1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
46 #include <sys/prctl.h>
47 #include <sys/utsname.h>
49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
65 #include "path-util.h"
66 #include "exit-status.h"
70 char **saved_argv = NULL;
72 size_t page_size(void) {
73 static __thread size_t pgsz = 0;
76 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
79 assert_se((r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE)) > 0);
86 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
88 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
99 usec_t now(clockid_t clock_id) {
102 assert_se(clock_gettime(clock_id, &ts) == 0);
104 return timespec_load(&ts);
107 dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_get(dual_timestamp *ts) {
110 ts->realtime = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
111 ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
116 dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_from_realtime(dual_timestamp *ts, usec_t u) {
125 delta = (int64_t) now(CLOCK_REALTIME) - (int64_t) u;
127 ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
129 if ((int64_t) ts->monotonic > delta)
130 ts->monotonic -= delta;
138 usec_t timespec_load(const struct timespec *ts) {
142 (usec_t) ts->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
143 (usec_t) ts->tv_nsec / NSEC_PER_USEC;
146 struct timespec *timespec_store(struct timespec *ts, usec_t u) {
149 ts->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
150 ts->tv_nsec = (long int) ((u % USEC_PER_SEC) * NSEC_PER_USEC);
155 usec_t timeval_load(const struct timeval *tv) {
159 (usec_t) tv->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
160 (usec_t) tv->tv_usec;
163 struct timeval *timeval_store(struct timeval *tv, usec_t u) {
166 tv->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
167 tv->tv_usec = (suseconds_t) (u % USEC_PER_SEC);
172 bool endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
179 pl = strlen(postfix);
187 return memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) == 0;
190 bool startswith(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
205 return memcmp(s, prefix, pl) == 0;
208 bool startswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
224 for(i = 0; i < pl; ++i) {
225 if (tolower(s[i]) != tolower(prefix[i]))
232 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
247 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
251 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
254 int close_nointr(int fd) {
269 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
270 int saved_errno = errno;
272 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
275 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
280 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
283 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
284 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
287 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
290 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || !strcasecmp(v, "on"))
292 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || !strcasecmp(v, "off"))
298 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
299 unsigned long ul = 0;
306 if ((r = safe_atolu(s, &ul)) < 0)
311 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
321 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
322 unsigned long ul = 0;
329 if ((r = safe_atolu(s, &ul)) < 0)
334 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
341 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
349 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
351 if (!x || *x || errno)
352 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
354 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
357 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
361 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
369 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
371 if (!x || *x || errno)
372 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
374 if ((long) (int) l != l)
381 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
383 unsigned long long l;
389 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
391 if (!x || *x || errno)
392 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
398 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
406 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
408 if (!x || *x || errno)
409 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
415 /* Split a string into words. */
416 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
419 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
421 if (!*current || *c == 0)
424 current += strspn(current, separator);
425 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
428 return (char*) current;
431 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
432 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
433 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
435 bool escaped = false;
437 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
439 if (!*current || *c == 0)
442 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
444 if (*current == '\'') {
447 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
457 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
458 } else if (*current == '\"') {
461 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
471 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
473 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
478 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
485 return (char*) current;
488 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
491 char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
497 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
500 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
503 if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))) {
504 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
511 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
512 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
513 * skip over it manually */
515 if (!(p = strrchr(line, ')')))
526 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
529 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
534 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
537 char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
542 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
545 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
548 if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))) {
549 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
556 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
557 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
558 * skip over it manually */
560 if (!(p = strrchr(line, ')')))
581 "%*d " /* priority */
583 "%*d " /* num_threads */
584 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
585 "%llu " /* starttime */,
592 int write_one_line_file(const char *fn, const char *line) {
604 if (fputs(line, f) < 0) {
609 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
627 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
632 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
638 int write_one_line_file_atomic(const char *fn, const char *line) {
646 r = fopen_temporary(fn, &f, &p);
650 fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644);
653 if (fputs(line, f) < 0) {
658 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
669 if (rename(p, fn) < 0)
685 int read_one_line_file(const char *fn, char **line) {
688 char t[LINE_MAX], *c;
697 if (!fgets(t, sizeof(t), f)) {
723 int read_full_file(const char *fn, char **contents, size_t *size) {
730 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
733 if (fstat(fileno(f), &st) < 0) {
739 if (st.st_size > 4*1024*1024) {
744 n = st.st_size > 0 ? st.st_size : LINE_MAX;
751 if (!(t = realloc(buf, n+1))) {
757 k = fread(buf + l, 1, n - l, f);
772 if (n > 4*1024*1024) {
796 const char *separator, ...) {
799 char *contents = NULL, *p;
804 if ((r = read_full_file(fname, &contents, NULL)) < 0)
809 const char *key = NULL;
811 p += strspn(p, separator);
812 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
817 if (!strchr(COMMENTS, *p)) {
821 va_start(ap, separator);
822 while ((key = va_arg(ap, char *))) {
826 value = va_arg(ap, char **);
829 if (strncmp(p, key, n) != 0 ||
834 n = strcspn(p, separator);
837 strchr(QUOTES, p[0]) &&
839 v = strndup(p+1, n-2);
850 /* return empty value strings as NULL */
867 p += strcspn(p, separator);
886 if (!(f = fopen(fname, "re")))
890 char l[LINE_MAX], *p, *u;
893 if (!fgets(l, sizeof(l), f)) {
906 if (strchr(COMMENTS, *p))
909 if (!(u = normalize_env_assignment(p))) {
910 log_error("Out of memory");
915 t = strv_append(m, u);
919 log_error("Out of memory");
942 int write_env_file(const char *fname, char **l) {
947 r = fopen_temporary(fname, &f, &p);
951 fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644);
967 if (rename(p, fname) < 0)
982 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
985 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
989 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
995 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/self/comm", name);
998 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/comm", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1001 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
1008 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
1015 assert(max_length > 0);
1019 f = fopen("/proc/self/cmdline", "re");
1022 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1032 r = new(char, max_length);
1040 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
1062 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
1063 memcpy(k, "...", n);
1070 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
1080 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
1084 r = join("[", t, "]", NULL);
1095 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
1105 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1114 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1118 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
1121 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
1126 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
1132 r = readlink_malloc("/proc/self/exe", name);
1135 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/exe", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1138 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
1145 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
1155 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/status", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1165 char line[LINE_MAX], *l;
1167 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
1177 if (startswith(l, "Uid:")) {
1179 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
1181 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
1183 r = parse_uid(l, uid);
1196 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
1204 return strndup(suffix, b);
1214 if (!(r = new(char, a+b+1)))
1218 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
1224 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
1225 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
1228 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
1238 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
1241 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
1247 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
1258 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
1265 if ((j = readlink_malloc(p, &target)) < 0)
1268 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
1278 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
1285 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
1289 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1296 path_kill_slashes(*r);
1301 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1304 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1305 struct sigaction sa;
1307 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1311 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
1312 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
1314 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1315 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1316 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1317 if (errno != EINVAL)
1324 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1327 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1328 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1330 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1332 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
1333 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
1341 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1344 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1346 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1347 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1358 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
1364 for (i = s; *i; i++)
1365 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
1371 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1378 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1379 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1382 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1383 return strdup(filename);
1385 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1386 return strdup(filename);
1388 k = strlen(filename);
1389 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1392 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1393 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1398 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1407 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1408 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1414 /* Skip last component */
1415 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1418 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1419 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1425 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1428 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1437 if (errno != ENOENT)
1445 char hexchar(int x) {
1446 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1448 return table[x & 15];
1451 int unhexchar(char c) {
1453 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1456 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1457 return c - 'a' + 10;
1459 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1460 return c - 'A' + 10;
1465 char octchar(int x) {
1466 return '0' + (x & 7);
1469 int unoctchar(char c) {
1471 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1477 char decchar(int x) {
1478 return '0' + (x % 10);
1481 int undecchar(char c) {
1483 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1489 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1495 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1497 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1501 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1547 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1548 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1549 * g_strescape() does the same */
1550 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1552 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1553 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1554 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1565 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1571 /* Undoes C style string escaping */
1573 r = new(char, length+1);
1577 for (f = s, t = r; f < s + length; f++) {
1620 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1625 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1628 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1629 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1631 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1632 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1636 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1651 /* octal encoding */
1654 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1655 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1656 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1658 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1659 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1663 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1671 /* premature end of string.*/
1676 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1688 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1689 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1692 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1696 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1697 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1700 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*4+1)))
1703 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1705 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1706 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1709 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1710 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1720 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) {
1726 /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1727 * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape() */
1729 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*3+1)))
1732 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1734 if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') &&
1735 !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') &&
1736 !(*f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
1738 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1739 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1749 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f) {
1754 if (!(r = strdup(f)))
1757 for (t = r; *f; f++) {
1762 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1763 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1764 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1767 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1779 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1784 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1785 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1786 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1791 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1795 filename[0] == '.' ||
1796 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1797 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1798 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1799 endswith(filename, "~") ||
1800 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1801 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1802 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1803 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1804 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1805 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1808 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1813 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1817 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1819 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1821 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1827 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1832 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1836 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1838 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1840 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1846 static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1849 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1851 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1858 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1863 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1865 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1870 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1871 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1874 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1875 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1877 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1880 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1881 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1888 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1891 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1894 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1895 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1904 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1907 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1908 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1909 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1918 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1921 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1922 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1929 char *format_timestamp(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
1939 sec = (time_t) (t / USEC_PER_SEC);
1941 if (strftime(buf, l, "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z", localtime_r(&sec, &tm)) <= 0)
1947 char *format_timestamp_pretty(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
1950 n = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
1952 if (t <= 0 || t > n || t + USEC_PER_DAY*7 <= t)
1957 if (d >= USEC_PER_YEAR)
1958 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu years and %llu months ago",
1959 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_YEAR),
1960 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_YEAR) / USEC_PER_MONTH));
1961 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MONTH)
1962 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu months and %llu days ago",
1963 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MONTH),
1964 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MONTH) / USEC_PER_DAY));
1965 else if (d >= USEC_PER_WEEK)
1966 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu weeks and %llu days ago",
1967 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_WEEK),
1968 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_WEEK) / USEC_PER_DAY));
1969 else if (d >= 2*USEC_PER_DAY)
1970 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu days ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_DAY));
1971 else if (d >= 25*USEC_PER_HOUR)
1972 snprintf(buf, l, "1 day and %lluh ago",
1973 (unsigned long long) ((d - USEC_PER_DAY) / USEC_PER_HOUR));
1974 else if (d >= 6*USEC_PER_HOUR)
1975 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh ago",
1976 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR));
1977 else if (d >= USEC_PER_HOUR)
1978 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh %llumin ago",
1979 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR),
1980 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_HOUR) / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
1981 else if (d >= 5*USEC_PER_MINUTE)
1982 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin ago",
1983 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
1984 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MINUTE)
1985 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin %llus ago",
1986 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE),
1987 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MINUTE) / USEC_PER_SEC));
1988 else if (d >= USEC_PER_SEC)
1989 snprintf(buf, l, "%llus ago",
1990 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_SEC));
1991 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MSEC)
1992 snprintf(buf, l, "%llums ago",
1993 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MSEC));
1995 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluus ago",
1996 (unsigned long long) d);
1998 snprintf(buf, l, "now");
2004 char *format_timespan(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
2005 static const struct {
2009 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
2010 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
2011 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2012 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2013 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
2014 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2024 if (t == (usec_t) -1)
2028 snprintf(p, l, "0");
2033 /* The result of this function can be parsed with parse_usec */
2035 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
2039 if (t < table[i].usec)
2045 k = snprintf(p, l, "%s%llu%s", p > buf ? " " : "", (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].usec), table[i].suffix);
2046 n = MIN((size_t) k, l);
2059 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
2060 static const char * const table[] = {
2072 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2073 if (streq(table[i], fstype))
2082 if ((fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2087 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
2091 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0) {
2096 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
2099 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
2103 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2107 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
2108 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
2110 char line[LINE_MAX];
2115 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
2116 new_termios = old_termios;
2118 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
2119 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2120 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2122 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
2125 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
2126 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
2127 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
2132 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
2134 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
2140 *need_nl = c != '\n';
2147 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
2148 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
2151 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
2156 if (strlen(line) != 1)
2166 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
2173 on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
2179 bool need_nl = true;
2182 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
2189 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
2193 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
2196 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
2197 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
2208 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
2213 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
2217 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
2218 struct termios termios;
2221 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
2225 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
2226 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
2227 * interfere with that. */
2229 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
2230 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
2232 /* Switch to text mode */
2234 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
2236 /* Enable console unicode mode */
2237 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
2239 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
2244 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
2245 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
2246 * else will do that for us */
2248 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
2249 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
2250 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
2251 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
2252 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
2254 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
2255 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
2256 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
2257 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
2258 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
2259 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
2260 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
2261 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
2262 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
2263 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
2264 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
2265 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
2266 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
2268 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2269 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2271 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
2275 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
2276 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
2281 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
2284 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2288 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2289 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2294 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
2299 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
2300 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
2301 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
2302 * retrying a couple of times.
2304 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
2308 if ((fd = open(name, mode)) >= 0)
2317 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
2324 if ((r = isatty(fd)) < 0) {
2325 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2330 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2337 int flush_fd(int fd) {
2338 struct pollfd pollfd;
2342 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2349 if ((r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0)) < 0) {
2360 if ((l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf))) < 0) {
2365 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2376 int acquire_terminal(const char *name, bool fail, bool force, bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm) {
2377 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r, wd = -1;
2381 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2382 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2383 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2385 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2386 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2387 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2388 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2389 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2390 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2391 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2392 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2394 if (!fail && !force) {
2395 if ((notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
2400 if ((wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE)) < 0) {
2408 if ((r = flush_fd(notify)) < 0)
2411 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2412 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2413 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2414 if ((fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2417 /* First, try to get the tty */
2418 r = ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force);
2420 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2421 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2422 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2423 if (r < 0 && errno == EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2426 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || errno != EPERM)) {
2436 assert(notify >= 0);
2439 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
2441 struct inotify_event *e;
2443 if ((l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer))) < 0) {
2452 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2457 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2462 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2463 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2465 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2472 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2473 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2474 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2475 * an endless loop. */
2476 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2480 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2482 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2484 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2490 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2493 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2498 int release_terminal(void) {
2500 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new;
2502 if ((fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2505 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2506 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2509 sa_new.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2510 sa_new.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2511 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2513 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2516 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2518 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2522 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2527 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2528 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2535 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2536 struct sigaction sa;
2541 sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2542 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2544 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2548 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2549 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2556 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2557 struct sigaction sa;
2562 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
2563 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2565 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2569 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2570 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2577 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2583 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2588 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2592 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2595 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2604 while (nbytes > 0) {
2607 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2609 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2612 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2613 struct pollfd pollfd;
2617 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2619 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2623 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2626 if (pollfd.revents != POLLIN)
2627 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2632 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2643 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2652 while (nbytes > 0) {
2655 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2658 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2661 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2662 struct pollfd pollfd;
2666 pollfd.events = POLLOUT;
2668 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2672 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2675 if (pollfd.revents != POLLOUT)
2676 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2681 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2692 int parse_usec(const char *t, usec_t *usec) {
2693 static const struct {
2697 { "sec", USEC_PER_SEC },
2698 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
2699 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2700 { "hr", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2701 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2702 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
2703 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
2704 { "msec", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2705 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2706 { "m", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2709 { "", USEC_PER_SEC }, /* default is sec */
2725 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2736 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2738 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2739 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2740 r += (usec_t) l * table[i].usec;
2741 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2745 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2755 int parse_nsec(const char *t, nsec_t *nsec) {
2756 static const struct {
2760 { "sec", NSEC_PER_SEC },
2761 { "s", NSEC_PER_SEC },
2762 { "min", NSEC_PER_MINUTE },
2763 { "hr", NSEC_PER_HOUR },
2764 { "h", NSEC_PER_HOUR },
2765 { "d", NSEC_PER_DAY },
2766 { "w", NSEC_PER_WEEK },
2767 { "msec", NSEC_PER_MSEC },
2768 { "ms", NSEC_PER_MSEC },
2769 { "m", NSEC_PER_MINUTE },
2770 { "usec", NSEC_PER_USEC },
2771 { "us", NSEC_PER_USEC },
2774 { "", 1ULL }, /* default is nsec */
2790 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2801 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2803 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2804 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2805 r += (nsec_t) l * table[i].nsec;
2806 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2810 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2820 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
2821 static const struct {
2827 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2828 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2829 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2830 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2831 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2848 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2859 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2861 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2862 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2863 r += (off_t) l * table[i].factor;
2864 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2868 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2878 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2883 r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
2884 s = dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
2885 t = dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
2888 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2890 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2893 fd_cloexec(STDIN_FILENO, false);
2894 fd_cloexec(STDOUT_FILENO, false);
2895 fd_cloexec(STDERR_FILENO, false);
2900 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2903 if ((null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
2906 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2909 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2911 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2912 * sysfs or in /dev */
2915 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2916 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2919 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2922 struct dirent buf, *de;
2924 if (!(d = opendir(path)))
2928 if ((r = readdir_r(d, &buf, &de)) > 0) {
2938 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name)) {
2948 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
2953 if ((fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
2956 r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
2957 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2959 if (r != sizeof(ull))
2965 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2968 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2971 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2972 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2973 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2974 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2975 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2976 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2979 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2981 if (program_invocation_name)
2982 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2984 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2988 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2990 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2994 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2999 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
3006 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
3007 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
3011 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
3014 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
3016 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
3017 return strdup(u.nodename);
3019 return strdup(u.sysname);
3022 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
3025 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
3027 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
3030 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
3034 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
3037 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
3042 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
3044 return strdup("root");
3046 if ((bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX)) <= 0)
3049 if (!(buf = malloc(bufsize)))
3052 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw) {
3053 name = strdup(pw->pw_name);
3060 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
3066 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
3067 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
3072 if ((k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path))) != 0)
3077 if (!(c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path)))
3084 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
3088 if ((k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s)) < 0)
3091 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
3093 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
3100 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
3102 char line[LINE_MAX], *p, *fn;
3103 unsigned long ttynr;
3106 if (asprintf(&fn, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) (pid <= 0 ? getpid() : pid)) < 0)
3109 f = fopen(fn, "re");
3114 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
3115 k = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
3122 p = strrchr(line, ')');
3132 "%*d " /* session */
3141 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
3143 char fn[PATH_MAX], *s, *b, *p;
3148 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
3152 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
3155 if ((k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s)) < 0) {
3160 /* This is an ugly hack */
3161 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
3162 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
3172 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
3173 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
3174 * vaguely useful. */
3176 if (!(b = strdup(fn + 5)))
3186 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
3188 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
3206 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
3212 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
3213 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
3217 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3219 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
3223 struct dirent buf, *de;
3224 bool is_dir, keep_around;
3228 r = readdir_r(d, &buf, &de);
3229 if (r != 0 && ret == 0) {
3237 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
3240 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
3242 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
3243 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
3244 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3249 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
3252 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3253 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3255 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
3256 keep_around = false;
3262 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
3263 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
3266 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
3267 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3268 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
3269 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3274 r = rm_rf_children(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3275 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
3279 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
3280 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3284 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
3286 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
3287 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3298 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3304 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3307 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
3310 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
3311 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3317 r = rm_rf_children(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
3321 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
3324 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
3333 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3336 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3337 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3338 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3340 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
3341 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3344 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
3345 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3351 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3354 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3355 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3356 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3358 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3361 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3367 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3371 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3374 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3377 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3378 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3388 if (errno != EINVAL)
3395 void status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3397 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3399 struct iovec iovec[5];
3404 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3405 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3407 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3410 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3423 sl = status ? strlen(status_indent) : 0;
3429 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
3439 if (!isempty(status)) {
3440 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3441 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3442 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3444 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3447 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3448 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3450 writev(fd, iovec, n);
3456 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3459 void status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, const char *format, ...) {
3464 va_start(ap, format);
3465 status_vprintf(status, ellipse, format, ap);
3469 void status_welcome(void) {
3470 char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
3471 const char *const_pretty = NULL, *const_color = NULL;
3474 if ((r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
3475 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
3476 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
3480 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3483 if (!pretty_name && !const_pretty)
3484 const_pretty = "Linux";
3486 if (!ansi_color && !const_color)
3491 "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
3492 const_color ? const_color : ansi_color,
3493 const_pretty ? const_pretty : pretty_name);
3499 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3506 const char *e, *word = format;
3511 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3522 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3531 } else if (*e == '$') {
3532 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3548 if (!(t = strv_env_get_with_length(env, word+2, e-word-2)))
3551 if (!(k = strappend(r, t)))
3564 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3575 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3577 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3579 l = strv_length(argv);
3581 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3584 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3586 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3587 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3592 if ((e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1))) {
3594 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3605 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3614 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3622 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3623 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3633 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3637 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3646 unsigned columns(void) {
3647 static __thread int parsed_columns = 0;
3650 if (_likely_(parsed_columns > 0))
3651 return parsed_columns;
3653 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3655 parsed_columns = atoi(e);
3657 if (parsed_columns <= 0)
3658 parsed_columns = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3660 if (parsed_columns <= 0)
3661 parsed_columns = 80;
3663 return parsed_columns;
3666 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3670 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3679 unsigned lines(void) {
3680 static __thread int parsed_lines = 0;
3683 if (_likely_(parsed_lines > 0))
3684 return parsed_lines;
3686 e = getenv("LINES");
3688 parsed_lines = atoi(e);
3690 if (parsed_lines <= 0)
3691 parsed_lines = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3693 if (parsed_lines <= 0)
3696 return parsed_lines;
3699 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3705 /* Only works as root */
3707 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3710 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3714 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3715 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3718 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3723 assert(percent <= 100);
3724 assert(new_length >= 3);
3726 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3727 return strndup(s, old_length);
3729 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3733 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3735 if (x > new_length - 3)
3743 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3744 new_length - x - 3);
3749 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3750 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3753 int touch(const char *path) {
3758 if ((fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644)) < 0)
3761 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3765 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3773 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3774 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3779 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3780 char *name, *value, *p, *r;
3785 if (!(r = strdup(s)))
3791 if (!(name = strndup(s, p - s)))
3794 if (!(p = strdup(p+1))) {
3799 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3807 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", name, value) < 0)
3816 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3827 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3839 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3846 if ((r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status)) < 0) {
3847 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3851 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3852 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3853 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3854 return status.si_status;
3857 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3860 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3861 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3863 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3867 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3872 _noreturn_ void freeze(void) {
3874 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3875 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3883 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3886 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3889 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3895 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3900 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3903 return null_or_empty(&st);
3906 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3910 if ((nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags)) < 0)
3913 if (!(d = fdopendir(nfd))) {
3914 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
3921 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3925 if ((signo = signal_from_string(s)) <= 0)
3926 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3927 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3932 void dual_timestamp_serialize(FILE *f, const char *name, dual_timestamp *t) {
3938 if (!dual_timestamp_is_set(t))
3941 fprintf(f, "%s=%llu %llu\n",
3943 (unsigned long long) t->realtime,
3944 (unsigned long long) t->monotonic);
3947 void dual_timestamp_deserialize(const char *value, dual_timestamp *t) {
3948 unsigned long long a, b;
3953 if (sscanf(value, "%lli %llu", &a, &b) != 2)
3954 log_debug("Failed to parse finish timestamp value %s", value);
3961 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3965 /* FIXME: to follow udev's logic 100% we need to leave valid
3966 * UTF8 chars unescaped */
3968 if (startswith(p, "LABEL=")) {
3970 if (!(u = unquote(p+6, "\"\'")))
3973 t = xescape(u, "/ ");
3979 r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-label/%s", t);
3988 if (startswith(p, "UUID=")) {
3990 if (!(u = unquote(p+5, "\"\'")))
3993 t = xescape(u, "/ ");
3999 r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-uuid/%s", t);
4011 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
4014 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4017 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
4020 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
4023 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4026 return streq(tty, "console");
4029 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
4034 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4037 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
4040 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
4043 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
4047 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
4053 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
4054 char *active = NULL;
4059 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4062 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is
4063 * actually ours (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign
4064 * for container setups) */
4065 if (streq(tty, "console") && path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") <= 0)
4066 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", &active) >= 0) {
4067 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the
4068 * last one is what /dev/console points to */
4069 tty = strrchr(active, ' ');
4082 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
4085 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
4088 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
4091 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
4094 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4095 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4096 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4102 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
4105 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4108 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
4111 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
4114 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
4118 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
4119 * until all they all finished. */
4122 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
4124 if (errno == ENOENT)
4127 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
4134 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
4135 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
4139 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
4144 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4147 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
4148 log_error("Out of memory");
4152 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
4153 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
4171 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
4172 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4175 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
4177 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
4178 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
4183 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
4184 pid_t pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
4189 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
4194 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
4198 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
4199 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status)) {
4200 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
4201 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
4203 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
4205 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
4216 hashmap_free_free(pids);
4219 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4222 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4230 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4236 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4237 if (streq(i, needle))
4243 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4244 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4247 void parse_syslog_priority(char **p, int *priority) {
4248 int a = 0, b = 0, c = 0;
4258 if (!strchr(*p, '>'))
4261 if ((*p)[2] == '>') {
4262 c = undecchar((*p)[1]);
4264 } else if ((*p)[3] == '>') {
4265 b = undecchar((*p)[1]);
4266 c = undecchar((*p)[2]);
4268 } else if ((*p)[4] == '>') {
4269 a = undecchar((*p)[1]);
4270 b = undecchar((*p)[2]);
4271 c = undecchar((*p)[3]);
4276 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0)
4279 *priority = a*100+b*10+c;
4283 void skip_syslog_pid(char **buf) {
4295 p += strspn(p, "0123456789");
4305 void skip_syslog_date(char **buf) {
4313 LETTER, LETTER, LETTER,
4315 SPACE_OR_NUMBER, NUMBER,
4317 SPACE_OR_NUMBER, NUMBER,
4319 SPACE_OR_NUMBER, NUMBER,
4321 SPACE_OR_NUMBER, NUMBER,
4333 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(sequence); i++, p++) {
4338 switch (sequence[i]) {
4345 case SPACE_OR_NUMBER:
4352 if (*p < '0' || *p > '9')
4358 if (!(*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z') &&
4359 !(*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'z'))
4375 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4384 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4386 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4387 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4388 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4394 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4400 for (p = s; *p; p++)
4401 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4404 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4410 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s) {
4413 for (p = s, d = s; *p; p++)
4414 if ((*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'z') ||
4415 (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z') ||
4416 (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9') ||
4424 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4428 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4429 struct pollfd pollfd;
4434 pollfd.events = POLLIN|POLLHUP;
4436 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4443 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4446 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4447 struct pollfd pollfd;
4452 pollfd.events = event;
4454 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? -1 : (int) (t / USEC_PER_MSEC));
4461 return pollfd.revents;
4464 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4475 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
4479 fn = path_get_file_name(path);
4483 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
4485 fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4491 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4504 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4507 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4513 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4516 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4520 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4521 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4526 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4530 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4531 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4532 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4534 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4537 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4538 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4539 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4541 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4546 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4547 "\033[H" /* move home */
4548 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4550 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4555 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4558 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4565 /* Try to deallocate */
4566 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4570 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4571 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4579 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4581 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4586 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4587 "\033[H" /* move home */
4588 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4590 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4595 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to) {
4601 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
4605 fdt = open(to, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
4607 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4615 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
4619 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4630 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
4632 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
4634 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4642 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4643 r = close_nointr(fdt);
4653 int symlink_or_copy(const char *from, const char *to) {
4654 char *pf = NULL, *pt = NULL;
4661 if (path_get_parent(from, &pf) < 0 ||
4662 path_get_parent(to, &pt) < 0) {
4667 if (stat(pf, &a) < 0 ||
4673 if (a.st_dev != b.st_dev) {
4677 return copy_file(from, to);
4680 if (symlink(from, to) < 0) {
4694 int symlink_or_copy_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4698 unsigned long long ull;
4705 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
4709 fn = path_get_file_name(to);
4713 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
4716 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
4717 *(x++) = hexchar(ull & 0xF);
4723 r = symlink_or_copy(from, t);
4730 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4741 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4745 display[0] == ':' &&
4746 display[1] >= '0' &&
4750 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4757 if (!display_is_local(display))
4760 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4762 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
4766 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4767 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4775 int get_user_creds(const char **username, uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid, const char **home) {
4782 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4783 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4785 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4799 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4803 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4804 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4805 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4806 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4807 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4809 *username = p->pw_name;
4812 p = getpwnam(*username);
4816 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4830 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4836 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4837 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4839 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4840 *groupname = "root";
4848 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4853 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4856 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4860 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4868 int in_group(const char *name) {
4870 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4872 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4876 if (getgid() == gid)
4879 if (getegid() == gid)
4882 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4883 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4885 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4887 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4891 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4898 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4906 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4908 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4910 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4913 r = !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4915 r = errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4922 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4928 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4931 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4935 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4936 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4937 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4938 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4939 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4940 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4941 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4947 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
4951 r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
4957 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
4958 if (path_equal(parent, *i)) {
4969 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4977 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4978 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4986 struct dirent buffer, *de;
4989 k = readdir_r(d, &buffer, &de);
4998 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
5000 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
5004 if ((unsigned) r >= n) {
5008 t = realloc(l, sizeof(char*) * n);
5017 assert((unsigned) r < n);
5019 l[r] = strdup(de->d_name);
5043 char *join(const char *x, ...) {
5056 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5079 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5093 bool is_main_thread(void) {
5094 static __thread int cached = 0;
5096 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
5097 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
5102 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
5109 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
5110 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5113 r = access(p, F_OK);
5121 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
5122 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5125 r = access(p, F_OK);
5131 /* Get parent dev_t */
5132 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5135 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
5141 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
5147 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
5148 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
5151 r = access(p, F_OK);
5155 *ret = makedev(m, n);
5162 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
5167 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
5171 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
5172 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
5175 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
5176 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
5177 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
5178 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
5179 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
5182 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ioprio_class, int);
5184 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
5185 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
5186 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
5187 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
5188 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
5189 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
5190 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
5193 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
5195 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
5196 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
5197 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
5198 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
5199 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
5200 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
5201 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
5202 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
5203 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
5204 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
5205 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
5206 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
5207 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
5208 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
5209 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
5210 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
5211 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
5212 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
5213 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
5214 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
5215 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
5218 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_facility_unshifted, int);
5220 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
5221 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
5222 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
5223 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
5225 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
5226 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
5227 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
5228 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
5231 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_level, int);
5233 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
5234 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
5235 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
5236 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
5237 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
5241 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sched_policy, int);
5243 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
5244 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
5245 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
5246 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
5247 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
5248 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
5249 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
5250 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
5251 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
5252 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
5253 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
5254 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
5255 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
5256 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
5257 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
5258 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
5259 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
5262 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
5264 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
5265 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
5266 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
5267 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
5268 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
5271 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ip_tos, int);
5273 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
5290 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
5301 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
5303 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
5309 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
5311 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
5312 static __thread char buf[12];
5315 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
5319 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
5320 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
5322 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "%d", signo);
5327 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
5332 signo =__signal_from_string(s);
5336 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
5340 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
5341 signo = (int) u + offset;
5342 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
5348 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
5349 bool loaded = false;
5352 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
5360 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
5378 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
5380 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5389 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5396 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5399 static const struct {
5403 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5404 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5405 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5406 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5407 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5411 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5413 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5416 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5417 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5424 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5432 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5445 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5447 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5449 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5451 l == sizeof(value) &&
5452 (size_t) value >= n*2)
5456 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
5463 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5465 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5467 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5469 l == sizeof(value) &&
5470 (size_t) value >= n*2)
5474 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
5481 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5482 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5484 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5492 parent_pid = getpid();
5494 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5501 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5508 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5509 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5510 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5512 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5513 * to set the death signal */
5514 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5515 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5517 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5518 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5520 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5521 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5523 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5524 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5525 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5526 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5527 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5528 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5529 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5530 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5531 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5533 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5534 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5538 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5541 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5547 /* Count arguments */
5549 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5554 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5556 /* Fill in arguments */
5558 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5559 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5563 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5566 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5567 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5571 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5577 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5578 * to get as close as we can */
5579 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5581 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5582 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5584 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5590 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5591 char path[sizeof("/proc/")-1+10+sizeof("/environ")], *value = NULL;
5603 snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%lu/environ", (unsigned long) pid);
5606 f = fopen(path, "re");
5614 char line[LINE_MAX];
5617 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5621 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5631 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5632 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5652 int can_sleep(const char *type) {
5653 char *p, *w, *state;
5660 r = read_one_line_file("/sys/power/state", &p);
5662 return r == -ENOENT ? 0 : r;
5666 FOREACH_WORD_SEPARATOR(w, l, p, WHITESPACE, state) {
5667 if (l == k && strncmp(w, type, l) == 0) {
5677 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5680 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5683 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5686 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5689 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5692 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5698 bool in_initrd(void) {
5699 static int saved = -1;
5702 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0;
5707 void warn_melody(void) {
5710 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5714 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. Bute well... */
5716 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5717 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5719 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5720 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5722 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5723 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5725 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5726 close_nointr_nofail(fd);