1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
57 #include <linux/magic.h>
64 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
75 #include "path-util.h"
76 #include "exit-status.h"
80 #include "device-nodes.h"
87 char **saved_argv = NULL;
89 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
90 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
92 size_t page_size(void) {
93 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
96 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
99 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
106 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
108 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
119 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
126 pl = strlen(postfix);
129 return (char*) s + sl;
134 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
137 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
140 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
155 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
159 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
162 int close_nointr(int fd) {
168 /* Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong
169 * thing to do on Linux.
171 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
172 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
173 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
174 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
176 if (_unlikely_(r < 0 && errno == EINTR))
184 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
187 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
190 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
193 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
196 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
198 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
199 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
202 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
213 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
216 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
218 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
224 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
225 unsigned long ul = 0;
232 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
238 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
248 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
249 unsigned long ul = 0;
256 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
262 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
269 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
277 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
279 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
280 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
282 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
285 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
289 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
297 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
299 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
300 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
302 if ((long) (int) l != l)
309 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
311 unsigned long long l;
317 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
319 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
320 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
326 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
334 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
336 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
337 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
343 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
350 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
355 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
356 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
362 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
363 bool escaped = false;
366 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
369 else if (s[n] == '\\')
371 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
377 /* Split a string into words. */
378 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted, char **state) {
381 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
383 if (!*current || *c == 0)
386 current += strspn(current, separator);
390 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
391 char quotechar = *(current++);
392 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, (char[]){quotechar, '\0'});
393 *state = current+*l+1;
395 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
398 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
402 return (char*) current;
405 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
407 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
419 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
420 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
424 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
425 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
426 * skip over it manually */
428 p = strrchr(line, ')');
440 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
443 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
448 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
450 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
456 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
457 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
461 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
462 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
463 * skip over it manually */
465 p = strrchr(line, ')');
487 "%*d " /* priority */
489 "%*d " /* num_threads */
490 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
491 "%llu " /* starttime */,
498 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
503 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
509 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
512 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
516 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
523 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
525 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
532 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
533 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
541 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
547 if (max_length == 0) {
548 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
550 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
552 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
557 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
567 r = new(char, max_length);
573 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
595 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
602 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
603 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
604 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
612 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
616 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
625 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
637 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
642 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
646 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
649 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
654 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
660 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
662 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
665 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
673 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
675 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
677 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
679 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
686 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
687 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
697 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
702 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
707 if (startswith(l, field)) {
709 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
711 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
713 return parse_uid(l, uid);
720 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
721 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
724 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
725 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
726 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
729 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
737 return strndup(suffix, b);
746 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
749 r = new(char, a+b+1);
754 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
760 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
761 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
764 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
774 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
777 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
783 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
794 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
795 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
802 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
806 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
814 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
821 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
825 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
832 path_kill_slashes(*r);
837 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
840 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
841 struct sigaction sa = {
842 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
843 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
846 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
849 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
850 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
851 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
859 char *strstrip(char *s) {
862 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
863 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
865 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
867 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
868 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
876 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
879 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
881 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
893 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
900 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
906 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
913 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
914 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
917 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
918 return strdup(filename);
920 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
921 return strdup(filename);
923 k = strlen(filename);
924 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
927 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
928 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
933 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
942 /* Skip trailing slashes */
943 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
949 /* Skip last component */
950 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
953 /* Skip trailing slashes */
954 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
960 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
963 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
979 char hexchar(int x) {
980 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
982 return table[x & 15];
985 int unhexchar(char c) {
987 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
990 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
993 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
999 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1003 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1007 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1008 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1009 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1016 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1022 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1026 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1029 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1031 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1035 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1042 char octchar(int x) {
1043 return '0' + (x & 7);
1046 int unoctchar(char c) {
1048 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1054 char decchar(int x) {
1055 return '0' + (x % 10);
1058 int undecchar(char c) {
1060 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1066 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1072 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1074 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1078 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1124 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1125 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1126 * g_strescape() does the same */
1127 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1129 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1130 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1131 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1142 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1149 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1151 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1153 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1158 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1160 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1203 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1208 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1211 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1212 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1214 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1215 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1219 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1234 /* octal encoding */
1237 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1238 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1239 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1241 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1242 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1246 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1254 /* premature end of string.*/
1259 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1271 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1272 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1275 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1278 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1281 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1285 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1286 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1289 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1293 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1295 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1296 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1299 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1300 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1310 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1315 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1316 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1317 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1322 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1326 filename[0] == '.' ||
1327 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1328 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1329 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1330 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1331 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1332 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1333 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1334 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1335 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1338 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1341 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1344 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1347 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1352 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1356 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1358 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1360 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1366 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1371 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1375 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1377 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1379 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1385 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1388 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1390 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1397 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1402 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1404 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1409 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1410 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1413 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1414 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1416 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1419 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1420 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1427 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1430 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1433 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1434 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1443 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1446 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1447 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1448 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1457 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1460 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1461 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1468 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1469 static const char table[] =
1479 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1483 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1485 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1491 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1495 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1498 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1501 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1507 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1508 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1510 char line[LINE_MAX];
1515 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1516 new_termios = old_termios;
1518 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1519 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1520 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1522 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1525 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
1526 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1527 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1532 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1534 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1540 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1547 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
1548 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1551 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1556 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1566 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1576 bool need_nl = true;
1579 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1586 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1590 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
1593 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1594 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1605 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1610 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1614 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1615 struct termios termios;
1618 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1622 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1623 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1624 * interfere with that. */
1626 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1627 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1629 /* Switch to text mode */
1631 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1633 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1634 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1636 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1641 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1642 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1643 * else will do that for us */
1645 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1646 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1647 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1648 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1649 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1651 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1652 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1653 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1654 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1655 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1656 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1657 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1658 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1659 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1660 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1661 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1662 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1663 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1665 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1666 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1668 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1672 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1673 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1678 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1681 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1685 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1686 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1691 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1696 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1697 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1698 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1699 * retrying a couple of times.
1701 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1704 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1707 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1714 /* Max 1s in total */
1718 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1727 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1732 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1739 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1740 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1750 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1760 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1766 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1775 int acquire_terminal(
1779 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1782 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1787 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1788 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1789 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1791 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1792 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1793 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1794 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1795 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1796 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1797 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1798 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1800 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
1801 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1803 if (!fail && !force) {
1804 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1810 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1818 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1819 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1820 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1824 r = flush_fd(notify);
1829 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1830 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1831 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1832 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1836 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1837 * if we already own the tty. */
1838 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1840 /* First, try to get the tty */
1841 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
1844 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1846 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
1847 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
1848 * are have this controlling terminal. */
1849 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
1852 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
1861 assert(notify >= 0);
1864 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
1866 struct inotify_event *e;
1868 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) {
1871 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1872 if (ts + timeout < n) {
1877 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
1887 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
1890 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
1897 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
1902 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
1907 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
1908 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
1910 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
1917 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
1918 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
1919 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
1920 * an endless loop. */
1921 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1925 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
1927 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1929 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
1935 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1938 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
1943 int release_terminal(void) {
1945 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1946 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1947 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1949 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1951 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
1955 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1956 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
1957 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1959 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
1962 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1967 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
1972 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
1973 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
1980 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
1981 struct sigaction sa = {
1982 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1983 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1989 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
1993 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
1994 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2001 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2002 struct sigaction sa = {
2003 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2004 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2009 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2013 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2014 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2021 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2027 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2032 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2036 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2039 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2048 while (nbytes > 0) {
2051 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2053 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2056 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2057 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2062 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2066 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2069 /* We knowingly ignore the revents value here,
2070 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2071 * via read()/write()
2077 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2088 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2097 while (nbytes > 0) {
2100 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2103 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2106 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2107 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2112 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2116 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2119 /* We knowingly ignore the revents value here,
2120 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2121 * via read()/write()
2127 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2138 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
2139 static const struct {
2141 unsigned long long factor;
2145 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2146 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2147 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2148 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2149 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2154 unsigned long long r = 0;
2166 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2177 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2179 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2180 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2181 unsigned long long tmp;
2182 if ((unsigned long long) l > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2184 tmp = l * table[i].factor;
2185 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2189 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2192 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2196 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2206 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2211 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2212 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2213 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2216 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2218 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2221 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2226 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2229 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2233 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2236 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2238 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2239 * sysfs or in /dev */
2242 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2243 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2246 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2247 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2258 if (!de && errno != 0)
2264 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2269 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2270 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2287 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2288 static bool srand_called = false;
2289 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2293 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2297 k = loop_read(fd, p, n, true);
2298 if (k < 0 || (size_t) k != n)
2305 if (!srand_called) {
2307 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2308 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in
2309 * auxv, so let's try to make use of that to seed the
2310 * pseudo-random generator. It's better than
2315 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2317 srand(*(unsigned*) auxv);
2320 srand(time(NULL) + gettid());
2322 srand_called = true;
2325 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2326 * get a PRNG instead. */
2327 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2331 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2334 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2335 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2336 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2337 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2338 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2339 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2342 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2344 if (program_invocation_name)
2345 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2347 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2351 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2353 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2357 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2362 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2369 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2370 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2374 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2377 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2379 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2380 return strdup(u.nodename);
2382 return strdup(u.sysname);
2385 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2388 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2390 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2393 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2396 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2397 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2399 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2401 return strdup("root");
2403 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2407 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2411 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2412 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2414 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
2420 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2424 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2429 return lookup_uid(uid);
2432 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2439 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2442 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2443 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2448 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2454 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2462 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2466 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2470 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2472 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2479 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2481 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2483 unsigned long ttynr;
2487 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2488 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2492 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2502 "%*d " /* session */
2507 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2516 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2518 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *s, *b, *p;
2523 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2527 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2529 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2535 /* This is an ugly hack */
2536 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2537 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
2547 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2548 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2549 * vaguely useful. */
2562 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2564 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2582 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2588 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2589 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2593 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2595 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2600 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2606 if (!de && errno != 0) {
2615 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2618 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2620 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2621 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2622 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2627 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2630 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2631 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2633 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2634 keep_around = false;
2640 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2641 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2644 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2645 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2646 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2647 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2652 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2653 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2657 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2658 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2662 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2664 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2665 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2676 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2679 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2680 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2683 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2688 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2689 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2693 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2694 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2696 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2697 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2698 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2702 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2705 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2711 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2712 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2713 * seriously broken system. */
2714 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2715 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2719 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2722 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2726 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2729 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2730 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2735 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2736 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2743 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2744 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2748 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2749 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2750 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2755 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2758 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2761 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2770 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2771 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2774 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2775 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2778 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2781 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2782 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2783 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2785 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2786 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2789 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2790 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2796 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2799 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2800 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2801 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2803 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2804 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
2807 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2808 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
2814 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
2818 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
2821 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
2824 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
2825 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
2835 if (errno != EINVAL)
2842 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
2843 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
2844 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2845 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2846 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
2848 static bool prev_ephemeral;
2852 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
2853 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
2855 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
2858 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2871 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
2877 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
2885 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
2886 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
2889 if (!isempty(status)) {
2890 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
2891 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
2892 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
2894 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
2897 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
2899 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
2901 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
2907 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
2913 va_start(ap, format);
2914 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
2920 int status_welcome(void) {
2921 _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
2924 r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
2925 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
2926 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
2929 if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
2930 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
2932 return status_printf(NULL, false, false,
2933 "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
2934 isempty(ansi_color) ? "1" : ansi_color,
2935 isempty(pretty_name) ? "Linux" : pretty_name);
2938 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
2945 const char *e, *word = format;
2950 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
2961 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
2970 } else if (*e == '$') {
2971 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
2987 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
2989 k = strappend(r, t);
3003 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3014 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3016 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3018 l = strv_length(argv);
3020 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3023 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3025 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3026 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3031 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3034 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3045 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3054 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3062 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3063 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3073 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3074 struct winsize ws = {};
3076 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3085 unsigned columns(void) {
3089 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3090 return cached_columns;
3093 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3098 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3107 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3108 struct winsize ws = {};
3110 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3119 unsigned lines(void) {
3123 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3124 return cached_lines;
3127 e = getenv("LINES");
3132 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3138 return cached_lines;
3141 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3142 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3148 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3150 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3151 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3153 return cached_on_tty;
3156 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3157 struct stat a = {}, b = {};
3159 /* Only works as root */
3160 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3163 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3167 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3168 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3171 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3176 assert(percent <= 100);
3177 assert(new_length >= 3);
3179 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3180 return strndup(s, old_length);
3182 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3186 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3188 if (x > new_length - 3)
3196 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3197 new_length - x - 3);
3202 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3206 unsigned k, len, len2;
3209 assert(percent <= 100);
3210 assert(new_length >= 3);
3212 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3213 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3214 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3216 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3217 return strndup(s, old_length);
3219 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3221 if (x > new_length - 3)
3225 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3228 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3231 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3234 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3237 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3240 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3241 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3244 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3248 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3250 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3252 /* make space for ellipsis */
3253 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3256 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3257 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3262 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3263 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3267 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3271 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3276 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3277 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3280 int touch(const char *path) {
3285 /* This just opens the file for writing, ensuring it
3286 * exists. It doesn't call utimensat() the way /usr/bin/touch
3289 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
3293 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3297 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3301 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3302 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3303 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3310 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3311 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3316 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3317 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3320 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3332 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3336 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3344 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3348 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3354 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3365 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3377 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3384 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3386 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3390 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3391 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3392 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3393 return status.si_status;
3396 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3399 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3400 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3402 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3406 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3410 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3412 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3413 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3421 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3424 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3427 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3433 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3438 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3441 return null_or_empty(&st);
3444 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3448 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3450 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3456 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
3463 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3467 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3469 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3470 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3475 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3476 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3480 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3484 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3485 t = new(char, enc_len);
3489 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3492 if (asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-%s/%s", by, t) < 0)
3498 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3501 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3502 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3504 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3505 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3507 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3508 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3510 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3511 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3516 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3519 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3522 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3525 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3528 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3531 return streq(tty, "console");
3534 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3539 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3542 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3545 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3548 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3552 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3558 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3561 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3562 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3564 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3567 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3570 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3571 * /dev/console points to */
3572 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3578 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3581 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3582 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3584 tty = *active = tmp;
3591 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3592 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3596 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3599 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3600 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3605 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3608 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3611 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3614 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3617 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3620 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3621 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3622 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3628 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3631 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3632 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3633 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3636 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3639 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3642 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
3645 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3649 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and
3650 * waits for them to finish. */
3653 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
3655 if (errno == ENOENT)
3658 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3665 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
3666 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
3670 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
3675 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3678 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
3683 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
3684 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3702 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3703 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3706 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
3708 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
3709 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
3714 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3715 pid_t pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3719 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
3724 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
3728 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
3729 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status, NULL)) {
3730 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
3731 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
3733 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
3735 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
3746 hashmap_free_free(pids);
3749 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3752 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
3760 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
3766 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
3767 if (streq(i, needle))
3773 bool plymouth_running(void) {
3774 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
3777 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
3786 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
3788 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
3789 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
3790 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
3796 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
3803 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3810 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
3820 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
3826 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
3830 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3837 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
3838 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
3849 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
3854 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
3856 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3858 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
3861 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
3868 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
3871 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
3873 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3878 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? -1 : (int) (t / USEC_PER_MSEC));
3885 return pollfd.revents;
3888 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
3899 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
3903 fn = basename(path);
3907 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
3909 fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
3915 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
3928 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
3931 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
3937 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
3940 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3944 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
3945 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3950 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
3954 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
3955 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
3956 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
3958 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
3961 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
3962 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
3963 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
3965 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3970 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
3971 "\033[H" /* move home */
3972 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
3974 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3979 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
3982 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
3989 /* Try to deallocate */
3990 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3994 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
3995 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4003 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4005 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4010 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4011 "\033[H" /* move home */
4012 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4014 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4019 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to, int flags) {
4020 _cleanup_close_ int fdf = -1;
4026 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
4030 fdt = open(to, flags|O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
4038 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
4052 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
4054 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
4063 r = close_nointr(fdt);
4073 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4075 _cleanup_free_ char *t;
4085 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
4093 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
4096 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
4097 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
4103 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4106 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4115 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4119 display[0] == ':' &&
4120 display[1] >= '0' &&
4124 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4131 if (!display_is_local(display))
4134 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4136 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
4140 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4141 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4150 const char **username,
4151 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4153 const char **shell) {
4161 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4162 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4164 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4182 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4186 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4187 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4188 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4189 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4190 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4192 *username = p->pw_name;
4195 p = getpwnam(*username);
4199 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4211 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4216 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4221 return strdup("root");
4225 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4227 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
4233 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4238 return strdup("root");
4242 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4244 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) gid) < 0)
4250 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4256 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4257 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4259 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4260 *groupname = "root";
4268 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4273 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4276 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4280 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4288 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4290 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4292 if (getgid() == gid)
4295 if (getegid() == gid)
4298 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4299 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4301 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4303 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4307 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4314 int in_group(const char *name) {
4318 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4325 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4326 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4332 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4334 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4336 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4339 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4341 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4344 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4345 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4350 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4352 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4354 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4356 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4357 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4359 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4360 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4368 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4374 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4377 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4381 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4382 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4383 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4384 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4385 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4386 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4387 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4393 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
4395 _cleanup_free_ char *parent = NULL;
4398 r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
4402 STRV_FOREACH(i, search)
4403 if (path_equal(parent, *i))
4409 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4410 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4411 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4412 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4416 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4417 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4429 if (!de && errno != 0)
4434 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4436 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4440 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4441 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4444 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4455 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4461 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4475 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4480 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4504 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4518 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4519 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4521 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4522 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4527 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4534 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4535 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4538 r = access(p, F_OK);
4546 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4547 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4550 r = access(p, F_OK);
4556 /* Get parent dev_t */
4557 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4560 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4566 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4572 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4573 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4576 r = access(p, F_OK);
4580 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4587 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4592 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4596 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4597 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4600 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4601 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4602 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4603 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4604 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4607 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4609 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4610 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4611 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4612 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4613 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4614 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4615 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4618 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4620 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4621 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4622 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4623 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4624 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4625 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4626 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4627 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4628 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4629 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4630 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4631 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4632 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4633 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4634 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4635 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4636 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4637 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4638 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4639 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4640 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4643 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4645 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4646 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4647 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4648 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4650 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4651 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4652 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4653 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4656 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4658 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4659 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4660 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4661 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4662 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4666 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4668 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
4669 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4670 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4671 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4672 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4673 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4674 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4675 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4676 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4677 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4678 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4679 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4680 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4681 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4682 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4683 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4684 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4687 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4689 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4690 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4691 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4692 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4693 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4696 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4698 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4715 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4726 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4728 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4734 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4736 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4737 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4740 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4744 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4745 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4747 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4752 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4757 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4761 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4765 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4766 signo = (int) u + offset;
4767 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4773 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4774 bool loaded = false;
4777 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4785 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
4803 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4805 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
4814 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
4821 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
4824 static const struct {
4828 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4829 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4830 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4831 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4832 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
4836 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
4838 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
4841 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
4842 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
4849 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
4857 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
4870 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4872 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4874 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
4875 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
4878 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
4881 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
4882 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
4888 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4890 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4892 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
4893 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
4896 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
4899 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
4900 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
4905 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
4906 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
4908 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
4916 parent_pid = getpid();
4918 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
4925 if (agent_pid != 0) {
4932 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
4933 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
4934 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4936 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
4937 * to set the death signal */
4938 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
4939 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
4941 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
4942 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
4944 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
4945 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
4947 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
4948 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
4949 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
4950 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
4951 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
4952 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
4953 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
4954 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
4955 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
4957 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
4958 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4962 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
4965 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
4971 /* Count arguments */
4973 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
4978 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
4980 /* Fill in arguments */
4982 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
4983 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
4987 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4990 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
4991 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
4995 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5001 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5002 * to get as close as we can */
5003 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5005 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5006 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5008 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5014 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5015 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5026 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5028 f = fopen(path, "re");
5036 char line[LINE_MAX];
5039 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5043 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5053 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5054 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5068 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5071 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5074 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5077 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5080 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5083 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5089 bool in_initrd(void) {
5090 static int saved = -1;
5096 /* We make two checks here:
5098 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5099 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5101 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5102 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5103 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5106 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5107 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5108 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5113 void warn_melody(void) {
5114 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5116 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5120 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5122 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5123 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5125 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5126 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5128 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5129 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5131 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5134 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5137 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5139 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1);
5141 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5147 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5154 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5162 /* Take the user specified one */
5173 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5176 h = strdup("/root");
5184 /* Check the database... */
5188 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5190 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5193 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5201 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5209 /* Take the user specified one */
5210 e = getenv("SHELL");
5220 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5223 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5231 /* Check the database... */
5235 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5237 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5240 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5248 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5262 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5268 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5273 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5274 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5277 if (strchr("\\\"\'", *t))
5285 * Check if a string contains control characters.
5286 * Spaces and tabs are not considered control characters.
5288 bool string_has_cc(const char *p) {
5293 for (t = p; *t; t++)
5294 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ' && *t != '\t')
5300 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5305 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5308 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5311 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5312 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5315 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5321 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5322 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5323 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5332 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5333 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5336 else if (comparison > 0)
5344 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5346 static int cached_answer = -1;
5348 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5351 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5352 cached_answer = true;
5356 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5358 cached_answer = true;
5362 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5363 cached_answer = true;
5367 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5368 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5369 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5371 cached_answer = true;
5375 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5379 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5380 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5384 return (bool) cached_answer;
5387 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5388 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5390 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5391 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5392 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5393 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5394 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243 ", /* ‣ */
5395 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217 ", /* ● */
5397 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5398 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "| ",
5399 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5400 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5401 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5402 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "> ",
5403 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "* ",
5407 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5410 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5413 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5419 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5420 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5433 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5439 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5440 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5448 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5460 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5461 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5466 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5468 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5474 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5476 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5478 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5482 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5487 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5489 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5490 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5491 else if (*i == '\t')
5498 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5501 } else if (*i == '[') {
5502 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5507 state = STATE_OTHER;
5514 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5515 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5518 state = STATE_OTHER;
5520 } else if (*i == 'm')
5521 state = STATE_OTHER;
5543 int on_ac_power(void) {
5544 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5545 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5547 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5553 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5559 if (!de && errno != 0)
5565 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5568 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5570 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5576 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5578 if (errno == ENOENT)
5584 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5588 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5591 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5592 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5594 if (errno == ENOENT)
5600 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5604 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5607 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5608 found_online = true;
5610 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5611 found_offline = true;
5616 return found_online || !found_offline;
5619 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5626 if (!path_strv_canonicalize_uniq(search))
5629 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5630 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5633 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5643 if (errno != ENOENT)
5650 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5651 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5657 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5660 f = fopen(path, mode);
5669 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5673 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, copy, _f);
5676 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5677 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5679 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5682 f = fopen(path, mode);
5691 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5695 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, s, _f);
5698 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5705 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5712 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5717 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5726 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5736 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5750 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5758 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5762 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5769 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need) {
5776 if (*allocated >= need)
5779 a = MAX(64u, need * 2);
5781 /* check for overflows */
5794 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need) {
5803 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need);
5807 if (*allocated > prev)
5808 memset(&q[prev], 0, *allocated - prev);
5813 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
5819 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
5821 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5824 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5825 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5826 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5830 } else if (l == 36) {
5832 /* Formatted UUID */
5834 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5837 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
5841 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5842 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5843 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5854 void parse_user_at_host(char *arg, char **user, char **host) {
5859 *host = strchr(arg, '@');
5868 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
5883 a = strndup(s, x - s);
5887 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
5899 int shall_restore_state(void) {
5900 _cleanup_free_ char *line;
5905 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
5908 if (r == 0) /* Container ... */
5911 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state)
5912 if (l == 23 && strneq(w, "systemd.restore_state=0", 23))
5918 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
5921 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
5925 r = read_full_file("/proc/1/cmdline", &buf, &sz);
5929 for (p = buf; p + 1 < buf + sz; p++)
5938 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
5945 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
5946 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
5954 p = strappenda("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
5955 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
5963 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
5966 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
5976 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *root_fd) {
5977 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1;
5978 const char *pidns, *mntns, *root;
5986 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
5987 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
5991 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
5992 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
5996 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
5997 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6001 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6002 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6010 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int root_fd) {
6011 assert(pidns_fd >= 0);
6012 assert(mntns_fd >= 0);
6013 assert(root_fd >= 0);
6015 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6018 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6021 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6024 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6027 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6030 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6036 bool pid_valid(pid_t pid) {
6040 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6043 return errno != ESRCH;
6046 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6047 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6054 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6058 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6061 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6062 * to namespacing issues */
6070 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6082 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6086 if (errno != ERANGE)
6093 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);