (uint8_t) l != l)
367 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
369 unsigned long long l;
375 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
377 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
378 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
384 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
392 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
394 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
395 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
401 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
408 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
413 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
414 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
420 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
421 bool escaped = false;
424 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
427 else if (s[n] == '\\')
429 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
432 /* if s ends in \, return index of previous char */
436 /* Split a string into words. */
437 const char* split(const char **state, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted) {
443 assert(**state == '\0');
447 current += strspn(current, separator);
453 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
454 char quotechars[2] = {*current, '\0'};
456 *l = strcspn_escaped(current + 1, quotechars);
457 if (current[*l + 1] == '\0' ||
458 (current[*l + 2] && !strchr(separator, current[*l + 2]))) {
459 /* right quote missing or garbage at the end*/
463 assert(current[*l + 1] == quotechars[0]);
464 *state = current++ + *l + 2;
466 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
467 *state = current + *l;
469 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
470 *state = current + *l;
476 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
478 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
490 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
491 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
495 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
496 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
497 * skip over it manually */
499 p = strrchr(line, ')');
511 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
514 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
519 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
521 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
527 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
528 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
532 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
533 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
534 * skip over it manually */
536 p = strrchr(line, ')');
558 "%*d " /* priority */
560 "%*d " /* num_threads */
561 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
562 "%llu " /* starttime */,
569 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
574 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
580 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
583 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
587 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
591 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
595 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
596 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
600 p = strrchr(line, ')');
606 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
609 return (unsigned char) state;
612 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
619 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
621 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
628 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
629 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
637 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
643 if (max_length == 0) {
644 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
646 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
648 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
653 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
663 r = new(char, max_length);
669 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
691 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
698 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
699 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
700 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
708 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
712 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
721 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
733 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
738 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
742 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
745 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
750 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
756 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
758 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
761 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
769 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
771 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
773 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
775 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
782 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
783 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
793 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
798 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
803 if (startswith(l, field)) {
805 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
807 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
809 return parse_uid(l, uid);
816 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
817 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
820 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
821 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
822 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
825 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
833 return strndup(suffix, b);
842 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
845 r = new(char, a+b+1);
850 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
856 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
857 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
860 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
875 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
882 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
893 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
894 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
897 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
898 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
905 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
909 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
917 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
924 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
928 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
935 path_kill_slashes(*r);
940 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
943 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
944 struct sigaction sa = {
945 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
946 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
949 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
952 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
953 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
954 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
962 char *strstrip(char *s) {
965 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
966 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
968 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
970 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
971 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
979 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
982 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
984 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
996 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1003 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1004 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1007 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1008 return strdup(filename);
1010 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1011 return strdup(filename);
1013 k = strlen(filename);
1014 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1017 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1018 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1023 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1032 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1033 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1039 /* Skip last component */
1040 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1043 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1044 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1050 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1053 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1062 if (errno != ENOENT)
1069 char hexchar(int x) {
1070 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1072 return table[x & 15];
1075 int unhexchar(char c) {
1077 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1080 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1081 return c - 'a' + 10;
1083 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1084 return c - 'A' + 10;
1089 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1093 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1097 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1098 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1099 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1106 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1112 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1116 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1119 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1121 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1125 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1132 char octchar(int x) {
1133 return '0' + (x & 7);
1136 int unoctchar(char c) {
1138 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1144 char decchar(int x) {
1145 return '0' + (x % 10);
1148 int undecchar(char c) {
1150 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1156 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1162 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1164 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1168 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1214 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1215 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1216 * g_strescape() does the same */
1217 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1219 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1220 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1221 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1232 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1239 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1241 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1243 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1248 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1250 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1293 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1298 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1301 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1302 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1304 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0)) {
1305 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1309 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1324 /* octal encoding */
1327 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1328 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1329 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1331 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)) {
1332 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1336 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1344 /* premature end of string.*/
1349 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1361 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1362 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1365 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1368 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1371 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1375 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1376 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1379 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1383 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1385 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1386 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1389 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1390 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1400 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1405 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1406 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1407 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1412 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1416 filename[0] == '.' ||
1417 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1418 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1419 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1420 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1421 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1422 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1423 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1424 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1425 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-tmp") ||
1426 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1429 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1432 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1435 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1438 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1443 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1448 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1450 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1452 if (nflags == flags)
1455 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1461 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1466 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1471 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1473 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1475 if (nflags == flags)
1478 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1484 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1487 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1489 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1496 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1497 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
1501 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1503 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1508 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1509 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1512 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1513 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1515 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1518 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1519 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1526 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1529 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1532 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1533 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1542 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1545 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1546 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1547 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1555 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1558 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1559 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1566 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1567 static const char table[] =
1581 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1585 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1589 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1591 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1597 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1601 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1604 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1607 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1613 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1614 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1615 char c, line[LINE_MAX];
1620 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1621 new_termios = old_termios;
1623 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1624 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1625 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1627 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1630 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1631 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1632 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1637 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1639 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1645 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1652 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1653 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1658 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1659 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1663 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1673 int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1683 bool need_nl = true;
1686 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1693 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1697 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, USEC_INFINITY, &need_nl);
1700 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1701 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1712 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1717 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1721 int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) {
1726 char line[LINE_MAX];
1730 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1737 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1742 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin))
1743 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1745 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
1764 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1765 struct termios termios;
1768 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1772 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1773 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1774 * interfere with that. */
1776 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1777 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1779 /* Switch to text mode */
1781 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1783 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1784 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1786 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1791 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1792 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1793 * else will do that for us */
1795 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1796 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1797 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1798 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1799 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1801 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1802 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1803 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1804 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1805 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1806 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1807 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1808 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1809 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1810 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1811 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1812 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1813 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1815 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1816 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1818 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1822 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1823 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1828 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1829 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
1831 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1835 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1838 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1843 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1844 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1845 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1846 * retrying a couple of times.
1848 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1851 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1854 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1861 /* Max 1s in total */
1865 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1886 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1887 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1897 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1907 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1913 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1922 int acquire_terminal(
1926 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1929 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1934 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1935 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1936 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1938 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1939 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1940 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1941 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1942 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1943 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1944 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1945 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1947 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
1948 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1950 if (!fail && !force) {
1951 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != USEC_INFINITY ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1957 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1965 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1966 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1967 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1971 r = flush_fd(notify);
1976 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1977 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1978 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1979 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1983 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1984 * if we already own the tty. */
1985 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1987 /* First, try to get the tty */
1988 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
1991 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1993 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
1994 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
1995 * are have this controlling terminal. */
1996 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
1999 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2008 assert(notify >= 0);
2011 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
2013 struct inotify_event *e;
2015 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY) {
2018 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2019 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2024 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2034 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2037 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2044 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2049 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2054 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2055 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2057 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2064 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2065 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2066 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2067 * an endless loop. */
2073 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2075 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2086 int release_terminal(void) {
2087 static const struct sigaction sa_new = {
2088 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2089 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2092 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2093 struct sigaction sa_old;
2096 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2100 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2101 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2102 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2104 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2107 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2112 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2117 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2118 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2125 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2126 struct sigaction sa = {
2127 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2128 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2133 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2137 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2138 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2145 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2146 struct sigaction sa = {
2147 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2148 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2153 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2157 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2158 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2165 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2169 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2171 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2175 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2176 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2179 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2186 while (nbytes > 0) {
2189 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2190 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2193 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2195 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2196 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2199 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
2204 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2214 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2215 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2221 while (nbytes > 0) {
2224 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2225 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2228 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2230 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2231 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2234 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, USEC_INFINITY);
2239 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2249 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2251 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2252 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2253 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2254 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2255 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2256 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2257 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2259 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2260 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2261 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2262 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2267 unsigned long long factor;
2270 static const struct table iec[] = {
2271 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2272 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2273 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2274 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2275 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2281 static const struct table si[] = {
2282 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2283 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2284 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2285 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2286 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2292 const struct table *table;
2294 unsigned long long r = 0;
2295 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2298 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2303 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2306 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2312 unsigned long long l2;
2318 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2331 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2334 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2335 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2337 if (errno == ERANGE)
2340 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2347 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2349 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2350 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2351 unsigned long long tmp;
2352 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2354 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2355 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2359 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2362 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2378 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2383 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2384 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2385 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2390 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2393 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2398 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2401 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2405 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2408 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2410 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2411 * sysfs or in /dev */
2414 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2415 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2418 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2419 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2430 if (!de && errno != 0)
2436 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2441 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2442 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2459 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2460 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2463 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2465 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2467 k = loop_read(fd, p, n, true);
2470 if ((size_t) k != n)
2476 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2477 static bool srand_called = false;
2481 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2485 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2486 * get a PRNG instead. */
2488 if (!srand_called) {
2491 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2492 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in
2493 * auxv, so let's try to make use of that to seed the
2494 * pseudo-random generator. It's better than
2499 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2501 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2504 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2505 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2508 srand_called = true;
2511 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2515 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2518 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2519 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2520 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2521 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2522 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2523 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2526 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2528 if (program_invocation_name)
2529 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2531 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2535 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2537 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2541 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2546 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2553 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2554 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2558 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2563 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2566 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2567 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2570 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2576 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2579 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2581 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2582 return strdup(u.nodename);
2584 return strdup(u.sysname);
2587 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2590 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2592 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2595 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2598 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2599 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2601 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2603 return strdup("root");
2605 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2609 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2613 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2614 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2616 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2622 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2626 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2631 return lookup_uid(uid);
2634 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2641 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2644 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2645 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2650 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2656 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2664 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2668 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2672 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2674 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2681 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2683 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2685 unsigned long ttynr;
2689 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2690 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2694 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2704 "%*d " /* session */
2709 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2718 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2719 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2720 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2727 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2731 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2733 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2739 /* This is an ugly hack */
2740 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2741 asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr));
2745 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2746 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2747 * vaguely useful. */
2753 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2755 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2773 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2774 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
2779 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2780 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2786 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2791 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2798 if (errno != 0 && ret == 0)
2803 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2806 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2808 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2809 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2810 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2815 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2818 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2819 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2821 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2822 keep_around = false;
2828 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2829 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2832 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2833 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2834 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2835 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2840 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2841 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2845 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2846 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2850 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2852 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2853 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2860 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2863 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2864 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2867 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2872 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2877 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2878 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2880 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2881 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2886 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2889 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2895 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2896 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2897 * seriously broken system. */
2898 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2899 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2903 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2906 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2910 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2913 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2914 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2919 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2920 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2927 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2932 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2933 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2939 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2942 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2945 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2954 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2955 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2958 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2959 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2962 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2965 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2966 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2967 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2969 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2970 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2973 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2974 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2980 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2983 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2984 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2985 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2987 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2988 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
2991 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2992 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
2998 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3002 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3005 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3008 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3009 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3019 if (errno != EINVAL)
3026 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3027 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3028 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3029 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3030 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
3032 static bool prev_ephemeral;
3036 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3037 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3039 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3042 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3055 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3061 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 50);
3069 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3070 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3073 if (!isempty(status)) {
3074 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3075 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3076 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3078 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3081 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3083 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3085 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3091 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3097 va_start(ap, format);
3098 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3104 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3111 const char *e, *word = format;
3116 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3127 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3136 } else if (*e == '$') {
3137 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3153 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3155 k = strappend(r, t);
3169 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3180 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3182 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3184 l = strv_length(argv);
3186 ret = new(char*, l+1);
3190 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3192 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3193 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3198 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3202 r = strv_split_quoted(&m, e);
3214 w = realloc(ret, sizeof(char*) * (l+1));
3224 memcpy(ret + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3232 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3233 ret[k] = replace_env(*i, env);
3245 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3246 struct winsize ws = {};
3248 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3257 unsigned columns(void) {
3261 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3262 return cached_columns;
3265 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3270 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3279 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3280 struct winsize ws = {};
3282 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3291 unsigned lines(void) {
3295 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3296 return cached_lines;
3299 e = getenv("LINES");
3304 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3310 return cached_lines;
3313 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3314 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3320 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3322 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3323 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3325 return cached_on_tty;
3328 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3331 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3334 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3337 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3338 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3341 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3344 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3351 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3356 assert(percent <= 100);
3357 assert(new_length >= 3);
3359 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3360 return strndup(s, old_length);
3362 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3366 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3368 if (x > new_length - 3)
3376 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3377 new_length - x - 3);
3382 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3386 unsigned k, len, len2;
3389 assert(percent <= 100);
3390 assert(new_length >= 3);
3392 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3393 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3394 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3396 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3397 return strndup(s, old_length);
3399 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3401 if (x > new_length - 3)
3405 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3408 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3411 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3414 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3417 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3420 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3421 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3424 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3428 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3430 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3432 /* make space for ellipsis */
3433 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3436 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3437 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3442 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3443 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3447 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3451 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3456 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3457 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3460 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
3461 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3467 mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
3469 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
3474 r = fchmod(fd, mode);
3479 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1) {
3480 r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
3485 if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
3486 struct timespec ts[2];
3488 timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
3490 r = futimens(fd, ts);
3492 r = futimens(fd, NULL);
3499 int touch(const char *path) {
3500 return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, (uid_t) -1, (gid_t) -1, 0);
3503 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3507 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3508 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3509 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3516 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3517 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3522 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3523 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3526 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3538 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3542 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3550 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3554 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3560 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3571 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3585 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
3586 * process, the process was terminated by a signal, or
3587 * failed for an unknown reason.
3588 * >=0 : The process terminated normally, and its exit code is
3591 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
3592 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
3594 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3601 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3603 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3607 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3608 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3609 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3610 return status.si_status;
3613 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3616 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3617 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3619 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3623 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3627 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3629 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3630 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3638 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3641 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3644 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3650 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3655 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3658 return null_or_empty(&st);
3661 int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
3666 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
3669 return null_or_empty(&st);
3672 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3676 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3678 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3691 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3695 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3697 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3698 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3703 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3704 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3707 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3711 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3712 t = new(char, enc_len);
3716 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3719 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3722 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3725 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3726 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3728 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3729 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3731 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3732 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3734 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3735 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3740 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3743 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3746 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3749 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3752 return streq(tty, "console");
3755 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3760 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3763 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3766 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3769 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3773 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3779 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3782 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3783 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3785 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3788 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3791 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3792 * /dev/console points to */
3793 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3799 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3802 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3803 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3805 tty = *active = tmp;
3812 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3813 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3817 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3820 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3821 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3826 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3829 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3832 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3835 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3838 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3841 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3842 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3843 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3849 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3852 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3853 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3854 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3857 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3860 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3863 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
3869 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
3870 * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. */
3872 executor_pid = fork();
3873 if (executor_pid < 0) {
3874 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3877 } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
3878 _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3879 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *_d = NULL;
3883 /* We fork this all off from a child process so that
3884 * we can somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set
3887 reset_all_signal_handlers();
3889 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
3890 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) == 0);
3892 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3895 d = _d = opendir(directory);
3897 if (errno == ENOENT)
3898 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3900 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3901 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3905 pids = hashmap_new(NULL, NULL);
3908 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3911 FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
3912 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3915 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3918 path = strjoin(directory, "/", de->d_name, NULL);
3921 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3926 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3928 } else if (pid == 0) {
3931 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3941 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3942 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3945 log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
3947 r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
3950 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3956 /* Abort execution of this process after the
3957 * timout. We simply rely on SIGALRM as default action
3958 * terminating the process, and turn on alarm(). */
3960 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
3961 alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
3963 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3964 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3967 pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3970 path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
3973 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid);
3976 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3979 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(directory, executor_pid);
3982 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3985 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
3993 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
3999 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4000 if (streq(i, needle))
4006 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4007 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4010 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4019 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4021 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4022 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4023 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4029 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4036 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4043 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4053 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4059 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
4063 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4070 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
4071 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
4082 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4087 bool machine_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
4089 if (!hostname_is_valid(s))
4092 /* Machine names should be useful hostnames, but also be
4093 * useful in unit names, hence we enforce a stricter length
4102 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4103 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4105 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
4110 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4117 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4120 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4122 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4130 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == USEC_INFINITY ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
4137 return pollfd.revents;
4140 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4149 t = tempfn_xxxxxx(path);
4153 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4159 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4172 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4175 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4181 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4182 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
4184 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4188 return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4191 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4195 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4196 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4197 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4199 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4202 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4203 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4204 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4206 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4211 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4212 "\033[H" /* move home */
4213 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4220 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4223 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4230 /* Try to deallocate */
4231 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4235 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4244 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4246 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4251 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4252 "\033[H" /* move home */
4253 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4260 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4261 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4266 t = tempfn_random(to);
4270 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4273 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4281 int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
4282 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4286 t = tempfn_random(path);
4290 if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
4293 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4301 int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
4302 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4306 t = tempfn_random(path);
4310 if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
4313 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4321 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4325 display[0] == ':' &&
4326 display[1] >= '0' &&
4330 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4337 if (!display_is_local(display))
4340 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4342 f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
4346 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4347 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4356 const char **username,
4357 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4359 const char **shell) {
4367 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4368 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4370 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4388 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4392 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4393 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4394 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4395 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4396 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4398 *username = p->pw_name;
4401 p = getpwnam(*username);
4405 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4417 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4422 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4427 return strdup("root");
4431 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4433 if (asprintf(&r, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
4439 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4444 return strdup("root");
4448 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4450 if (asprintf(&r, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
4456 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4462 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4463 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4465 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4466 *groupname = "root";
4474 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4479 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4482 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4486 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4494 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4496 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4498 if (getgid() == gid)
4501 if (getegid() == gid)
4504 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4505 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4507 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4509 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4513 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4520 int in_group(const char *name) {
4524 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4531 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4532 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4538 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4540 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4542 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4545 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4547 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4550 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4551 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4556 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4558 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4560 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4562 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4563 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4565 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4566 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4574 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4580 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4583 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4587 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4588 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4589 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4590 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4591 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4592 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4593 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4599 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4600 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4601 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4602 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4606 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4607 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4619 if (!de && errno != 0)
4624 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4626 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4630 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4631 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4634 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4645 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4651 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4665 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4670 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4694 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4708 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4709 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4711 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4712 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4717 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4724 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4725 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4728 r = access(p, F_OK);
4736 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4737 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4740 r = access(p, F_OK);
4746 /* Get parent dev_t */
4747 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4750 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4756 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4762 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4763 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4766 r = access(p, F_OK);
4770 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4777 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4782 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4786 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4787 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4790 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4791 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4792 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4793 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4794 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4797 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4799 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4800 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4801 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4802 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4803 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4804 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4805 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4808 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4810 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4811 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4812 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4813 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4814 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4815 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4816 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4817 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4818 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4819 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4820 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4821 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4822 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4823 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4824 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4825 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4826 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4827 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4828 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4829 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4830 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4833 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4835 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4836 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4837 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4838 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4840 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4841 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4842 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4843 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4846 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4848 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4849 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4850 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4851 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4852 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4856 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4858 static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
4859 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4860 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4861 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4862 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4863 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4864 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4865 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4866 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4867 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4868 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4869 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4870 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4871 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4872 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4873 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4874 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4877 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4879 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4880 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4881 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4882 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4883 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4886 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4888 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4905 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4916 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4918 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4924 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4926 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4927 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4930 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4934 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4935 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4937 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4942 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4947 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4951 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4955 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4956 signo = (int) u + offset;
4957 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4963 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4964 bool loaded = false;
4967 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4975 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
4993 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4995 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5004 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5011 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5014 static const struct {
5018 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5019 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5020 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5021 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5022 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5026 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5028 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5031 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5032 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5039 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5047 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5060 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5062 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5064 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5065 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5068 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5071 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5072 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5078 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5080 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5082 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5083 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5086 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5089 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5090 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5095 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5096 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5098 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5106 parent_pid = getpid();
5108 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5115 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5122 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5123 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5124 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5126 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5127 * to set the death signal */
5128 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5129 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5131 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5132 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5134 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5135 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5137 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5138 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5139 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5140 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5141 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5142 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5143 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5144 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5145 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5147 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5148 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5152 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5155 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5161 /* Count arguments */
5163 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5168 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5170 /* Fill in arguments */
5172 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5173 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5177 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5180 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5181 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5185 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5191 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5192 * to get as close as we can */
5193 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5195 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5196 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5198 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5204 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5205 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5216 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5218 f = fopen(path, "re");
5226 char line[LINE_MAX];
5229 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5233 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5243 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5244 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5258 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5261 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5264 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5267 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5270 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5273 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5279 bool in_initrd(void) {
5280 static int saved = -1;
5286 /* We make two checks here:
5288 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5289 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5291 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5292 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5293 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5296 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5297 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5298 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5303 void warn_melody(void) {
5304 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5306 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5310 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5312 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5313 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5315 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5316 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5318 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5319 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5321 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5324 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5327 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5329 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, USEC_INFINITY);
5331 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5337 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5344 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5352 /* Take the user specified one */
5353 e = secure_getenv("HOME");
5354 if (e && path_is_absolute(e)) {
5363 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5366 h = strdup("/root");
5374 /* Check the database... */
5378 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5380 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5383 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5391 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5399 /* Take the user specified one */
5400 e = getenv("SHELL");
5410 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5413 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5421 /* Check the database... */
5425 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5427 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5430 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5438 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5452 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5458 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5464 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5465 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5468 if (strchr("\\\"\'\0x7f", *t))
5476 * Check if a string contains control characters. If 'ok' is non-NULL
5477 * it may be a string containing additional CCs to be considered OK.
5479 bool string_has_cc(const char *p, const char *ok) {
5484 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5485 if (ok && strchr(ok, *t))
5488 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5498 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5503 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5506 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5509 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5510 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5513 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5519 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5520 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5521 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5530 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5531 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5534 else if (comparison > 0)
5542 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5544 static int cached_answer = -1;
5546 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5549 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5550 cached_answer = true;
5554 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5556 cached_answer = true;
5560 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5561 cached_answer = true;
5565 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5566 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5567 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5569 cached_answer = true;
5573 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5577 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5578 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5582 return (bool) cached_answer;
5585 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5586 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5589 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5590 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5591 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5592 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5593 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243", /* ‣ */
5594 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217", /* ● */
5595 [DRAW_ARROW] = "\342\206\222", /* → */
5596 [DRAW_DASH] = "\342\200\223", /* – */
5599 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5600 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "| ",
5601 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5602 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5603 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5604 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = ">",
5605 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "*",
5606 [DRAW_ARROW] = "->",
5611 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5614 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5617 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5623 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5624 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5637 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5643 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5644 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5652 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5664 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5665 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5670 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5672 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5678 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5680 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5682 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5686 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5691 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5693 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5694 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5695 else if (*i == '\t')
5702 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5705 } else if (*i == '[') {
5706 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5711 state = STATE_OTHER;
5718 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5719 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5722 state = STATE_OTHER;
5724 } else if (*i == 'm')
5725 state = STATE_OTHER;
5747 int on_ac_power(void) {
5748 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5749 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5751 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5757 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5763 if (!de && errno != 0)
5769 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5772 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5774 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5780 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5782 if (errno == ENOENT)
5788 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5792 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5796 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5798 if (errno == ENOENT)
5804 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5808 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5811 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5812 found_online = true;
5814 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5815 found_offline = true;
5820 return found_online || !found_offline;
5823 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5830 if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
5833 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5834 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5838 p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path, NULL);
5840 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5850 if (errno != ENOENT)
5857 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5858 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5864 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5867 f = fopen(path, mode);
5876 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5880 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
5883 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5884 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5886 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5889 f = fopen(path, mode);
5898 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5902 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
5905 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5912 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5919 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5924 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5933 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5943 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5957 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5965 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5969 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5976 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
5983 if (*allocated >= need)
5986 newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
5987 a = newalloc * size;
5989 /* check for overflows */
5990 if (a < size * need)
5998 *allocated = newalloc;
6002 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6011 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
6015 if (*allocated > prev)
6016 memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
6021 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
6027 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
6029 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6032 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6033 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6034 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6038 } else if (l == 36) {
6040 /* Formatted UUID */
6042 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6045 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
6049 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6050 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6051 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6062 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
6077 a = strndup(s, x - s);
6081 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
6093 int shall_restore_state(void) {
6094 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6095 const char *word, *state;
6099 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6102 if (r == 0) /* Container ... */
6107 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(word, l, line, state) {
6115 e = startswith(n, "systemd.restore_state=");
6119 k = parse_boolean(e);
6127 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
6130 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
6131 char *buf = NULL, *p;
6134 r = read_full_file("/proc/1/cmdline", &buf, &sz);
6138 for (p = buf; p + 1 < buf + sz; p++)
6147 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
6154 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
6155 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6156 const char *w, *state;
6162 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6164 log_warning("Failed to read /proc/cmdline, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
6168 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
6169 char word[l+1], *value;
6174 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6176 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6179 value = strchr(word, '=');
6183 r = parse_item(word, value);
6191 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6192 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6200 p = strappenda("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6201 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6209 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6212 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6222 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6223 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, netnsfd = -1;
6231 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6232 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6240 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6241 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6249 netns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/net");
6250 netnsfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6258 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6259 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6265 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6268 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6271 *netns_fd = netnsfd;
6276 pidnsfd = mntnsfd = netnsfd = -1;
6281 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd) {
6284 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6288 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6292 if (setns(netns_fd, CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
6296 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6299 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6303 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6306 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
6309 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6315 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6316 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6321 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6324 return errno != ESRCH;
6327 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6330 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6335 r = get_process_state(pid);
6336 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6342 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6343 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6350 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6354 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6357 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6358 * to namespacing issues */
6366 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6378 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6382 if (errno != ERANGE)
6389 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6405 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6406 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6407 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6414 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6421 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6428 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6429 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6434 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6435 p = strappenda(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6437 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6445 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6448 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6451 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6452 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6454 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6455 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6457 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6458 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6463 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
6465 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6466 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6467 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6468 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6469 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6470 * used by libseccomp. */
6472 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6474 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6477 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6480 #elif defined(__i386__)
6482 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6486 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6487 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6488 * as error indicator. */
6489 return 0xffffffffUL;
6492 const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
6494 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6496 if (p == PER_LINUX32)
6502 #elif defined(__i386__)
6511 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
6514 /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
6515 * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
6517 mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
6520 return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
6523 char* mount_test_option(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
6525 struct mntent me = {
6526 .mnt_opts = (char*) haystack
6531 /* Like glibc's hasmntopt(), but works on a string, not a
6537 return hasmntopt(&me, needle);
6540 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
6541 const uint8_t *b = p;
6544 assert(s == 0 || b);
6549 fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
6551 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6556 fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
6564 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6569 fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
6583 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
6588 r = write_string_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, param);
6590 log_error("Failed to write reboot param to "
6591 REBOOT_PARAM_FILE": %s", strerror(-r));
6593 unlink(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE);
6598 int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
6602 /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
6603 * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
6604 * unmounting them until they are gone. */
6607 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6612 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6613 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6617 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
6620 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6621 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6622 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6623 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6624 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6625 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6626 "%*s" /* (6) mount options */
6627 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6628 "- " /* (8) separator */
6629 "%*s " /* (9) file system type */
6630 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6631 "%*s" /* (11) mount options 2 */
6632 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6641 p = cunescape(path);
6645 if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
6648 if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
6664 int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
6665 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
6666 _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
6669 /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
6670 * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
6671 * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
6672 * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
6673 * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
6674 * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
6675 * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
6676 * the same mount point we only care for each individual
6677 * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
6678 * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
6679 * have any effect on future submounts that might get
6680 * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
6681 * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
6683 cleaned = strdup(prefix);
6687 path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
6689 done = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
6694 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6695 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
6696 bool top_autofs = false;
6699 todo = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
6703 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6704 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6708 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
6711 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6712 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6713 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6714 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6715 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6716 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6717 "%*s" /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
6718 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6719 "- " /* (8) separator */
6720 "%ms " /* (9) file system type */
6721 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6722 "%*s" /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
6723 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6733 p = cunescape(path);
6737 /* Let's ignore autofs mounts. If they aren't
6738 * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
6739 * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
6740 * future submounts anyway. If they are
6741 * already triggered, then we will find
6742 * another entry for this. */
6743 if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
6744 top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
6748 if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
6749 !set_contains(done, p)) {
6751 r = set_consume(todo, p);
6761 /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
6762 * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
6764 if (set_isempty(todo) &&
6765 (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
6768 if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
6769 !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
6770 /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
6771 * mount, make it one. */
6772 if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
6775 if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
6778 x = strdup(cleaned);
6782 r = set_consume(done, x);
6787 while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
6789 r = set_consume(done, x);
6795 if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
6797 /* Deal with mount points that are
6798 * obstructed by a later mount */
6800 if (errno != ENOENT)
6808 int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
6815 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
6820 char *tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p) {
6827 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 6 + 1);
6834 strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn), "XXXXXX");
6839 char *tempfn_random(const char *p) {
6848 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 16 + 1);
6855 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn);
6858 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6859 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
6868 /* make sure the hostname is not "localhost" */
6869 bool is_localhost(const char *hostname) {
6872 /* This tries to identify local host and domain names
6873 * described in RFC6761 plus the redhatism of .localdomain */
6875 return streq(hostname, "localhost") ||
6876 streq(hostname, "localhost.") ||
6877 streq(hostname, "localdomain.") ||
6878 streq(hostname, "localdomain") ||
6879 endswith(hostname, ".localhost") ||
6880 endswith(hostname, ".localhost.") ||
6881 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain") ||
6882 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain.");
6885 int take_password_lock(const char *root) {
6887 struct flock flock = {
6889 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
6897 /* This is roughly the same as lckpwdf(), but not as awful. We
6898 * don't want to use alarm() and signals, hence we implement
6899 * our own trivial version of this.
6901 * Note that shadow-utils also takes per-database locks in
6902 * addition to lckpwdf(). However, we don't given that they
6903 * are redundant as they they invoke lckpwdf() first and keep
6904 * it during everything they do. The per-database locks are
6905 * awfully racy, and thus we just won't do them. */
6908 path = strappenda(root, "/etc/.pwd.lock");
6910 path = "/etc/.pwd.lock";
6912 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600);
6916 r = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &flock);
6925 int is_symlink(const char *path) {
6928 if (lstat(path, &info) < 0)
6931 if (S_ISLNK(info.st_mode))
6937 int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret) {
6938 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
6939 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
6946 SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
6948 DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
6956 /* Parses the first word of a string, and returns it in
6957 * *ret. Removes all quotes in the process. When parsing fails
6958 * (because of an uneven number of quotes or similar), leaves
6959 * the pointer *p at the first invalid character. */
6969 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
6979 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
6981 state = VALUE_ESCAPE;
6983 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
6984 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
6987 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
6999 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7013 state = SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7015 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7023 case SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7027 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7031 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7040 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7042 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7050 case DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7054 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7058 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7064 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7086 int unquote_many_words(const char **p, ...) {
7091 /* Parses a number of words from a string, stripping any
7092 * quotes if necessary. */
7096 /* Count how many words are expected */
7099 if (!va_arg(ap, char **))
7108 /* Read all words into a temporary array */
7109 l = newa0(char*, n);
7110 for (c = 0; c < n; c++) {
7112 r = unquote_first_word(p, &l[c]);
7116 for (j = 0; j < c; j++) {
7126 /* If we managed to parse all words, return them in the passed
7129 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
7132 v = va_arg(ap, char **);