1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
57 #include <sys/mount.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
62 #include <sys/personality.h>
66 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
78 #include "path-util.h"
79 #include "exit-status.h"
83 #include "device-nodes.h"
90 char **saved_argv = NULL;
92 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
93 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
95 size_t page_size(void) {
96 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
99 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
102 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
109 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
111 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
122 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
129 pl = strlen(postfix);
132 return (char*) s + sl;
137 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
140 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
143 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
158 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
162 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
165 int close_nointr(int fd) {
172 else if (errno == EINTR)
174 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong
175 * thing to do on Linux.
177 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
178 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
179 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
180 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
187 int safe_close(int fd) {
190 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
191 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
192 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
194 * fd = safe_close(fd);
200 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
201 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
202 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
203 * the fd was invalid at all... */
205 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
211 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
214 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
216 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
220 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
231 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
234 if (streq(v, "1") || strcaseeq(v, "yes") || strcaseeq(v, "y") || strcaseeq(v, "true") || strcaseeq(v, "t") || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
236 else if (streq(v, "0") || strcaseeq(v, "no") || strcaseeq(v, "n") || strcaseeq(v, "false") || strcaseeq(v, "f") || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
242 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
243 unsigned long ul = 0;
250 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
256 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
266 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
267 unsigned long ul = 0;
274 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
280 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
283 /* Some libc APIs use (uid_t) -1 as special placeholder */
284 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
287 /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
288 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
295 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
303 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
305 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
306 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
308 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
311 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
315 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
323 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
325 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
326 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
328 if ((long) (int) l != l)
335 int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
343 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
345 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
346 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
348 if ((unsigned long) (uint8_t) l != l)
355 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
357 unsigned long long l;
363 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
365 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
366 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
372 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
380 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
382 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
383 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
389 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
396 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
401 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
402 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
408 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
409 bool escaped = false;
412 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
415 else if (s[n] == '\\')
417 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
420 /* if s ends in \, return index of previous char */
424 /* Split a string into words. */
425 const char* split(const char **state, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted) {
431 assert(**state == '\0');
435 current += strspn(current, separator);
441 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
442 char quotechars[2] = {*current, '\0'};
444 *l = strcspn_escaped(current + 1, quotechars);
445 if (current[*l + 1] == '\0' ||
446 (current[*l + 2] && !strchr(separator, current[*l + 2]))) {
447 /* right quote missing or garbage at the end*/
451 assert(current[*l + 1] == quotechars[0]);
452 *state = current++ + *l + 2;
454 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
455 *state = current + *l;
457 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
458 *state = current + *l;
464 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
466 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
478 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
479 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
483 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
484 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
485 * skip over it manually */
487 p = strrchr(line, ')');
499 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
502 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
507 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
509 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
515 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
516 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
520 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
521 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
522 * skip over it manually */
524 p = strrchr(line, ')');
546 "%*d " /* priority */
548 "%*d " /* num_threads */
549 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
550 "%llu " /* starttime */,
557 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
562 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
568 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
571 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
575 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
579 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
583 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
584 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
588 p = strrchr(line, ')');
594 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
597 return (unsigned char) state;
600 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
607 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
609 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
616 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
617 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
625 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
631 if (max_length == 0) {
632 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
634 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
636 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
641 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
651 r = new(char, max_length);
657 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
679 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
686 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
687 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
688 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
696 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
700 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
709 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
721 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
726 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
730 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
733 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
738 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
744 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
746 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
749 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
757 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
759 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
761 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
763 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
770 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
771 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
781 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
786 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
791 if (startswith(l, field)) {
793 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
795 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
797 return parse_uid(l, uid);
804 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
805 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
808 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
809 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
810 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
813 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
821 return strndup(suffix, b);
830 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
833 r = new(char, a+b+1);
838 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
844 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
845 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
848 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
863 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
870 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
881 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
882 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
885 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
886 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
893 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
897 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
905 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
912 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
916 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
923 path_kill_slashes(*r);
928 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
931 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
932 struct sigaction sa = {
933 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
934 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
937 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
940 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
941 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
942 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
950 char *strstrip(char *s) {
953 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
954 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
956 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
958 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
959 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
967 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
970 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
972 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
984 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
991 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
992 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
995 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
996 return strdup(filename);
998 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
999 return strdup(filename);
1001 k = strlen(filename);
1002 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1005 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1006 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1011 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1020 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1021 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1027 /* Skip last component */
1028 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1031 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1032 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1038 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1041 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1050 if (errno != ENOENT)
1057 char hexchar(int x) {
1058 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1060 return table[x & 15];
1063 int unhexchar(char c) {
1065 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1068 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1069 return c - 'a' + 10;
1071 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1072 return c - 'A' + 10;
1077 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1081 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1085 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1086 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1087 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1094 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1100 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1104 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1107 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1109 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1113 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1120 char octchar(int x) {
1121 return '0' + (x & 7);
1124 int unoctchar(char c) {
1126 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1132 char decchar(int x) {
1133 return '0' + (x % 10);
1136 int undecchar(char c) {
1138 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1144 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1150 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1152 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1156 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1202 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1203 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1204 * g_strescape() does the same */
1205 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1207 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1208 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1209 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1220 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1227 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1229 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1231 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1236 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1238 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1281 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1286 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1289 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1290 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1292 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0)) {
1293 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1297 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1312 /* octal encoding */
1315 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1316 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1317 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1319 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)) {
1320 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1324 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1332 /* premature end of string.*/
1337 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1349 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1350 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1353 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1356 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1359 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1363 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1364 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1367 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1371 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1373 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1374 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1377 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1378 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1388 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1393 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1394 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1395 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1400 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1404 filename[0] == '.' ||
1405 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1406 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1407 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1408 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1409 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1410 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1411 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1412 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1413 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1416 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1419 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1422 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1425 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1430 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1435 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1437 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1439 if (nflags == flags)
1442 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1448 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1453 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1458 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1460 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1462 if (nflags == flags)
1465 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1471 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1474 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1476 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1483 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1484 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
1488 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1490 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1495 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1496 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1499 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1500 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1502 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1505 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1506 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1513 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1516 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1519 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1520 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1529 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1532 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1533 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1534 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1542 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1545 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1546 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1553 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1554 static const char table[] =
1568 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1572 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1576 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1578 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1584 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1588 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1591 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1594 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1600 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1601 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1602 char c, line[LINE_MAX];
1607 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1608 new_termios = old_termios;
1610 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1611 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1612 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1614 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1617 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1618 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1619 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1624 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1626 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1632 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1639 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1640 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1645 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1646 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1650 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1660 int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1670 bool need_nl = true;
1673 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1680 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1684 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, USEC_INFINITY, &need_nl);
1687 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1688 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1699 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1704 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1708 int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) {
1713 char line[LINE_MAX];
1717 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1724 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1729 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin))
1730 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1732 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
1751 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1752 struct termios termios;
1755 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1759 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1760 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1761 * interfere with that. */
1763 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1764 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1766 /* Switch to text mode */
1768 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1770 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1771 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1773 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1778 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1779 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1780 * else will do that for us */
1782 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1783 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1784 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1785 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1786 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1788 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1789 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1790 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1791 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1792 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1793 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1794 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1795 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1796 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1797 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1798 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1799 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1800 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1802 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1803 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1805 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1809 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1810 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1815 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1816 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
1818 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1822 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1825 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1830 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1831 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1832 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1833 * retrying a couple of times.
1835 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1838 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1841 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1848 /* Max 1s in total */
1852 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1873 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1874 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1884 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1894 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1900 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1909 int acquire_terminal(
1913 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1916 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1921 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1922 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1923 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1925 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1926 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1927 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1928 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1929 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1930 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1931 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1932 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1934 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
1935 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1937 if (!fail && !force) {
1938 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != USEC_INFINITY ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1944 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1952 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1953 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1954 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1958 r = flush_fd(notify);
1963 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1964 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1965 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1966 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1970 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1971 * if we already own the tty. */
1972 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1974 /* First, try to get the tty */
1975 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
1978 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1980 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
1981 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
1982 * are have this controlling terminal. */
1983 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
1986 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
1995 assert(notify >= 0);
1998 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
2000 struct inotify_event *e;
2002 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY) {
2005 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2006 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2011 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2021 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2024 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2031 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2036 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2041 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2042 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2044 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2051 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2052 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2053 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2054 * an endless loop. */
2060 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2062 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2073 int release_terminal(void) {
2075 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2076 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2077 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2079 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2081 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2085 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2086 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2087 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2089 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2092 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2097 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2102 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2103 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2110 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2111 struct sigaction sa = {
2112 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2113 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2118 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2122 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2123 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2130 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2131 struct sigaction sa = {
2132 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2133 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2138 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2142 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2143 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2150 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2154 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2156 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2160 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2161 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2164 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2171 while (nbytes > 0) {
2174 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2175 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2178 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2180 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2181 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2184 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
2189 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2199 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2200 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2206 while (nbytes > 0) {
2209 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2210 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2213 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2215 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2216 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2219 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, USEC_INFINITY);
2224 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2234 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2236 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2237 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2238 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2239 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2240 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2241 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2242 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2244 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2245 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2246 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2247 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2252 unsigned long long factor;
2255 static const struct table iec[] = {
2256 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2257 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2258 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2259 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2260 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2266 static const struct table si[] = {
2267 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2268 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2269 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2270 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2271 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2277 const struct table *table;
2279 unsigned long long r = 0;
2280 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2283 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2288 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2291 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2297 unsigned long long l2;
2303 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2316 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2319 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2320 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2322 if (errno == ERANGE)
2325 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2332 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2334 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2335 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2336 unsigned long long tmp;
2337 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2339 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2340 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2344 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2347 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2363 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2368 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2369 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2370 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2375 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2378 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2383 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2386 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2390 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2393 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2395 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2396 * sysfs or in /dev */
2399 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2400 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2403 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2404 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2415 if (!de && errno != 0)
2421 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2426 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2427 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2444 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2445 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2448 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2450 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2452 k = loop_read(fd, p, n, true);
2455 if ((size_t) k != n)
2461 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2462 static bool srand_called = false;
2466 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2470 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2471 * get a PRNG instead. */
2473 if (!srand_called) {
2476 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2477 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in
2478 * auxv, so let's try to make use of that to seed the
2479 * pseudo-random generator. It's better than
2484 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2486 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2489 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2490 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2493 srand_called = true;
2496 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2500 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2503 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2504 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2505 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2506 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2507 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2508 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2511 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2513 if (program_invocation_name)
2514 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2516 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2520 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2522 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2526 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2531 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2538 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2539 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2543 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2548 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2551 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2552 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2555 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2561 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2564 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2566 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2567 return strdup(u.nodename);
2569 return strdup(u.sysname);
2572 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2575 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2577 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2580 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2583 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2584 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2586 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2588 return strdup("root");
2590 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2594 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2598 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2599 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2601 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2607 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2611 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2616 return lookup_uid(uid);
2619 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2626 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2629 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2630 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2635 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2641 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2649 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2653 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2657 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2659 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2666 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2668 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2670 unsigned long ttynr;
2674 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2675 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2679 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2689 "%*d " /* session */
2694 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2703 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2704 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2705 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2712 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2716 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2718 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2724 /* This is an ugly hack */
2725 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2726 asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr));
2730 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2731 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2732 * vaguely useful. */
2738 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2740 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2758 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2759 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
2764 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2765 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2771 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2776 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2783 if (errno != 0 && ret == 0)
2788 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2791 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2793 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2794 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2795 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2800 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2803 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2804 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2806 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2807 keep_around = false;
2813 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2814 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2817 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2818 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2819 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2820 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2825 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2826 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2830 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2831 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2835 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2837 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2838 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2845 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2848 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2849 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2852 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2857 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2862 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2863 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2865 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2866 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2871 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2874 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2880 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2881 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2882 * seriously broken system. */
2883 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2884 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2888 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2891 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2895 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2898 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2899 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2904 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2905 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2912 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2917 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2918 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2924 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2927 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2930 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2939 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2940 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2943 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2944 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2947 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2950 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2951 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2952 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2954 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2955 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2958 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2959 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2965 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2968 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2969 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2970 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2972 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2973 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
2976 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2977 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
2983 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
2987 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
2990 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
2993 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
2994 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3004 if (errno != EINVAL)
3011 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3012 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3013 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3014 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3015 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
3017 static bool prev_ephemeral;
3021 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3022 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3024 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3027 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3040 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3046 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
3054 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3055 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3058 if (!isempty(status)) {
3059 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3060 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3061 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3063 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3066 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3068 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3070 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3076 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3082 va_start(ap, format);
3083 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3089 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3096 const char *e, *word = format;
3101 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3112 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3121 } else if (*e == '$') {
3122 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3138 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3140 k = strappend(r, t);
3154 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3165 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3167 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3169 l = strv_length(argv);
3171 ret = new(char*, l+1);
3175 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3177 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3178 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3183 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3187 r = strv_split_quoted(&m, e);
3199 w = realloc(ret, sizeof(char*) * (l+1));
3209 memcpy(ret + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3217 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3218 ret[k] = replace_env(*i, env);
3230 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3231 struct winsize ws = {};
3233 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3242 unsigned columns(void) {
3246 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3247 return cached_columns;
3250 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3255 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3264 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3265 struct winsize ws = {};
3267 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3276 unsigned lines(void) {
3280 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3281 return cached_lines;
3284 e = getenv("LINES");
3289 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3295 return cached_lines;
3298 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3299 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3305 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3307 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3308 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3310 return cached_on_tty;
3313 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3316 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3319 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3322 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3323 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3326 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3329 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3336 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3341 assert(percent <= 100);
3342 assert(new_length >= 3);
3344 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3345 return strndup(s, old_length);
3347 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3351 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3353 if (x > new_length - 3)
3361 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3362 new_length - x - 3);
3367 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3371 unsigned k, len, len2;
3374 assert(percent <= 100);
3375 assert(new_length >= 3);
3377 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3378 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3379 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3381 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3382 return strndup(s, old_length);
3384 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3386 if (x > new_length - 3)
3390 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3393 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3396 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3399 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3402 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3405 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3406 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3409 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3413 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3415 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3417 /* make space for ellipsis */
3418 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3421 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3422 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3427 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3428 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3432 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3436 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3441 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3442 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3445 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
3446 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3452 mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
3454 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
3459 r = fchmod(fd, mode);
3464 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1) {
3465 r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
3470 if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
3471 struct timespec ts[2];
3473 timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
3475 r = futimens(fd, ts);
3477 r = futimens(fd, NULL);
3484 int touch(const char *path) {
3485 return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, (uid_t) -1, (gid_t) -1, 0);
3488 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3492 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3493 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3494 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3501 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3502 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3507 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3508 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3511 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3523 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3527 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3535 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3539 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3545 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3556 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3570 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
3571 * process, the process was terminated by a signal, or
3572 * failed for an unknown reason.
3573 * >=0 : The process terminated normally, and its exit code is
3576 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
3577 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
3579 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3586 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3588 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3592 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3593 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3594 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3595 return status.si_status;
3598 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3601 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3602 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3604 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3608 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3612 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3614 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3615 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3623 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3626 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3629 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3635 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3640 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3643 return null_or_empty(&st);
3646 int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
3651 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
3654 return null_or_empty(&st);
3657 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3661 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3663 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3676 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3680 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3682 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3683 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3688 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3689 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3692 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3696 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3697 t = new(char, enc_len);
3701 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3704 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3707 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3710 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3711 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3713 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3714 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3716 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3717 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3719 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3720 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3725 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3728 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3731 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3734 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3737 return streq(tty, "console");
3740 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3745 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3748 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3751 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3754 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3758 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3764 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3767 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3768 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3770 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3773 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3776 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3777 * /dev/console points to */
3778 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3784 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3787 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3788 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3790 tty = *active = tmp;
3797 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3798 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3802 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3805 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3806 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3811 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3814 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3817 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3820 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3823 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3826 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3827 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3828 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3834 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3837 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3838 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3839 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3842 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3845 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3848 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
3854 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
3855 * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. */
3857 executor_pid = fork();
3858 if (executor_pid < 0) {
3859 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3862 } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
3863 _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3864 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *_d = NULL;
3868 /* We fork this all off from a child process so that
3869 * we can somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set
3872 reset_all_signal_handlers();
3874 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
3875 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) == 0);
3877 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3880 d = _d = opendir(directory);
3882 if (errno == ENOENT)
3883 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3885 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3886 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3890 pids = hashmap_new(NULL, NULL);
3893 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3896 FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
3897 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3900 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3903 path = strjoin(directory, "/", de->d_name, NULL);
3906 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3911 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3913 } else if (pid == 0) {
3916 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3926 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3927 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3931 log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
3933 r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
3936 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3942 /* Abort execution of this process after the
3943 * timout. We simply rely on SIGALRM as default action
3944 * terminating the process, and turn on alarm(). */
3946 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
3947 alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
3949 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3950 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3953 pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3956 path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
3959 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid);
3962 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3965 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(directory, executor_pid);
3968 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3971 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
3979 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
3985 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
3986 if (streq(i, needle))
3992 bool plymouth_running(void) {
3993 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
3996 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4005 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4007 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4008 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4009 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4015 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4022 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4029 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4039 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4045 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
4049 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4056 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
4057 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
4068 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4073 bool machine_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
4075 if (!hostname_is_valid(s))
4078 /* Machine names should be useful hostnames, but also be
4079 * useful in unit names, hence we enforce a stricter length
4088 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4089 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4091 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
4096 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4103 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4106 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4108 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4116 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == USEC_INFINITY ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
4123 return pollfd.revents;
4126 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4135 t = tempfn_xxxxxx(path);
4139 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4145 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4158 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4161 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4167 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4168 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
4170 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4174 return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4177 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4181 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4182 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4183 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4185 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4188 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4189 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4190 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4192 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4197 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4198 "\033[H" /* move home */
4199 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4206 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4209 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4216 /* Try to deallocate */
4217 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4221 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4230 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4232 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4237 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4238 "\033[H" /* move home */
4239 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4246 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4247 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4252 t = tempfn_random(to);
4256 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4259 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4267 int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
4268 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4272 t = tempfn_random(path);
4276 if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
4279 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4287 int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
4288 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4292 t = tempfn_random(path);
4296 if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
4299 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4307 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4311 display[0] == ':' &&
4312 display[1] >= '0' &&
4316 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4323 if (!display_is_local(display))
4326 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4328 f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
4332 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4333 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4342 const char **username,
4343 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4345 const char **shell) {
4353 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4354 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4356 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4374 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4378 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4379 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4380 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4381 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4382 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4384 *username = p->pw_name;
4387 p = getpwnam(*username);
4391 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4403 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4408 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4413 return strdup("root");
4417 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4419 if (asprintf(&r, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
4425 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4430 return strdup("root");
4434 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4436 if (asprintf(&r, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
4442 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4448 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4449 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4451 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4452 *groupname = "root";
4460 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4465 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4468 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4472 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4480 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4482 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4484 if (getgid() == gid)
4487 if (getegid() == gid)
4490 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4491 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4493 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4495 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4499 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4506 int in_group(const char *name) {
4510 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4517 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4518 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4524 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4526 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4528 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4531 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4533 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4536 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4537 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4542 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4544 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4546 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4548 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4549 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4551 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4552 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4560 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4566 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4569 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4573 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4574 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4575 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4576 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4577 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4578 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4579 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4585 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4586 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4587 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4588 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4592 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4593 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4605 if (!de && errno != 0)
4610 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4612 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4616 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4617 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4620 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4631 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4637 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4651 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4656 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4680 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4694 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4695 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4697 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4698 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4703 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4710 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4711 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4714 r = access(p, F_OK);
4722 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4723 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4726 r = access(p, F_OK);
4732 /* Get parent dev_t */
4733 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4736 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4742 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4748 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4749 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4752 r = access(p, F_OK);
4756 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4763 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4768 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4772 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4773 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4776 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4777 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4778 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4779 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4780 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4783 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4785 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4786 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4787 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4788 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4789 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4790 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4791 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4794 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4796 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4797 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4798 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4799 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4800 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4801 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4802 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4803 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4804 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4805 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4806 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4807 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4808 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4809 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4810 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4811 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4812 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4813 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4814 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4815 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4816 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4819 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4821 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4822 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4823 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4824 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4826 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4827 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4828 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4829 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4832 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4834 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4835 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4836 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4837 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4838 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4842 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4844 static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
4845 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4846 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4847 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4848 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4849 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4850 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4851 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4852 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4853 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4854 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4855 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4856 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4857 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4858 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4859 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4860 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4863 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4865 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4866 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4867 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4868 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4869 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4872 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4874 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4891 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4902 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4904 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4910 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4912 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4913 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4916 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4920 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4921 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4923 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4928 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4933 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4937 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4941 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4942 signo = (int) u + offset;
4943 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4949 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4950 bool loaded = false;
4953 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4961 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
4979 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4981 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
4990 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
4997 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5000 static const struct {
5004 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5005 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5006 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5007 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5008 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5012 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5014 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5017 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5018 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5025 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5033 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5046 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5048 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5050 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5051 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5054 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5057 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5058 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5064 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5066 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5068 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5069 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5072 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5075 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5076 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5081 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5082 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5084 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5092 parent_pid = getpid();
5094 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5101 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5108 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5109 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5110 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5112 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5113 * to set the death signal */
5114 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5115 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5117 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5118 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5120 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5121 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5123 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5124 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5125 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5126 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5127 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5128 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5129 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5130 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5131 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5133 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5134 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5138 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5141 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5147 /* Count arguments */
5149 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5154 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5156 /* Fill in arguments */
5158 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5159 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5163 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5166 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5167 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5171 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5177 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5178 * to get as close as we can */
5179 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5181 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5182 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5184 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5190 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5191 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5202 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5204 f = fopen(path, "re");
5212 char line[LINE_MAX];
5215 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5219 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5229 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5230 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5244 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5247 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5250 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5253 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5256 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5259 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5265 bool in_initrd(void) {
5266 static int saved = -1;
5272 /* We make two checks here:
5274 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5275 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5277 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5278 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5279 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5282 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5283 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5284 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5289 void warn_melody(void) {
5290 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5292 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5296 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5298 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5299 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5301 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5302 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5304 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5305 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5307 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5310 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5313 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5315 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, USEC_INFINITY);
5317 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5323 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5330 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5338 /* Take the user specified one */
5339 e = secure_getenv("HOME");
5340 if (e && path_is_absolute(e)) {
5349 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5352 h = strdup("/root");
5360 /* Check the database... */
5364 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5366 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5369 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5377 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5385 /* Take the user specified one */
5386 e = getenv("SHELL");
5396 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5399 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5407 /* Check the database... */
5411 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5413 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5416 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5424 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5438 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5444 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5450 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5451 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5454 if (strchr("\\\"\'\0x7f", *t))
5462 * Check if a string contains control characters. If 'ok' is non-NULL
5463 * it may be a string containing additional CCs to be considered OK.
5465 bool string_has_cc(const char *p, const char *ok) {
5470 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5471 if (ok && strchr(ok, *t))
5474 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5484 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5489 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5492 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5495 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5496 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5499 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5505 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5506 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5507 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5516 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5517 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5520 else if (comparison > 0)
5528 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5530 static int cached_answer = -1;
5532 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5535 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5536 cached_answer = true;
5540 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5542 cached_answer = true;
5546 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5547 cached_answer = true;
5551 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5552 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5553 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5555 cached_answer = true;
5559 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5563 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5564 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5568 return (bool) cached_answer;
5571 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5572 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5575 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5576 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5577 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5578 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5579 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243", /* ‣ */
5580 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217", /* ● */
5581 [DRAW_ARROW] = "\342\206\222", /* → */
5582 [DRAW_DASH] = "\342\200\223", /* – */
5585 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5586 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "| ",
5587 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5588 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5589 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5590 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = ">",
5591 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "*",
5592 [DRAW_ARROW] = "->",
5597 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5600 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5603 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5609 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5610 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5623 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5629 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5630 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5638 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5650 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5651 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5656 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5658 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5664 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5666 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5668 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5672 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5677 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5679 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5680 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5681 else if (*i == '\t')
5688 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5691 } else if (*i == '[') {
5692 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5697 state = STATE_OTHER;
5704 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5705 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5708 state = STATE_OTHER;
5710 } else if (*i == 'm')
5711 state = STATE_OTHER;
5733 int on_ac_power(void) {
5734 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5735 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5737 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5743 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5749 if (!de && errno != 0)
5755 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5758 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5760 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5766 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5768 if (errno == ENOENT)
5774 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5778 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5782 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5784 if (errno == ENOENT)
5790 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5794 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5797 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5798 found_online = true;
5800 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5801 found_offline = true;
5806 return found_online || !found_offline;
5809 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5816 if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
5819 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5820 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5824 p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path, NULL);
5826 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5836 if (errno != ENOENT)
5843 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5844 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5850 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5853 f = fopen(path, mode);
5862 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5866 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
5869 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5870 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5872 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5875 f = fopen(path, mode);
5884 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5888 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
5891 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5898 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5905 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5910 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5919 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5929 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5943 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5951 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5955 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5962 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
5969 if (*allocated >= need)
5972 newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
5973 a = newalloc * size;
5975 /* check for overflows */
5976 if (a < size * need)
5984 *allocated = newalloc;
5988 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
5997 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
6001 if (*allocated > prev)
6002 memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
6007 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
6013 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
6015 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6018 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6019 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6020 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6024 } else if (l == 36) {
6026 /* Formatted UUID */
6028 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6031 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
6035 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6036 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6037 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6048 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
6063 a = strndup(s, x - s);
6067 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
6079 int shall_restore_state(void) {
6080 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6081 const char *word, *state;
6085 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6088 if (r == 0) /* Container ... */
6093 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(word, l, line, state) {
6101 e = startswith(n, "systemd.restore_state=");
6105 k = parse_boolean(e);
6113 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
6116 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
6117 char *buf = NULL, *p;
6120 r = read_full_file("/proc/1/cmdline", &buf, &sz);
6124 for (p = buf; p + 1 < buf + sz; p++)
6133 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
6140 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
6141 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6142 const char *w, *state;
6148 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6150 log_warning("Failed to read /proc/cmdline, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
6154 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
6155 char word[l+1], *value;
6160 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6162 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6165 value = strchr(word, '=');
6169 r = parse_item(word, value);
6177 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6178 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6186 p = strappenda("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6187 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6195 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6198 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6208 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6209 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, netnsfd = -1;
6217 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6218 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6226 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6227 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6235 netns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/net");
6236 netnsfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6244 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6245 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6251 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6254 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6257 *netns_fd = netnsfd;
6262 pidnsfd = mntnsfd = netnsfd = -1;
6267 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd) {
6270 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6274 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6278 if (setns(netns_fd, CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
6282 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6285 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6289 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6292 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
6295 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6301 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6302 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6307 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6310 return errno != ESRCH;
6313 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6316 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6321 r = get_process_state(pid);
6322 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6328 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6329 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6336 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6340 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6343 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6344 * to namespacing issues */
6352 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6364 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6368 if (errno != ERANGE)
6375 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6391 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6392 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6393 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6400 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6407 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6414 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6415 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6420 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6421 p = strappenda(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6423 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6431 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6434 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6437 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6438 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6440 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6441 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6443 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6444 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6449 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
6451 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6452 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6453 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6454 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6455 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6456 * used by libseccomp. */
6458 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6460 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6463 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6466 #elif defined(__i386__)
6468 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6472 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6473 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6474 * as error indicator. */
6475 return 0xffffffffUL;
6478 const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
6480 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6482 if (p == PER_LINUX32)
6488 #elif defined(__i386__)
6497 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
6500 /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
6501 * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
6503 mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
6506 return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
6509 char* mount_test_option(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
6511 struct mntent me = {
6512 .mnt_opts = (char*) haystack
6517 /* Like glibc's hasmntopt(), but works on a string, not a
6523 return hasmntopt(&me, needle);
6526 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
6527 const uint8_t *b = p;
6530 assert(s == 0 || b);
6535 fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
6537 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6542 fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
6550 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6555 fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
6569 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
6574 r = write_string_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, param);
6576 log_error("Failed to write reboot param to "
6577 REBOOT_PARAM_FILE": %s", strerror(-r));
6579 unlink(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE);
6584 int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
6588 /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
6589 * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
6590 * unmounting them until they are gone. */
6593 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6598 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6599 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6603 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
6606 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6607 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6608 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6609 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6610 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6611 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6612 "%*s" /* (6) mount options */
6613 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6614 "- " /* (8) separator */
6615 "%*s " /* (9) file system type */
6616 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6617 "%*s" /* (11) mount options 2 */
6618 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6627 p = cunescape(path);
6631 if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
6634 if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
6650 int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
6651 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
6652 _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
6655 /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
6656 * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
6657 * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
6658 * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
6659 * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
6660 * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
6661 * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
6662 * the same mount point we only care for each individual
6663 * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
6664 * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
6665 * have any effect on future submounts that might get
6666 * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
6667 * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
6669 cleaned = strdup(prefix);
6673 path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
6675 done = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
6680 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6681 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
6682 bool top_autofs = false;
6685 todo = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
6689 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6690 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6694 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
6697 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6698 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6699 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6700 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6701 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6702 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6703 "%*s" /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
6704 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6705 "- " /* (8) separator */
6706 "%ms " /* (9) file system type */
6707 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6708 "%*s" /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
6709 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6719 p = cunescape(path);
6723 /* Let's ignore autofs mounts. If they aren't
6724 * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
6725 * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
6726 * future submounts anyway. If they are
6727 * already triggered, then we will find
6728 * another entry for this. */
6729 if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
6730 top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
6734 if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
6735 !set_contains(done, p)) {
6737 r = set_consume(todo, p);
6747 /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
6748 * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
6750 if (set_isempty(todo) &&
6751 (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
6754 if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
6755 !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
6756 /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
6757 * mount, make it one. */
6758 if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
6761 if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
6764 x = strdup(cleaned);
6768 r = set_consume(done, x);
6773 while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
6775 r = set_consume(done, x);
6781 if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
6783 /* Deal with mount points that are
6784 * obstructed by a later mount */
6786 if (errno != ENOENT)
6794 int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
6801 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
6806 char *tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p) {
6813 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 6 + 1);
6820 strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn), "XXXXXX");
6825 char *tempfn_random(const char *p) {
6834 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 16 + 1);
6841 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn);
6844 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6845 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
6854 /* make sure the hostname is not "localhost" */
6855 bool is_localhost(const char *hostname) {
6858 /* This tries to identify local hostnames described in RFC6761
6859 * plus the redhatism of .localdomain */
6861 return streq(hostname, "localhost") ||
6862 streq(hostname, "localhost.") ||
6863 endswith(hostname, ".localhost") ||
6864 endswith(hostname, ".localhost.") ||
6865 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain") ||
6866 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain.");
6869 int take_password_lock(const char *root) {
6871 struct flock flock = {
6873 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
6881 /* This is roughly the same as lckpwdf(), but not as awful. We
6882 * don't want to use alarm() and signals, hence we implement
6883 * our own trivial version of this.
6885 * Note that shadow-utils also takes per-database locks in
6886 * addition to lckpwdf(). However, we don't given that they
6887 * are redundant as they they invoke lckpwdf() first and keep
6888 * it during everything they do. The per-database locks are
6889 * awfully racy, and thus we just won't do them. */
6892 path = strappenda(root, "/etc/.pwd.lock");
6894 path = "/etc/.pwd.lock";
6896 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600);
6900 r = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &flock);