1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
57 #include <sys/mount.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
62 #include <sys/personality.h>
66 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
78 #include "path-util.h"
79 #include "exit-status.h"
83 #include "device-nodes.h"
90 char **saved_argv = NULL;
92 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
93 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
95 size_t page_size(void) {
96 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
99 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
102 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
109 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
111 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
122 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
129 pl = strlen(postfix);
132 return (char*) s + sl;
137 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
140 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
143 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
158 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
162 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
165 int close_nointr(int fd) {
172 else if (errno == EINTR)
174 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong
175 * thing to do on Linux.
177 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
178 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
179 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
180 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
187 int safe_close(int fd) {
190 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
191 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
192 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
194 * fd = safe_close(fd);
200 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
201 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
202 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
203 * the fd was invalid at all... */
205 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
211 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
214 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
216 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
220 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
231 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
234 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
236 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
242 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
243 unsigned long ul = 0;
250 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
256 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
266 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
267 unsigned long ul = 0;
274 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
280 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
283 /* Some libc APIs use (uid_t) -1 as special placeholder */
284 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
287 /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
288 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
295 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
303 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
305 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
306 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
308 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
311 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
315 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
323 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
325 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
326 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
328 if ((long) (int) l != l)
335 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
337 unsigned long long l;
343 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
345 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
346 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
352 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
360 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
362 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
363 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
369 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
376 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
381 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
382 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
388 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
389 bool escaped = false;
392 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
395 else if (s[n] == '\\')
397 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
403 /* Split a string into words. */
404 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted, char **state) {
407 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
409 if (!*current || *c == 0)
412 current += strspn(current, separator);
416 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
417 char quotechar = *(current++);
418 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, (char[]){quotechar, '\0'});
419 *state = current+*l+1;
421 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
424 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
428 return (char*) current;
431 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
433 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
445 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
446 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
450 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
451 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
452 * skip over it manually */
454 p = strrchr(line, ')');
466 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
469 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
474 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
476 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
482 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
483 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
487 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
488 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
489 * skip over it manually */
491 p = strrchr(line, ')');
513 "%*d " /* priority */
515 "%*d " /* num_threads */
516 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
517 "%llu " /* starttime */,
524 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
529 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
535 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
538 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
542 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
546 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
550 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
551 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
555 p = strrchr(line, ')');
561 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
564 return (unsigned char) state;
567 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
574 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
576 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
583 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
584 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
592 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
598 if (max_length == 0) {
599 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
601 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
603 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
608 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
618 r = new(char, max_length);
624 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
646 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
653 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
654 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
655 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
663 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
667 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
676 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
688 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
693 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
697 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
700 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
705 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
711 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
713 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
716 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
724 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
726 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
728 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
730 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
737 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
738 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
748 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
753 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
758 if (startswith(l, field)) {
760 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
762 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
764 return parse_uid(l, uid);
771 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
772 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
775 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
776 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
777 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
780 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
788 return strndup(suffix, b);
797 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
800 r = new(char, a+b+1);
805 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
811 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
812 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
815 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
830 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
837 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
848 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
849 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
852 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
853 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
860 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
864 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
872 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
879 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
883 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
890 path_kill_slashes(*r);
895 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
898 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
899 struct sigaction sa = {
900 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
901 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
904 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
907 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
908 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
909 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
917 char *strstrip(char *s) {
920 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
921 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
923 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
925 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
926 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
934 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
937 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
939 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
951 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
958 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
959 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
962 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
963 return strdup(filename);
965 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
966 return strdup(filename);
968 k = strlen(filename);
969 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
972 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
973 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
978 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
987 /* Skip trailing slashes */
988 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
994 /* Skip last component */
995 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
998 /* Skip trailing slashes */
999 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1005 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1008 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1017 if (errno != ENOENT)
1024 char hexchar(int x) {
1025 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1027 return table[x & 15];
1030 int unhexchar(char c) {
1032 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1035 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1036 return c - 'a' + 10;
1038 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1039 return c - 'A' + 10;
1044 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1048 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1052 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1053 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1054 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1061 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1067 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1071 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1074 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1076 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1080 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1087 char octchar(int x) {
1088 return '0' + (x & 7);
1091 int unoctchar(char c) {
1093 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1099 char decchar(int x) {
1100 return '0' + (x % 10);
1103 int undecchar(char c) {
1105 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1111 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1117 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1119 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1123 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1169 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1170 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1171 * g_strescape() does the same */
1172 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1174 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1175 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1176 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1187 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1194 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1196 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1198 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1203 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1205 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1248 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1253 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1256 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1257 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1259 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0)) {
1260 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1264 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1279 /* octal encoding */
1282 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1283 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1284 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1286 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)) {
1287 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1291 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1299 /* premature end of string.*/
1304 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1316 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1317 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1320 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1323 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1326 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1330 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1331 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1334 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1338 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1340 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1341 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1344 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1345 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1355 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1360 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1361 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1362 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1367 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1371 filename[0] == '.' ||
1372 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1373 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1374 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1375 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1376 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1377 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1378 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1379 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1380 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1383 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1386 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1389 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1392 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1397 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1402 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1404 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1406 if (nflags == flags)
1409 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1415 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1420 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1425 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1427 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1429 if (nflags == flags)
1432 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1438 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1441 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1443 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1450 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1451 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
1455 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1457 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1462 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1463 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1466 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1467 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1469 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1472 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1473 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1480 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1483 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1486 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1487 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1496 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1499 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1500 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1501 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1509 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1512 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1513 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1520 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1521 static const char table[] =
1535 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1539 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1543 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1545 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1551 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1555 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1558 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1561 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1567 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1568 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1569 char c, line[LINE_MAX];
1574 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1575 new_termios = old_termios;
1577 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1578 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1579 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1581 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1584 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
1585 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1586 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1591 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1593 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1599 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1606 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
1607 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1611 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1616 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1626 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1636 bool need_nl = true;
1639 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1646 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1650 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
1653 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1654 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1665 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1670 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1674 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1675 struct termios termios;
1678 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1682 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1683 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1684 * interfere with that. */
1686 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1687 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1689 /* Switch to text mode */
1691 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1693 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1694 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1696 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1701 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1702 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1703 * else will do that for us */
1705 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1706 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1707 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1708 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1709 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1711 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1712 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1713 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1714 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1715 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1716 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1717 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1718 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1719 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1720 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1721 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1722 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1723 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1725 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1726 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1728 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1732 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1733 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1738 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1739 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
1741 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1745 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1748 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1753 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1754 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1755 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1756 * retrying a couple of times.
1758 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1761 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1764 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1771 /* Max 1s in total */
1775 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1796 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1797 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1807 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1817 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1823 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1832 int acquire_terminal(
1836 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1839 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1844 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1845 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1846 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1848 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1849 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1850 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1851 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1852 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1853 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1854 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1855 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1857 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
1858 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1860 if (!fail && !force) {
1861 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1867 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1875 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1876 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1877 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1881 r = flush_fd(notify);
1886 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1887 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1888 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1889 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1893 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1894 * if we already own the tty. */
1895 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1897 /* First, try to get the tty */
1898 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
1901 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1903 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
1904 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
1905 * are have this controlling terminal. */
1906 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
1909 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
1918 assert(notify >= 0);
1921 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
1923 struct inotify_event *e;
1925 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) {
1928 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1929 if (ts + timeout < n) {
1934 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
1944 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
1947 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
1954 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
1959 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
1964 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
1965 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
1967 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
1974 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
1975 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
1976 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
1977 * an endless loop. */
1983 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1985 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
1996 int release_terminal(void) {
1998 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1999 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2000 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2002 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2004 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2008 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2009 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2010 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2012 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2015 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2020 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2025 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2026 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2033 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2034 struct sigaction sa = {
2035 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2036 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2041 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2045 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2046 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2053 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2054 struct sigaction sa = {
2055 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2056 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2061 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2065 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2066 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2073 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2077 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2079 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2083 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2084 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2087 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2094 while (nbytes > 0) {
2097 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2098 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2101 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2103 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2104 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2107 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, (usec_t) -1);
2112 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2122 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2123 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2129 while (nbytes > 0) {
2132 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2133 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2136 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2138 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2139 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2142 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, (usec_t) -1);
2147 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2157 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2159 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2160 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2161 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2162 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2163 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2164 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2165 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2167 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2168 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2169 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2170 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2175 unsigned long long factor;
2178 static const struct table iec[] = {
2179 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2180 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2181 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2182 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2183 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2189 static const struct table si[] = {
2190 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2191 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2192 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2193 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2194 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2200 const struct table *table;
2202 unsigned long long r = 0;
2203 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2206 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2211 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2214 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2220 unsigned long long l2;
2226 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2239 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2242 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2243 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2245 if (errno == ERANGE)
2248 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2255 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2257 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2258 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2259 unsigned long long tmp;
2260 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2262 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2263 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2267 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2270 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2286 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2291 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2292 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2293 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2298 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2301 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2306 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2309 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2313 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2316 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2318 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2319 * sysfs or in /dev */
2322 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2323 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2326 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2327 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2338 if (!de && errno != 0)
2344 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2349 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2350 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2367 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2368 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2371 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2373 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2375 k = loop_read(fd, p, n, true);
2378 if ((size_t) k != n)
2384 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2385 static bool srand_called = false;
2389 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2393 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2394 * get a PRNG instead. */
2396 if (!srand_called) {
2399 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2400 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in
2401 * auxv, so let's try to make use of that to seed the
2402 * pseudo-random generator. It's better than
2407 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2409 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2412 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2413 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2416 srand_called = true;
2419 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2423 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2426 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2427 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2428 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2429 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2430 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2431 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2434 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2436 if (program_invocation_name)
2437 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2439 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2443 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2445 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2449 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2454 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2461 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2462 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2466 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2471 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2474 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2475 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2478 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2484 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2487 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2489 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2490 return strdup(u.nodename);
2492 return strdup(u.sysname);
2495 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2498 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2500 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2503 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2506 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2507 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2509 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2511 return strdup("root");
2513 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2517 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2521 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2522 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2524 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2530 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2534 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2539 return lookup_uid(uid);
2542 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2549 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2552 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2553 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2558 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2564 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2572 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2576 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2580 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2582 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2589 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2591 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2593 unsigned long ttynr;
2597 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2598 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2602 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2612 "%*d " /* session */
2617 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2626 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2627 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2628 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2635 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2639 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2641 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2647 /* This is an ugly hack */
2648 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2649 asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr));
2653 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2654 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2655 * vaguely useful. */
2661 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2663 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2681 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2682 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
2687 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2688 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2694 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2699 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2706 if (errno != 0 && ret == 0)
2711 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2714 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2716 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2717 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2718 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2723 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2726 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2727 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2729 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2730 keep_around = false;
2736 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2737 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2740 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2741 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2742 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2743 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2748 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2749 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2753 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2754 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2758 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2760 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2761 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2768 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2771 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2772 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2775 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2780 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2785 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2786 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2788 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2789 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2794 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2797 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2803 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2804 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2805 * seriously broken system. */
2806 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2807 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2811 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2814 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2818 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2821 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2822 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2827 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2828 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2835 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2840 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2841 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2847 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2850 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2853 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2862 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2863 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2866 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2867 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2870 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2873 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2874 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2875 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2877 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2878 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2881 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2882 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2888 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2891 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2892 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2893 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2895 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2896 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
2899 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2900 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
2906 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
2910 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
2913 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
2916 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
2917 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
2927 if (errno != EINVAL)
2934 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
2935 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
2936 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2937 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2938 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
2940 static bool prev_ephemeral;
2944 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
2945 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
2947 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
2950 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2963 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
2969 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
2977 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
2978 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
2981 if (!isempty(status)) {
2982 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
2983 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
2984 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
2986 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
2989 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
2991 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
2993 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
2999 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3005 va_start(ap, format);
3006 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3012 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3019 const char *e, *word = format;
3024 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3035 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3044 } else if (*e == '$') {
3045 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3061 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3063 k = strappend(r, t);
3077 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3088 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3090 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3092 l = strv_length(argv);
3094 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3097 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3099 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3100 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3105 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3108 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3119 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3128 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3136 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3137 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3147 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3148 struct winsize ws = {};
3150 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3159 unsigned columns(void) {
3163 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3164 return cached_columns;
3167 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3172 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3181 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3182 struct winsize ws = {};
3184 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3193 unsigned lines(void) {
3197 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3198 return cached_lines;
3201 e = getenv("LINES");
3206 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3212 return cached_lines;
3215 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3216 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3222 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3224 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3225 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3227 return cached_on_tty;
3230 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3233 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3236 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3239 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3240 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3243 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3246 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3253 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3258 assert(percent <= 100);
3259 assert(new_length >= 3);
3261 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3262 return strndup(s, old_length);
3264 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3268 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3270 if (x > new_length - 3)
3278 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3279 new_length - x - 3);
3284 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3288 unsigned k, len, len2;
3291 assert(percent <= 100);
3292 assert(new_length >= 3);
3294 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3295 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3296 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3298 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3299 return strndup(s, old_length);
3301 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3303 if (x > new_length - 3)
3307 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3310 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3313 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3316 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3319 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3322 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3323 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3326 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3330 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3332 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3334 /* make space for ellipsis */
3335 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3338 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3339 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3344 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3345 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3349 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3353 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3358 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3359 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3362 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
3363 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3369 mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
3371 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
3376 r = fchmod(fd, mode);
3381 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1) {
3382 r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
3387 if (stamp != (usec_t) -1) {
3388 struct timespec ts[2];
3390 timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
3392 r = futimens(fd, ts);
3394 r = futimens(fd, NULL);
3401 int touch(const char *path) {
3402 return touch_file(path, false, (usec_t) -1, (uid_t) -1, (gid_t) -1, 0);
3405 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3409 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3410 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3411 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3418 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3419 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3424 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3425 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3428 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3440 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3444 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3452 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3456 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3462 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3473 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3487 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
3488 * process, the process was terminated by a signal, or
3489 * failed for an unknown reason.
3490 * >=0 : The process terminated normally, and its exit code is
3493 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
3494 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
3496 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3503 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3505 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3509 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3510 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3511 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3512 return status.si_status;
3515 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3518 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3519 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3521 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3525 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3529 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3531 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3532 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3540 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3543 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3546 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3552 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3557 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3560 return null_or_empty(&st);
3563 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3567 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3569 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3582 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3586 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3588 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3589 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3594 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3595 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3598 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3602 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3603 t = new(char, enc_len);
3607 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3610 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3613 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3616 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3617 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3619 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3620 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3622 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3623 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3625 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3626 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3631 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3634 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3637 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3640 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3643 return streq(tty, "console");
3646 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3651 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3654 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3657 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3660 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3664 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3670 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3673 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3674 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3676 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3679 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3682 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3683 * /dev/console points to */
3684 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3690 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3693 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3694 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3696 tty = *active = tmp;
3703 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3704 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3708 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3711 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3712 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3717 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3720 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3723 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3726 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3729 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3732 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3733 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3734 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3740 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3743 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3744 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3745 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3748 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3751 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3754 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
3760 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
3761 * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. */
3763 executor_pid = fork();
3764 if (executor_pid < 0) {
3765 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3768 } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
3769 _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3770 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *_d = NULL;
3774 /* We fork this all off from a child process so that
3775 * we can somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set
3778 reset_all_signal_handlers();
3780 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
3781 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) == 0);
3783 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3786 d = _d = opendir(directory);
3788 if (errno == ENOENT)
3789 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3791 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3792 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3796 pids = hashmap_new(NULL, NULL);
3799 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3802 FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
3803 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3806 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3809 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
3811 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3816 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3818 } else if (pid == 0) {
3821 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3831 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3832 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3836 log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
3838 r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
3841 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3847 /* Abort execution of this process after the
3848 * timout. We simply rely on SIGALRM as default action
3849 * terminating the process, and turn on alarm(). */
3851 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
3852 alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
3854 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3855 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3858 pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3861 path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
3864 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid);
3867 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3870 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(directory, executor_pid);
3873 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3876 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
3884 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
3890 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
3891 if (streq(i, needle))
3897 bool plymouth_running(void) {
3898 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
3901 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
3910 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
3912 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
3913 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
3914 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
3920 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
3927 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3934 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
3944 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
3950 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
3954 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3961 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
3962 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
3973 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
3978 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
3979 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3981 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
3986 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
3993 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
3996 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
3998 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4006 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
4013 return pollfd.revents;
4016 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4025 t = tempfn_xxxxxx(path);
4029 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4035 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4048 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4051 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4057 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4058 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
4060 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4064 return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4067 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4071 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4072 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4073 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4075 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4078 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4079 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4080 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4082 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4087 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4088 "\033[H" /* move home */
4089 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4096 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4099 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4106 /* Try to deallocate */
4107 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4111 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4120 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4122 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4127 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4128 "\033[H" /* move home */
4129 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4136 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4137 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4142 t = tempfn_random(to);
4146 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4149 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4157 int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
4158 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4162 t = tempfn_random(path);
4166 if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
4169 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4177 int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
4178 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4182 t = tempfn_random(path);
4186 if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
4189 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4197 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4201 display[0] == ':' &&
4202 display[1] >= '0' &&
4206 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4213 if (!display_is_local(display))
4216 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4218 f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
4222 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4223 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4232 const char **username,
4233 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4235 const char **shell) {
4243 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4244 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4246 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4264 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4268 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4269 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4270 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4271 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4272 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4274 *username = p->pw_name;
4277 p = getpwnam(*username);
4281 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4293 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4298 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4303 return strdup("root");
4307 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4309 if (asprintf(&r, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
4315 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4320 return strdup("root");
4324 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4326 if (asprintf(&r, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
4332 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4338 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4339 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4341 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4342 *groupname = "root";
4350 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4355 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4358 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4362 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4370 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4372 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4374 if (getgid() == gid)
4377 if (getegid() == gid)
4380 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4381 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4383 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4385 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4389 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4396 int in_group(const char *name) {
4400 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4407 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4408 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4414 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4416 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4418 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4421 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4423 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4426 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4427 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4432 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4434 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4436 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4438 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4439 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4441 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4442 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4450 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4456 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4459 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4463 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4464 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4465 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4466 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4467 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4468 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4469 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4475 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4476 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4477 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4478 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4482 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4483 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4495 if (!de && errno != 0)
4500 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4502 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4506 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4507 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4510 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4521 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4527 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4541 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4546 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4570 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4584 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4585 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4587 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4588 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4593 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4600 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4601 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4604 r = access(p, F_OK);
4612 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4613 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4616 r = access(p, F_OK);
4622 /* Get parent dev_t */
4623 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4626 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4632 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4638 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4639 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4642 r = access(p, F_OK);
4646 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4653 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4658 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4662 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4663 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4666 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4667 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4668 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4669 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4670 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4673 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4675 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4676 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4677 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4678 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4679 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4680 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4681 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4684 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4686 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4687 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4688 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4689 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4690 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4691 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4692 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4693 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4694 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4695 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4696 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4697 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4698 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4699 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4700 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4701 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4702 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4703 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4704 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4705 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4706 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4709 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4711 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4712 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4713 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4714 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4716 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4717 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4718 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4719 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4722 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4724 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4725 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4726 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4727 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4728 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4732 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4734 static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
4735 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4736 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4737 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4738 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4739 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4740 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4741 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4742 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4743 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4744 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4745 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4746 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4747 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4748 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4749 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4750 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4753 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4755 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4756 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4757 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4758 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4759 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4762 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4764 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4781 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4792 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4794 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4800 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4802 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4803 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4806 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4810 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4811 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4813 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4818 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4823 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4827 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4831 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4832 signo = (int) u + offset;
4833 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4839 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4840 bool loaded = false;
4843 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4851 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
4869 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4871 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
4880 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
4887 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
4890 static const struct {
4894 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4895 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4896 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4897 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4898 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
4902 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
4904 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
4907 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
4908 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
4915 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
4923 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
4936 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4938 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4940 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
4941 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
4944 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
4947 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
4948 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
4954 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4956 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4958 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
4959 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
4962 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
4965 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
4966 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
4971 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
4972 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
4974 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
4982 parent_pid = getpid();
4984 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
4991 if (agent_pid != 0) {
4998 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
4999 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5000 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5002 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5003 * to set the death signal */
5004 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5005 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5007 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5008 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5010 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5011 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5013 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5014 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5015 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5016 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5017 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5018 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5019 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5020 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5021 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5023 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5024 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5028 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5031 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5037 /* Count arguments */
5039 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5044 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5046 /* Fill in arguments */
5048 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5049 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5053 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5056 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5057 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5061 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5067 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5068 * to get as close as we can */
5069 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5071 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5072 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5074 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5080 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5081 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5092 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5094 f = fopen(path, "re");
5102 char line[LINE_MAX];
5105 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5109 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5119 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5120 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5134 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5137 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5140 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5143 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5146 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5149 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5155 bool in_initrd(void) {
5156 static int saved = -1;
5162 /* We make two checks here:
5164 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5165 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5167 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5168 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5169 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5172 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5173 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5174 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5179 void warn_melody(void) {
5180 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5182 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5186 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5188 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5189 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5191 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5192 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5194 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5195 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5197 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5200 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5203 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5205 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1);
5207 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5213 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5220 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5228 /* Take the user specified one */
5229 e = secure_getenv("HOME");
5230 if (e && path_is_absolute(e)) {
5239 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5242 h = strdup("/root");
5250 /* Check the database... */
5254 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5256 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5259 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5267 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5275 /* Take the user specified one */
5276 e = getenv("SHELL");
5286 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5289 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5297 /* Check the database... */
5301 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5303 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5306 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5314 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5328 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5334 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5339 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5340 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5343 if (strchr("\\\"\'", *t))
5351 * Check if a string contains control characters.
5352 * Spaces and tabs are not considered control characters.
5354 bool string_has_cc(const char *p) {
5359 for (t = p; *t; t++)
5360 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ' && *t != '\t')
5366 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5371 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5374 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5377 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5378 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5381 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5387 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5388 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5389 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5398 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5399 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5402 else if (comparison > 0)
5410 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5412 static int cached_answer = -1;
5414 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5417 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5418 cached_answer = true;
5422 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5424 cached_answer = true;
5428 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5429 cached_answer = true;
5433 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5434 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5435 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5437 cached_answer = true;
5441 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5445 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5446 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5450 return (bool) cached_answer;
5453 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5454 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5457 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5458 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5459 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5460 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5461 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243", /* ‣ */
5462 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217", /* ● */
5463 [DRAW_ARROW] = "\342\206\222", /* → */
5464 [DRAW_DASH] = "\342\200\223", /* – */
5467 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5468 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "| ",
5469 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5470 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5471 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5472 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = ">",
5473 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "*",
5474 [DRAW_ARROW] = "->",
5479 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5482 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5485 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5491 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5492 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5505 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5511 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5512 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5520 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5532 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5533 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5538 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5540 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5546 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5548 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5550 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5554 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5559 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5561 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5562 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5563 else if (*i == '\t')
5570 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5573 } else if (*i == '[') {
5574 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5579 state = STATE_OTHER;
5586 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5587 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5590 state = STATE_OTHER;
5592 } else if (*i == 'm')
5593 state = STATE_OTHER;
5615 int on_ac_power(void) {
5616 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5617 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5619 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5625 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5631 if (!de && errno != 0)
5637 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5640 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5642 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5648 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5650 if (errno == ENOENT)
5656 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5660 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5664 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5666 if (errno == ENOENT)
5672 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5676 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5679 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5680 found_online = true;
5682 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5683 found_offline = true;
5688 return found_online || !found_offline;
5691 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5698 if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
5701 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5702 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5706 p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path, NULL);
5708 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5718 if (errno != ENOENT)
5725 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5726 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5732 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5735 f = fopen(path, mode);
5744 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5748 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
5751 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5752 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5754 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5757 f = fopen(path, mode);
5766 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5770 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
5773 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5780 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5787 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5792 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5801 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5811 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5825 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5833 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5837 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5844 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
5851 if (*allocated >= need)
5854 newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
5855 a = newalloc * size;
5857 /* check for overflows */
5858 if (a < size * need)
5866 *allocated = newalloc;
5870 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
5879 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
5883 if (*allocated > prev)
5884 memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
5889 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
5895 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
5897 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5900 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5901 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5902 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5906 } else if (l == 36) {
5908 /* Formatted UUID */
5910 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5913 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
5917 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5918 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5919 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5930 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
5945 a = strndup(s, x - s);
5949 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
5961 int shall_restore_state(void) {
5962 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
5967 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
5970 if (r == 0) /* Container ... */
5975 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
5983 e = startswith(n, "systemd.restore_state=");
5987 k = parse_boolean(e);
5995 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
5998 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
5999 char *buf = NULL, *p;
6002 r = read_full_file("/proc/1/cmdline", &buf, &sz);
6006 for (p = buf; p + 1 < buf + sz; p++)
6015 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
6022 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
6023 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6030 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6032 log_warning("Failed to read /proc/cmdline, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
6036 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
6037 char word[l+1], *value;
6042 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6044 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6047 value = strchr(word, '=');
6051 r = parse_item(word, value);
6059 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6060 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6068 p = strappenda("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6069 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6077 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6080 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6090 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6091 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, netnsfd = -1;
6099 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6100 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6108 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6109 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6117 netns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/net");
6118 netnsfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6126 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6127 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6133 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6136 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6139 *netns_fd = netnsfd;
6144 pidnsfd = mntnsfd = netnsfd = -1;
6149 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd) {
6152 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6156 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6160 if (setns(netns_fd, CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
6164 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6167 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6171 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6174 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
6177 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6183 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6184 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6189 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6192 return errno != ESRCH;
6195 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6198 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6203 r = get_process_state(pid);
6204 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6210 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6211 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6218 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6222 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6225 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6226 * to namespacing issues */
6234 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6246 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6250 if (errno != ERANGE)
6257 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6273 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6274 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6275 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6282 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6289 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6296 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6297 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6302 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6303 p = strappenda(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6305 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6313 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6316 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6319 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6320 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6322 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6323 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6325 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6326 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6331 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
6333 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6334 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6335 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6336 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6337 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6338 * used by libseccomp. */
6340 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6342 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6345 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6348 #elif defined(__i386__)
6350 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6354 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6355 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6356 * as error indicator. */
6357 return 0xffffffffUL;
6360 const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
6362 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6364 if (p == PER_LINUX32)
6370 #elif defined(__i386__)
6379 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
6382 /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
6383 * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
6385 mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
6388 return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
6391 char* mount_test_option(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
6393 struct mntent me = {
6394 .mnt_opts = (char*) haystack
6399 /* Like glibc's hasmntopt(), but works on a string, not a
6405 return hasmntopt(&me, needle);
6408 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
6409 const uint8_t *b = p;
6412 assert(s == 0 || b);
6417 fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
6419 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6424 fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
6432 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6437 fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
6451 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
6456 r = write_string_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, param);
6458 log_error("Failed to write reboot param to "
6459 REBOOT_PARAM_FILE": %s", strerror(-r));
6461 unlink(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE);
6466 int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
6470 /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
6471 * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
6472 * unmounting them until they are gone. */
6475 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6480 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6481 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6485 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
6488 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6489 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6490 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6491 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6492 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6493 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6494 "%*s" /* (6) mount options */
6495 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6496 "- " /* (8) separator */
6497 "%*s " /* (9) file system type */
6498 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6499 "%*s" /* (11) mount options 2 */
6500 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6509 p = cunescape(path);
6513 if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
6516 if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
6532 int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
6533 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
6534 _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
6537 /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
6538 * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
6539 * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
6540 * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
6541 * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
6542 * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
6543 * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
6544 * the same mount point we only care for each individual
6545 * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
6546 * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
6547 * have any effect on future submounts that might get
6548 * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
6549 * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
6551 cleaned = strdup(prefix);
6555 path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
6557 done = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
6562 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6563 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
6564 bool top_autofs = false;
6567 todo = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
6571 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6572 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6576 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
6579 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6580 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6581 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6582 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6583 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6584 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6585 "%*s" /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
6586 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6587 "- " /* (8) separator */
6588 "%ms " /* (9) file system type */
6589 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6590 "%*s" /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
6591 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6601 p = cunescape(path);
6605 /* Let's ignore autofs mounts. If they aren't
6606 * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
6607 * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
6608 * future submounts anyway. If they are
6609 * already triggered, then we will find
6610 * another entry for this. */
6611 if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
6612 top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
6616 if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
6617 !set_contains(done, p)) {
6619 r = set_consume(todo, p);
6629 /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
6630 * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
6632 if (set_isempty(todo) &&
6633 (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
6636 if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
6637 !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
6638 /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
6639 * mount, make it one. */
6640 if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
6643 if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
6646 x = strdup(cleaned);
6650 r = set_consume(done, x);
6655 while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
6657 r = set_consume(done, x);
6663 if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
6665 /* Deal with mount points that are
6666 * obstructed by a later mount */
6668 if (errno != ENOENT)
6676 int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
6683 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
6688 char *tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p) {
6695 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 6 + 1);
6702 strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn), "XXXXXX");
6707 char *tempfn_random(const char *p) {
6716 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 16 + 1);
6723 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn);
6726 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6727 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
6736 /* make sure the hostname is not "localhost" */
6737 bool is_localhost(const char *hostname) {
6740 /* This tries to identify local hostnames described in RFC6761
6741 * plus the redhatism of .localdomain */
6743 return streq(hostname, "localhost") ||
6744 streq(hostname, "localhost.") ||
6745 endswith(hostname, ".localhost") ||
6746 endswith(hostname, ".localhost.") ||
6747 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain") ||
6748 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain.");