1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
46 #include <sys/prctl.h>
47 #include <sys/utsname.h>
49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
71 #include "path-util.h"
72 #include "exit-status.h"
76 #include "device-nodes.h"
82 char **saved_argv = NULL;
84 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
85 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
87 size_t page_size(void) {
88 static __thread size_t pgsz = 0;
91 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
94 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
101 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
103 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
114 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
121 pl = strlen(postfix);
124 return (char*) s + sl;
129 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
132 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
135 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
150 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
154 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
157 int close_nointr(int fd) {
163 /* Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong
164 * thing to do on Linux.
166 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
167 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
168 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
169 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
171 if (_unlikely_(r < 0 && errno == EINTR))
179 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
182 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
185 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
188 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
191 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
193 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
194 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
197 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
208 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
211 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
213 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
219 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
220 unsigned long ul = 0;
227 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
233 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
243 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
244 unsigned long ul = 0;
251 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
257 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
264 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
272 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
274 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
275 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
277 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
280 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
284 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
292 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
294 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
295 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
297 if ((long) (int) l != l)
304 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
306 unsigned long long l;
312 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
314 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
315 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
321 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
329 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
331 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
332 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
338 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
345 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
350 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
351 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
357 /* Split a string into words. */
358 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
361 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
363 if (!*current || *c == 0)
366 current += strspn(current, separator);
367 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
370 return (char*) current;
373 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
374 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
375 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
377 bool escaped = false;
379 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
381 if (!*current || *c == 0)
384 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
386 if (*current == '\'') {
389 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
399 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
400 } else if (*current == '\"') {
403 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
413 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
415 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
420 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
427 return (char*) current;
430 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
432 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
445 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
450 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
451 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
455 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
456 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
457 * skip over it manually */
459 p = strrchr(line, ')');
471 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
474 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
479 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
480 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
488 p = "/proc/self/stat";
490 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
496 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
503 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
504 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
505 * skip over it manually */
507 p = strrchr(line, ')');
529 "%*d " /* priority */
531 "%*d " /* num_threads */
532 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
533 "%llu " /* starttime */,
540 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
545 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
551 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
554 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
558 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
565 p = "/proc/self/comm";
567 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
569 return read_one_line_file(p, name);
572 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
573 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
582 p = "/proc/self/cmdline";
584 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
590 if (max_length == 0) {
591 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
593 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
595 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
600 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
610 r = new(char, max_length);
616 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
638 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
645 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
646 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
647 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
655 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
659 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
668 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
680 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
685 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
689 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
692 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
697 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
704 p = "/proc/self/status";
706 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
708 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
711 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
720 p = "/proc/self/exe";
722 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
724 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
728 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
735 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
736 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
746 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
751 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
756 if (startswith(l, field)) {
758 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
760 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
762 return parse_uid(l, uid);
769 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
770 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
773 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
774 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
775 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
778 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
786 return strndup(suffix, b);
795 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
798 r = new(char, a+b+1);
803 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
809 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
810 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
813 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
823 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
826 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
832 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
843 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
844 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
851 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
855 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
863 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
870 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
874 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
881 path_kill_slashes(*r);
886 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
889 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
890 struct sigaction sa = {
891 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
892 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
895 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
898 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
899 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
900 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
908 char *strstrip(char *s) {
911 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
912 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
914 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
916 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
917 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
925 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
928 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
930 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
942 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
949 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
955 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
962 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
963 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
966 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
967 return strdup(filename);
969 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
970 return strdup(filename);
972 k = strlen(filename);
973 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
976 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
977 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
982 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
991 /* Skip trailing slashes */
992 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
998 /* Skip last component */
999 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1002 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1003 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1009 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1012 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1021 if (errno != ENOENT)
1028 char hexchar(int x) {
1029 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1031 return table[x & 15];
1034 int unhexchar(char c) {
1036 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1039 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1040 return c - 'a' + 10;
1042 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1043 return c - 'A' + 10;
1048 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1052 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1056 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1057 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1058 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1065 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1071 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1075 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1078 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1080 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1084 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1091 char octchar(int x) {
1092 return '0' + (x & 7);
1095 int unoctchar(char c) {
1097 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1103 char decchar(int x) {
1104 return '0' + (x % 10);
1107 int undecchar(char c) {
1109 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1115 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1121 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1123 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1127 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1173 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1174 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1175 * g_strescape() does the same */
1176 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1178 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1179 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1180 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1191 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1198 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1200 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1202 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1207 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1209 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1252 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1257 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1260 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1261 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1263 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1264 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1268 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1283 /* octal encoding */
1286 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1287 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1288 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1290 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1291 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1295 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1303 /* premature end of string.*/
1308 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1320 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1321 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1324 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1327 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1330 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1334 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1335 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1338 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1342 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1344 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1345 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1348 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1349 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1359 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) {
1365 /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1366 * with. Can be reversed with bus_path_unescape(). We special
1367 * case the empty string. */
1372 r = new(char, strlen(s)*3 + 1);
1376 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1378 /* Escape everything that is not a-zA-Z0-9. We also
1379 * escape 0-9 if it's the first character */
1381 if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') &&
1382 !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') &&
1383 !(f > s && *f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
1385 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1386 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1396 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f) {
1401 /* Special case for the empty string */
1405 r = new(char, strlen(f) + 1);
1409 for (t = r; *f; f++) {
1414 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1415 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1416 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1419 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1431 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1436 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1437 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1438 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1443 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1447 filename[0] == '.' ||
1448 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1449 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1450 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1451 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1452 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1453 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1454 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1455 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1456 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1459 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1462 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1465 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1468 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1473 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1477 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1479 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1481 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1487 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1492 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1496 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1498 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1500 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1506 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1509 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1511 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1518 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1523 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1525 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1530 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1531 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1534 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1535 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1537 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1540 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1541 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1548 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1551 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1554 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1555 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1564 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1567 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1568 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1569 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1578 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1581 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1582 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1589 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1590 static const char table[] =
1600 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1604 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1606 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1612 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1616 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1619 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1622 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1628 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1629 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1631 char line[LINE_MAX];
1636 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1637 new_termios = old_termios;
1639 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1640 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1641 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1643 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1646 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
1647 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1648 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1653 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1655 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1661 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1668 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
1669 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1672 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1677 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1687 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1697 bool need_nl = true;
1700 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1707 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1711 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
1714 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1715 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1726 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1731 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1735 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1736 struct termios termios;
1739 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1743 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1744 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1745 * interfere with that. */
1747 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1748 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1750 /* Switch to text mode */
1752 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1754 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1755 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1757 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1762 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1763 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1764 * else will do that for us */
1766 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1767 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1768 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1769 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1770 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1772 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1773 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1774 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1775 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1776 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1777 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1778 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1779 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1780 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1781 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1782 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1783 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1784 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1786 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1787 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1789 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1793 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1794 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1799 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1802 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1806 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1807 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1812 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1817 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1818 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1819 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1820 * retrying a couple of times.
1822 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1825 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1828 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1835 /* Max 1s in total */
1839 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1848 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1853 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1860 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1861 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1871 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1881 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1887 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1896 int acquire_terminal(
1900 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1903 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1908 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1909 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1910 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1912 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1913 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1914 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1915 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1916 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1917 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1918 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1919 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1921 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
1922 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1924 if (!fail && !force) {
1925 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1931 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1939 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1940 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1941 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1945 r = flush_fd(notify);
1950 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1951 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1952 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1953 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1957 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1958 * if we already own the tty. */
1959 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1961 /* First, try to get the tty */
1962 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
1965 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1967 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
1968 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
1969 * are have this controlling terminal. */
1970 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
1973 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
1982 assert(notify >= 0);
1985 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
1987 struct inotify_event *e;
1989 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) {
1992 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1993 if (ts + timeout < n) {
1998 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2008 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2011 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2018 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2023 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2028 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2029 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2031 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2038 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2039 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2040 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2041 * an endless loop. */
2042 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2046 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2048 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2050 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2056 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2059 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2064 int release_terminal(void) {
2066 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2067 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2068 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2070 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2072 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2076 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2077 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2078 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2080 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2083 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2088 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2093 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2094 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2101 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2102 struct sigaction sa = {
2103 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2104 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2110 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2114 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2115 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2122 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2123 struct sigaction sa = {
2124 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2125 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2130 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2134 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2135 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2142 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2148 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2153 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2157 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2160 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2169 while (nbytes > 0) {
2172 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2174 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2177 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2178 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2183 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2187 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2190 /* We knowingly ignore the revents value here,
2191 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2192 * via read()/write()
2198 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2209 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2218 while (nbytes > 0) {
2221 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2224 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2227 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2228 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2233 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2237 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2240 /* We knowingly ignore the revents value here,
2241 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2242 * via read()/write()
2248 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2259 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
2260 static const struct {
2262 unsigned long long factor;
2266 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2267 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2268 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2269 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2270 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2275 unsigned long long r = 0;
2287 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2298 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2300 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2301 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2302 unsigned long long tmp;
2303 if ((unsigned long long) l > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2305 tmp = l * table[i].factor;
2306 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2310 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2313 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2317 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2327 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2332 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2333 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2334 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2337 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2339 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2342 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2347 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2350 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2354 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2357 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2359 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2360 * sysfs or in /dev */
2363 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2364 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2367 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2368 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2377 union dirent_storage buf;
2379 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2386 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2391 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2392 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2409 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
2410 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2414 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2418 r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
2419 if (r != sizeof(ull))
2425 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2428 unsigned random_u(void) {
2429 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2433 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2437 r = loop_read(fd, &u, sizeof(u), true);
2444 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2447 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2450 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2451 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2452 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2453 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2454 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2455 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2458 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2460 if (program_invocation_name)
2461 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2463 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2467 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2469 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2473 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2478 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2485 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2486 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2490 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2493 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2495 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2496 return strdup(u.nodename);
2498 return strdup(u.sysname);
2501 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2504 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2506 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2509 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2512 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2513 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2515 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2517 return strdup("root");
2519 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2523 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2527 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2528 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2530 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
2536 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2540 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2545 return lookup_uid(uid);
2548 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2555 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2558 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2559 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2564 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2570 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2578 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2582 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2586 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2588 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2595 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2596 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
2597 char line[LINE_MAX], *p;
2598 unsigned long ttynr;
2606 fn = "/proc/self/stat";
2608 fn = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2610 f = fopen(fn, "re");
2614 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
2615 k = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
2619 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2629 "%*d " /* session */
2634 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2641 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2643 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *s, *b, *p;
2648 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2652 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2654 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2660 /* This is an ugly hack */
2661 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2662 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
2672 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2673 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2674 * vaguely useful. */
2687 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2689 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2707 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2713 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2714 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2718 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2720 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2725 union dirent_storage buf;
2726 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2730 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2731 if (r != 0 && ret == 0) {
2739 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2742 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2744 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2745 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2746 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2751 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2754 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2755 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2757 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2758 keep_around = false;
2764 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2765 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2768 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2769 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2770 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2771 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2776 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2777 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2781 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2782 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2786 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2788 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2789 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2800 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2803 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2804 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2807 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2812 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2813 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2817 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2818 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2820 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2821 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2822 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2826 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2829 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2835 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2836 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2837 * seriously broken system. */
2838 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2839 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2843 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2846 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2850 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2853 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2854 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2859 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2860 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2867 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2868 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2872 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2873 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2874 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2879 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2882 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2885 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2894 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2895 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2898 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2899 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2902 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2905 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2906 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2907 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2909 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2910 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2913 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2914 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2920 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2923 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2924 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2925 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2927 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
2930 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
2936 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
2940 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
2943 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
2946 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
2947 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
2957 if (errno != EINVAL)
2964 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
2965 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
2966 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2967 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2968 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
2970 static bool prev_ephemeral;
2974 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
2975 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
2977 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
2980 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2993 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
2999 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
3007 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3008 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3011 if (!isempty(status)) {
3012 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3013 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3014 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3016 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3019 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3021 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3023 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3029 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3035 va_start(ap, format);
3036 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3042 int status_welcome(void) {
3044 _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
3046 r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
3047 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
3048 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
3050 if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
3051 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3053 return status_printf(NULL, false, false,
3054 "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
3055 isempty(ansi_color) ? "1" : ansi_color,
3056 isempty(pretty_name) ? "Linux" : pretty_name);
3059 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3066 const char *e, *word = format;
3071 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3082 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3091 } else if (*e == '$') {
3092 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3108 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3110 k = strappend(r, t);
3124 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3135 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3137 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3139 l = strv_length(argv);
3141 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3144 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3146 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3147 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3152 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3155 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3166 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3175 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3183 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3184 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3194 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3195 struct winsize ws = {};
3197 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3206 unsigned columns(void) {
3210 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3211 return cached_columns;
3214 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3219 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3228 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3229 struct winsize ws = {};
3231 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3240 unsigned lines(void) {
3244 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3245 return cached_lines;
3248 e = getenv("LINES");
3253 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3259 return cached_lines;
3262 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3263 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3269 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3271 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3272 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3274 return cached_on_tty;
3277 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3278 struct stat a = {}, b = {};
3280 /* Only works as root */
3281 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3284 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3288 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3289 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3292 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3297 assert(percent <= 100);
3298 assert(new_length >= 3);
3300 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3301 return strndup(s, old_length);
3303 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3307 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3309 if (x > new_length - 3)
3317 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3318 new_length - x - 3);
3323 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3327 unsigned k, len, len2;
3330 assert(percent <= 100);
3331 assert(new_length >= 3);
3333 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3334 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3335 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3337 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3338 return strndup(s, old_length);
3340 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3342 if (x > new_length - 3)
3346 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3349 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3352 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3355 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3358 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3361 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3362 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3365 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3369 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3371 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3373 /* make space for ellipsis */
3374 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3377 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3378 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3383 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3384 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3388 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3392 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3397 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3398 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3401 int touch(const char *path) {
3406 /* This just opens the file for writing, ensuring it
3407 * exists. It doesn't call utimensat() the way /usr/bin/touch
3410 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
3414 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3418 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3422 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3423 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3424 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3431 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3432 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3437 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3438 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3441 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3453 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3457 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3465 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3469 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3475 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3486 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3498 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3505 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3507 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3511 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3512 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3513 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3514 return status.si_status;
3517 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3520 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3521 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3523 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3527 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3531 _noreturn_ void freeze(void) {
3533 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3534 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3542 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3545 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3548 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3554 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3559 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3562 return null_or_empty(&st);
3565 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3569 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3571 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3577 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
3584 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3588 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3590 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3591 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3596 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3597 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3601 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3605 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3606 t = new(char, enc_len);
3610 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3613 if (asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-%s/%s", by, t) < 0)
3619 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3622 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3623 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3625 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3626 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3628 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3629 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3631 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3632 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3637 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3640 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3643 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3646 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3649 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3652 return streq(tty, "console");
3655 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3660 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3663 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3666 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3669 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3673 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3679 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3682 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3683 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3685 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3688 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3691 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3692 * /dev/console points to */
3693 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3702 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3703 char *active = NULL;
3708 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3711 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3712 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3723 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3726 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3729 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3732 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3735 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3736 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3737 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3743 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3746 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3747 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3748 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3751 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3754 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3757 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
3760 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3764 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and
3765 * waits for them to finish. */
3768 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
3770 if (errno == ENOENT)
3773 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3780 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
3781 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
3785 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
3790 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3793 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
3798 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
3799 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3817 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3818 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3821 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
3823 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
3824 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
3829 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3830 pid_t pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3834 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
3839 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
3843 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
3844 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status, NULL)) {
3845 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
3846 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
3848 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
3850 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
3861 hashmap_free_free(pids);
3864 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3867 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
3875 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
3881 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
3882 if (streq(i, needle))
3888 bool plymouth_running(void) {
3889 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
3892 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
3901 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
3903 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
3904 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
3905 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
3911 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
3918 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3925 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
3935 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
3941 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
3945 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3952 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
3953 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
3964 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
3969 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
3971 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3973 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
3976 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
3983 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
3986 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
3988 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3993 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? -1 : (int) (t / USEC_PER_MSEC));
4000 return pollfd.revents;
4003 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4014 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
4018 fn = path_get_file_name(path);
4022 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
4024 fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4030 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4043 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4046 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4052 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4055 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4059 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4060 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4065 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4069 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4070 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4071 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4073 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4076 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4077 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4078 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4080 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4085 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4086 "\033[H" /* move home */
4087 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4089 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4094 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4097 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4104 /* Try to deallocate */
4105 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4109 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4110 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4118 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4120 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4125 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4126 "\033[H" /* move home */
4127 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4129 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4134 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to, int flags) {
4135 _cleanup_close_ int fdf = -1;
4141 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
4145 fdt = open(to, flags|O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
4153 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
4167 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
4169 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
4178 r = close_nointr(fdt);
4188 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4190 _cleanup_free_ char *t;
4193 unsigned long long ull;
4200 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
4204 fn = path_get_file_name(to);
4208 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
4211 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
4212 *(x++) = hexchar(ull & 0xF);
4218 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4221 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4230 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4234 display[0] == ':' &&
4235 display[1] >= '0' &&
4239 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4246 if (!display_is_local(display))
4249 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4251 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
4255 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4256 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4265 const char **username,
4266 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4268 const char **shell) {
4276 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4277 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4279 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4297 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4301 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4302 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4303 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4304 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4305 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4307 *username = p->pw_name;
4310 p = getpwnam(*username);
4314 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4326 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4331 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4336 return strdup("root");
4340 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4342 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
4348 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4353 return strdup("root");
4357 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4359 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) gid) < 0)
4365 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4371 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4372 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4374 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4375 *groupname = "root";
4383 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4388 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4391 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4395 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4403 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4405 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4407 if (getgid() == gid)
4410 if (getegid() == gid)
4413 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4414 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4416 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4418 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4422 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4429 int in_group(const char *name) {
4433 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4440 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4441 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4447 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4449 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4451 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4454 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4456 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4459 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4460 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4465 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4467 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4469 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4471 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4472 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4474 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4475 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4483 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4489 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4492 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4496 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4497 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4498 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4499 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4500 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4501 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4502 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4508 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
4510 _cleanup_free_ char *parent = NULL;
4513 r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
4517 STRV_FOREACH(i, search)
4518 if (path_equal(parent, *i))
4524 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4525 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4526 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4527 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4531 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4532 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4541 union dirent_storage buf;
4544 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
4551 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4553 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4557 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4558 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4561 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4572 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4578 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4592 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4597 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4621 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4635 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4636 static __thread int cached = 0;
4638 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4639 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4644 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4651 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4652 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4655 r = access(p, F_OK);
4663 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4664 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4667 r = access(p, F_OK);
4673 /* Get parent dev_t */
4674 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4677 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4683 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4689 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4690 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4693 r = access(p, F_OK);
4697 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4704 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4709 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4713 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4714 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4717 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4718 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4719 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4720 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4721 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4724 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4726 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4727 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4728 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4729 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4730 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4731 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4732 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4735 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4737 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4738 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4739 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4740 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4741 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4742 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4743 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4744 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4745 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4746 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4747 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4748 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4749 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4750 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4751 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4752 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4753 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4754 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4755 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4756 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4757 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4760 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4762 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4763 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4764 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4765 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4767 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4768 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4769 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4770 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4773 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4775 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4776 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4777 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4778 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4779 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4783 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4785 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
4786 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4787 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4788 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4789 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4790 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4791 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4792 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4793 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4794 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4795 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4796 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4797 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4798 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4799 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4800 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4801 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4804 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4806 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4807 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4808 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4809 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4810 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4813 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4815 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4832 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4843 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4845 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4851 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4853 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4854 static __thread char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4857 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4861 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4862 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4864 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4869 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4874 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4878 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4882 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4883 signo = (int) u + offset;
4884 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4890 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4891 bool loaded = false;
4894 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4902 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
4920 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4922 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
4931 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
4938 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
4941 static const struct {
4945 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4946 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4947 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4948 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4949 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
4953 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
4955 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
4958 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
4959 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
4966 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
4974 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
4987 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4989 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4991 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
4993 l == sizeof(value) &&
4994 (size_t) value >= n*2)
4998 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
5005 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5007 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5009 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5011 l == sizeof(value) &&
5012 (size_t) value >= n*2)
5016 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
5023 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5024 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5026 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5034 parent_pid = getpid();
5036 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5043 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5050 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5051 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5052 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5054 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5055 * to set the death signal */
5056 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5057 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5059 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5060 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5062 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5063 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5065 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5066 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5067 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5068 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5069 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5070 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5071 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5072 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5073 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5075 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5076 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5080 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5083 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5089 /* Count arguments */
5091 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5096 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5098 /* Fill in arguments */
5100 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5101 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5105 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5108 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5109 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5113 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5119 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5120 * to get as close as we can */
5121 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5123 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5124 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5126 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5132 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5133 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5145 path = "/proc/self/environ";
5147 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5149 f = fopen(path, "re");
5157 char line[LINE_MAX];
5160 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5164 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5174 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5175 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5189 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5192 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5195 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5198 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5201 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5204 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5210 bool in_initrd(void) {
5211 static __thread int saved = -1;
5217 /* We make two checks here:
5219 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5220 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5222 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5223 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5224 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5227 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5228 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5229 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5234 void warn_melody(void) {
5235 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5237 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5241 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5243 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5244 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5246 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5247 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5249 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5250 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5252 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5255 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5258 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5260 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1);
5262 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5268 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5275 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5283 /* Take the user specified one */
5294 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5297 h = strdup("/root");
5305 /* Check the database... */
5309 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5311 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5314 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5322 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5336 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5342 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5347 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5348 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5351 if (strchr("\\\"\'", *t))
5359 * Check if a string contains control characters.
5360 * Spaces and tabs are not considered control characters.
5362 bool string_has_cc(const char *p) {
5367 for (t = p; *t; t++)
5368 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ' && *t != '\t')
5374 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5379 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5382 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5385 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5386 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5389 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5395 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5396 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5397 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5406 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5407 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5410 else if (comparison > 0)
5418 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5420 static int cached_answer = -1;
5422 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5425 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5426 cached_answer = true;
5430 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5432 cached_answer = true;
5436 if(streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5437 cached_answer = true;
5441 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5442 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5443 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5445 cached_answer = true;
5449 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5453 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5454 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5458 return (bool) cached_answer;
5461 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5462 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5464 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5465 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5466 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5467 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5468 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243 ", /* ‣ */
5469 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217 ", /* ● */
5471 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5472 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "| ",
5473 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5474 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5475 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5476 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "> ",
5477 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "* ",
5481 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5484 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5487 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5493 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5494 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5507 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5513 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5514 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5522 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5534 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5535 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5540 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5542 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5548 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5550 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5552 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5556 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5561 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5563 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5564 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5565 else if (*i == '\t')
5572 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5575 } else if (*i == '[') {
5576 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5581 state = STATE_OTHER;
5588 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5589 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5592 state = STATE_OTHER;
5594 } else if (*i == 'm')
5595 state = STATE_OTHER;
5617 int on_ac_power(void) {
5618 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5619 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5621 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5627 union dirent_storage buf;
5628 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5633 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
5640 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5643 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5645 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5651 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5653 if (errno == ENOENT)
5659 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5663 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5666 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5667 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5669 if (errno == ENOENT)
5675 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5679 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5682 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5683 found_online = true;
5685 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5686 found_offline = true;
5691 return found_online || !found_offline;
5694 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5701 if (!path_strv_canonicalize_uniq(search))
5704 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5705 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5708 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5718 if (errno != ENOENT)
5725 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5726 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5732 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5735 f = fopen(path, mode);
5744 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5748 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, copy, _f);
5751 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5752 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5754 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5757 f = fopen(path, mode);
5766 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5770 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, s, _f);
5773 int create_tmp_dir(char template[], char** dir_name) {
5775 char *d = NULL, *dt;
5779 RUN_WITH_UMASK(0077) {
5780 d = mkdtemp(template);
5783 log_error("Can't create directory %s: %m", template);
5787 dt = strjoin(d, "/tmp", NULL);
5793 RUN_WITH_UMASK(0000) {
5794 r = mkdir(dt, 0777);
5797 log_error("Can't create directory %s: %m", dt);
5801 log_debug("Created temporary directory %s", dt);
5803 r = chmod(dt, 0777 | S_ISVTX);
5805 log_error("Failed to chmod %s: %m", dt);
5809 log_debug("Set sticky bit on %s", dt);
5823 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5830 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5837 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5842 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5851 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5861 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5875 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5883 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5887 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5894 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need) {
5898 if (*allocated >= need)
5901 a = MAX(64u, need * 2);
5911 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
5917 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
5919 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5922 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5923 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5924 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5928 } else if (l == 36) {
5930 /* Formatted UUID */
5932 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5935 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
5939 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5940 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5941 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5952 void parse_user_at_host(char *arg, char **user, char **host) {
5957 *host = strchr(arg, '@');
5966 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
5981 a = strndup(s, x - s);
5985 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
5997 int shall_restore_state(void) {
5998 _cleanup_free_ char *line;
6003 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6006 if (r == 0) /* Container ... */
6009 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state)
6010 if (l == 23 && memcmp(w, "systemd.restore_state=0", 23))
6016 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
6019 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
6024 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);