1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
46 #include <sys/prctl.h>
47 #include <sys/utsname.h>
49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
71 #include "path-util.h"
72 #include "exit-status.h"
78 char **saved_argv = NULL;
80 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
81 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
83 size_t page_size(void) {
84 static __thread size_t pgsz = 0;
87 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
90 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
97 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
99 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
110 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
117 pl = strlen(postfix);
120 return (char*) s + sl;
125 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
128 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
131 char* startswith(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
148 char* startswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
158 if (tolower(*a) != tolower(*b))
165 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
180 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
184 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
187 int close_nointr(int fd) {
193 /* Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong
194 * thing to do on Linux.
196 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
197 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
198 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
199 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
201 if (_unlikely_(r < 0 && errno == EINTR))
209 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
210 int saved_errno = errno;
212 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
215 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
220 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
223 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
225 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
226 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
229 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
232 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
234 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
240 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
241 unsigned long ul = 0;
248 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
254 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
264 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
265 unsigned long ul = 0;
272 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
278 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
285 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
293 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
295 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
296 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
298 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
301 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
305 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
313 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
315 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
316 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
318 if ((long) (int) l != l)
325 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
327 unsigned long long l;
333 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
335 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
336 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
342 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
350 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
352 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
353 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
359 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
369 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
370 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
376 /* Split a string into words. */
377 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
380 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
382 if (!*current || *c == 0)
385 current += strspn(current, separator);
386 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
389 return (char*) current;
392 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
393 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
394 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
396 bool escaped = false;
398 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
400 if (!*current || *c == 0)
403 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
405 if (*current == '\'') {
408 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
418 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
419 } else if (*current == '\"') {
422 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
432 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
434 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
439 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
446 return (char*) current;
449 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
451 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
452 char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
458 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
465 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
466 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
470 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
471 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
472 * skip over it manually */
474 p = strrchr(line, ')');
486 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
489 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
494 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
495 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
496 char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
501 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
508 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
515 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
516 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
517 * skip over it manually */
519 p = strrchr(line, ')');
541 "%*d " /* priority */
543 "%*d " /* num_threads */
544 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
545 "%llu " /* starttime */,
552 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
557 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
563 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
566 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
570 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
576 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/self/comm", name);
579 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/comm", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
582 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
589 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
597 f = fopen("/proc/self/cmdline", "re");
600 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
609 if (max_length == 0) {
611 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
612 k = realloc(r, len+1);
619 r[len-1] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
626 r = new(char, max_length);
634 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
656 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
665 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
666 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
675 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
679 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
690 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
700 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
709 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
713 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
716 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
721 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
727 r = readlink_malloc("/proc/self/exe", name);
730 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/exe", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
733 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
740 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
741 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
742 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
751 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/status", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
758 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
763 if (startswith(l, field)) {
765 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
767 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
769 return parse_uid(l, uid);
776 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
777 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
780 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
781 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
784 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
792 return strndup(suffix, b);
801 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
804 r = new(char, a+b+1);
809 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
815 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
816 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
819 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
829 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
832 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
838 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
849 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
856 if ((j = readlink_malloc(p, &target)) < 0)
859 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
869 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
876 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
880 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
887 path_kill_slashes(*r);
892 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
895 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
898 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
902 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
903 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
905 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
906 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
907 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
915 char *strstrip(char *s) {
918 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
919 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
921 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
923 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
924 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
932 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
935 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
937 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
949 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
956 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
962 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
969 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
970 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
973 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
974 return strdup(filename);
976 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
977 return strdup(filename);
979 k = strlen(filename);
980 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
983 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
984 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
989 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
998 /* Skip trailing slashes */
999 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1005 /* Skip last component */
1006 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1009 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1010 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1016 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1019 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1028 if (errno != ENOENT)
1035 char hexchar(int x) {
1036 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1038 return table[x & 15];
1041 int unhexchar(char c) {
1043 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1046 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1047 return c - 'a' + 10;
1049 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1050 return c - 'A' + 10;
1055 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1059 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1063 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1064 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1065 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1072 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1078 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1082 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1085 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1087 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1091 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1098 char octchar(int x) {
1099 return '0' + (x & 7);
1102 int unoctchar(char c) {
1104 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1110 char decchar(int x) {
1111 return '0' + (x % 10);
1114 int undecchar(char c) {
1116 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1122 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1128 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1130 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1134 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1180 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1181 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1182 * g_strescape() does the same */
1183 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1185 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1186 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1187 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1198 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1205 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1207 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1209 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1214 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1216 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1259 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1264 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1267 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1268 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1270 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1271 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1275 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1290 /* octal encoding */
1293 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1294 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1295 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1297 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1298 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1302 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1310 /* premature end of string.*/
1315 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1327 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1328 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1331 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1334 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1337 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1341 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1342 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1345 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1349 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1351 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1352 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1355 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1356 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1366 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) {
1372 /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1373 * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape(). We special
1374 * case the empty string. */
1379 r = new(char, strlen(s)*3 + 1);
1383 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1385 /* Escape everything that is not a-zA-Z0-9. We also
1386 * escape 0-9 if it's the first character */
1388 if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') &&
1389 !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') &&
1390 !(f > s && *f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
1392 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1393 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1403 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f) {
1408 /* Special case for the empty string */
1412 r = new(char, strlen(f) + 1);
1416 for (t = r; *f; f++) {
1421 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1422 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1423 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1426 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1438 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1443 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1444 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1445 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1450 static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1454 filename[0] == '.' ||
1455 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1456 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1457 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1458 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1459 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1460 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1461 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1462 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1463 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1466 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1469 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1472 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1475 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1480 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1484 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1486 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1488 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1494 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1499 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1503 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1505 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1507 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1513 static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1516 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1518 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1525 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1530 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1532 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1537 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1538 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1541 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1542 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1544 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1547 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1548 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1555 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1558 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1561 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1562 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1571 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1574 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1575 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1576 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1585 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1588 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1589 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1596 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1597 static const char table[] =
1606 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1610 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1612 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1618 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1622 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1625 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1628 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1634 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1635 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1637 char line[LINE_MAX];
1642 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1643 new_termios = old_termios;
1645 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1646 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1647 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1649 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1652 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
1653 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1654 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1659 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1661 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1667 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1674 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
1675 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1678 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1683 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1693 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1703 bool need_nl = true;
1706 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1713 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1717 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
1720 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1721 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1732 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1737 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1741 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1742 struct termios termios;
1745 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1749 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1750 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1751 * interfere with that. */
1753 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1754 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1756 /* Switch to text mode */
1758 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1760 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1761 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1763 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1768 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1769 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1770 * else will do that for us */
1772 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1773 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1774 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1775 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1776 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1778 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1779 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1780 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1781 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1782 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1783 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1784 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1785 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1786 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1787 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1788 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1789 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1790 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1792 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1793 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1795 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1799 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1800 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1805 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1808 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1812 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1813 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1818 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1823 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1824 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1825 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1826 * retrying a couple of times.
1828 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1832 fd = open(name, mode);
1839 /* Max 1s in total */
1843 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1852 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1857 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1864 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1865 struct pollfd pollfd;
1869 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
1876 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1886 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1892 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1901 int acquire_terminal(
1905 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1908 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1910 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new;
1914 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1915 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1916 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1918 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1919 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1920 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1921 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1922 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1923 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1924 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1925 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1927 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
1928 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1930 if (!fail && !force) {
1931 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1937 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1946 r = flush_fd(notify);
1951 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1952 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1953 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1954 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1958 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1959 * if we already own the tty. */
1961 sa_new.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
1962 sa_new.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
1963 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1965 /* First, try to get the tty */
1966 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
1969 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1971 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
1972 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
1973 * are have this controlling terminal. */
1974 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
1977 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
1986 assert(notify >= 0);
1989 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
1991 struct inotify_event *e;
1993 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) {
1996 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1997 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2002 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2012 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2015 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2022 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2027 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2032 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2033 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2035 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2042 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2043 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2044 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2045 * an endless loop. */
2046 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2050 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2052 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2054 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2060 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2063 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2068 int release_terminal(void) {
2070 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new;
2071 int _cleanup_close_ fd;
2073 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2077 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2078 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2081 sa_new.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2082 sa_new.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2083 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2085 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2088 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2093 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2098 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2099 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2106 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2107 struct sigaction sa;
2112 sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2113 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2115 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2119 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2120 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2127 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2128 struct sigaction sa;
2133 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
2134 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2136 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2140 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2141 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2148 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2154 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2159 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2163 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2166 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2175 while (nbytes > 0) {
2178 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2180 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2183 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2184 struct pollfd pollfd;
2188 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2190 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2194 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2197 if (pollfd.revents != POLLIN)
2198 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2203 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2214 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2223 while (nbytes > 0) {
2226 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2229 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2232 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2233 struct pollfd pollfd;
2237 pollfd.events = POLLOUT;
2239 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2243 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2246 if (pollfd.revents != POLLOUT)
2247 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2252 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2263 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
2264 static const struct {
2270 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2271 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2272 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2273 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2274 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2291 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2302 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2304 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2305 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2306 r += (off_t) l * table[i].factor;
2307 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2311 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2321 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2326 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2327 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2328 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2331 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2333 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2336 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2341 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2344 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2348 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2351 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2353 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2354 * sysfs or in /dev */
2357 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2358 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2361 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2362 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2371 union dirent_storage buf;
2373 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2380 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2385 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2386 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2403 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
2404 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2408 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2412 r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
2413 if (r != sizeof(ull))
2419 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2422 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2425 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2426 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2427 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2428 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2429 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2430 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2433 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2435 if (program_invocation_name)
2436 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2438 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2442 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2444 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2448 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2453 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2460 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2461 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2465 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2468 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2470 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2471 return strdup(u.nodename);
2473 return strdup(u.sysname);
2476 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2479 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2481 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2484 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2487 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2488 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2490 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2492 return strdup("root");
2494 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2498 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2502 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2503 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2505 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
2511 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2515 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2520 return lookup_uid(uid);
2523 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2530 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2533 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2534 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2539 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2545 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2553 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2557 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2561 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2563 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2570 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2572 char line[LINE_MAX], *p, *fn;
2573 unsigned long ttynr;
2576 if (asprintf(&fn, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) (pid <= 0 ? getpid() : pid)) < 0)
2579 f = fopen(fn, "re");
2584 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
2585 k = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
2592 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2602 "%*d " /* session */
2607 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2614 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2616 char fn[PATH_MAX], *s, *b, *p;
2621 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2625 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2628 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2634 /* This is an ugly hack */
2635 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2636 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
2646 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2647 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2648 * vaguely useful. */
2661 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2663 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2681 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2687 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2688 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2692 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2694 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2699 union dirent_storage buf;
2700 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2704 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2705 if (r != 0 && ret == 0) {
2713 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2716 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2718 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2719 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2720 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2725 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2728 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2729 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2731 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2732 keep_around = false;
2738 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2739 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2742 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2743 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2744 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2745 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2750 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2751 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2755 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2756 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2760 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2762 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2763 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2774 static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2776 return s->f_type == TMPFS_MAGIC ||
2777 (long)s->f_type == (long)RAMFS_MAGIC;
2780 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2785 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2786 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2790 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2791 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2793 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2794 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2795 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2799 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2802 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2808 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2809 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2810 * seriously broken system. */
2811 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2812 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2816 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2819 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2823 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2826 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2827 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2832 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2833 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2840 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2841 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2845 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2846 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2847 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2852 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2855 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2858 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2867 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2868 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2871 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2872 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2875 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2878 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2879 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2880 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2882 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2883 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2886 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2887 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2893 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2896 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2897 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2898 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2900 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
2903 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
2909 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
2913 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
2916 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
2919 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
2920 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
2930 if (errno != EINVAL)
2937 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
2938 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
2939 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2940 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2941 struct iovec iovec[6];
2943 static bool prev_ephemeral;
2947 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
2948 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
2950 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
2953 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2966 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
2972 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
2982 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
2983 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
2986 if (!isempty(status)) {
2987 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
2988 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
2989 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
2991 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
2994 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
2996 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
2998 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3004 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3010 va_start(ap, format);
3011 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3017 int status_welcome(void) {
3019 _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
3021 r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
3022 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
3023 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
3025 if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
3026 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3028 return status_printf(NULL, false, false,
3029 "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
3030 isempty(ansi_color) ? "1" : ansi_color,
3031 isempty(pretty_name) ? "Linux" : pretty_name);
3034 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3041 const char *e, *word = format;
3046 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3057 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3066 } else if (*e == '$') {
3067 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3083 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3085 k = strappend(r, t);
3099 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3110 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3112 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3114 l = strv_length(argv);
3116 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3119 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3121 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3122 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3127 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3130 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3141 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3150 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3158 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3159 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3169 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3173 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3182 unsigned columns(void) {
3186 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3187 return cached_columns;
3190 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3195 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3204 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3208 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3217 unsigned lines(void) {
3221 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3222 return cached_lines;
3225 e = getenv("LINES");
3230 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3236 return cached_lines;
3239 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3240 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3246 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3248 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3249 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3251 return cached_on_tty;
3254 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3260 /* Only works as root */
3262 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3265 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3269 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3270 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3273 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3278 assert(percent <= 100);
3279 assert(new_length >= 3);
3281 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3282 return strndup(s, old_length);
3284 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3288 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3290 if (x > new_length - 3)
3298 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3299 new_length - x - 3);
3304 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3305 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3308 int touch(const char *path) {
3313 /* This just opens the file for writing, ensuring it
3314 * exists. It doesn't call utimensat() the way /usr/bin/touch
3317 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
3321 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3325 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3329 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3330 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3331 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3338 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3339 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3344 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3345 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3348 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3360 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3364 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3372 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3376 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3382 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3393 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3405 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3412 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3414 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3418 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3419 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3420 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3421 return status.si_status;
3424 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3427 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3428 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3430 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3434 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3438 _noreturn_ void freeze(void) {
3440 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3441 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3449 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3452 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3455 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3461 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3466 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3469 return null_or_empty(&st);
3472 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3476 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags);
3482 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
3489 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3493 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3495 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3496 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3501 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3505 /* FIXME: to follow udev's logic 100% we need to leave valid
3506 * UTF8 chars unescaped */
3508 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3512 t = xescape(u, "/ ");
3518 r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-%s/%s", by, t);
3527 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3530 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3531 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3533 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3534 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3536 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3537 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3539 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3540 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3545 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3548 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3551 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3554 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3557 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3560 return streq(tty, "console");
3563 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3568 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3571 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3574 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3577 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3581 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3587 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3590 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3591 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3593 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3596 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3599 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3600 * /dev/console points to */
3601 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3610 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3611 char *active = NULL;
3616 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3619 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3620 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3631 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3634 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3637 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3640 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3643 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3644 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3645 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3651 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3654 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3655 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3656 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3659 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3662 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3665 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
3668 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3672 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and
3673 * waits for them to finish. */
3676 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
3678 if (errno == ENOENT)
3681 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3688 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
3689 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
3693 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
3698 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3701 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
3706 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
3707 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3725 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3726 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3729 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
3731 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
3732 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
3737 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3738 pid_t pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3743 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
3748 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
3752 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
3753 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status, NULL)) {
3754 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
3755 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
3757 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
3759 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
3770 hashmap_free_free(pids);
3773 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3776 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
3784 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
3790 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
3791 if (streq(i, needle))
3797 bool plymouth_running(void) {
3798 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
3801 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
3810 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
3812 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
3813 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
3814 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
3820 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
3827 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3834 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
3844 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
3850 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s) {
3853 for (p = s, d = s; *p; p++)
3854 if ((*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'z') ||
3855 (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z') ||
3856 (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9') ||
3864 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
3868 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
3869 struct pollfd pollfd;
3874 pollfd.events = POLLIN|POLLHUP;
3876 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
3883 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
3886 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
3887 struct pollfd pollfd;
3892 pollfd.events = event;
3894 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? -1 : (int) (t / USEC_PER_MSEC));
3901 return pollfd.revents;
3904 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
3915 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
3919 fn = path_get_file_name(path);
3923 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
3925 fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
3931 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
3944 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
3947 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
3953 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
3956 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3960 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
3961 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3966 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
3970 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
3971 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
3972 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
3974 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
3977 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
3978 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
3979 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
3981 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3986 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
3987 "\033[H" /* move home */
3988 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
3990 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3995 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
3998 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4005 /* Try to deallocate */
4006 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4010 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4011 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4019 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4021 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4026 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4027 "\033[H" /* move home */
4028 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4030 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4035 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to) {
4041 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
4045 fdt = open(to, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
4047 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4055 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
4059 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4070 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
4072 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
4074 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4082 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4083 r = close_nointr(fdt);
4093 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4095 _cleanup_free_ char *t;
4098 unsigned long long ull;
4105 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
4109 fn = path_get_file_name(to);
4113 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
4116 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
4117 *(x++) = hexchar(ull & 0xF);
4123 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4126 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4135 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4139 display[0] == ':' &&
4140 display[1] >= '0' &&
4144 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4151 if (!display_is_local(display))
4154 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4156 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
4160 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4161 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4170 const char **username,
4171 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4173 const char **shell) {
4181 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4182 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4184 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4202 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4206 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4207 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4208 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4209 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4210 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4212 *username = p->pw_name;
4215 p = getpwnam(*username);
4219 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4231 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4236 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4241 return strdup("root");
4245 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4247 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
4253 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4258 return strdup("root");
4262 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4264 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) gid) < 0)
4270 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4276 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4277 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4279 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4280 *groupname = "root";
4288 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4293 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4296 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4300 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4308 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4310 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4312 if (getgid() == gid)
4315 if (getegid() == gid)
4318 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4319 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4321 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4323 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4327 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4334 int in_group(const char *name) {
4338 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4345 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4353 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4355 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4357 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4360 r = !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4362 r = errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4369 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4375 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4378 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4382 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4383 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4384 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4385 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4386 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4387 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4388 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4394 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
4398 r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
4404 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
4405 if (path_equal(parent, *i)) {
4416 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4424 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4425 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4434 union dirent_storage buf;
4437 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
4446 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4448 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4452 if ((unsigned) r >= n) {
4456 t = realloc(l, sizeof(char*) * n);
4465 assert((unsigned) r < n);
4467 l[r] = strdup(de->d_name);
4491 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4505 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4510 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4534 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4548 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4549 static __thread int cached = 0;
4551 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4552 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4557 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4564 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4565 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4568 r = access(p, F_OK);
4576 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4577 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4580 r = access(p, F_OK);
4586 /* Get parent dev_t */
4587 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4590 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4596 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4602 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4603 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4606 r = access(p, F_OK);
4610 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4617 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4622 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4626 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4627 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4630 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4631 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4632 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4633 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4634 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4637 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4639 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4640 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4641 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4642 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4643 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4644 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4645 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4648 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4650 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4651 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4652 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4653 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4654 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4655 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4656 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4657 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4658 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4659 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4660 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4661 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4662 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4663 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4664 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4665 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4666 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4667 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4668 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4669 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4670 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4673 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4675 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4676 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4677 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4678 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4680 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4681 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4682 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4683 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4686 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4688 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4689 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4690 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4691 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4692 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4696 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4698 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
4699 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4700 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4701 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4702 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4703 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4704 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4705 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4706 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4707 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4708 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4709 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4710 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4711 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4712 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4713 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4714 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4717 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4719 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4720 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4721 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4722 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4723 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4726 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4728 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4745 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4756 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4758 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4764 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4766 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4767 static __thread char buf[12];
4770 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4774 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4775 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4777 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "%d", signo);
4782 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4787 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4791 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4795 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4796 signo = (int) u + offset;
4797 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4803 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4804 bool loaded = false;
4807 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4815 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
4833 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4835 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
4844 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
4851 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
4854 static const struct {
4858 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4859 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4860 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4861 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4862 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
4866 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
4868 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
4871 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
4872 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
4879 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
4887 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
4900 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4902 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4904 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
4906 l == sizeof(value) &&
4907 (size_t) value >= n*2)
4911 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
4918 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4920 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4922 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
4924 l == sizeof(value) &&
4925 (size_t) value >= n*2)
4929 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
4936 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
4937 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
4939 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
4947 parent_pid = getpid();
4949 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
4956 if (agent_pid != 0) {
4963 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
4964 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
4965 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4967 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
4968 * to set the death signal */
4969 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
4970 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
4972 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
4973 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
4975 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
4976 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
4978 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
4979 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
4980 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
4981 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
4982 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
4983 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
4984 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
4985 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
4986 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
4988 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
4989 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4993 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
4996 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5002 /* Count arguments */
5004 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5009 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5011 /* Fill in arguments */
5013 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5014 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5018 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5021 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5022 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5026 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5032 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5033 * to get as close as we can */
5034 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5036 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5037 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5039 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5045 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5046 char path[sizeof("/proc/")-1+10+sizeof("/environ")], *value = NULL;
5058 snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%lu/environ", (unsigned long) pid);
5061 f = fopen(path, "re");
5069 char line[LINE_MAX];
5072 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5076 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5086 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5087 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5107 int can_sleep(const char *type) {
5111 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5115 /* If /sys is read-only we cannot sleep */
5116 if (access("/sys/power/state", W_OK) < 0)
5119 r = read_one_line_file("/sys/power/state", &p);
5124 FOREACH_WORD_SEPARATOR(w, l, p, WHITESPACE, state)
5125 if (l == k && memcmp(w, type, l) == 0)
5131 int can_sleep_disk(const char *type) {
5135 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5139 /* If /sys is read-only we cannot sleep */
5140 if (access("/sys/power/state", W_OK) < 0 ||
5141 access("/sys/power/disk", W_OK) < 0)
5144 r = read_one_line_file("/sys/power/disk", &p);
5149 FOREACH_WORD_SEPARATOR(w, l, p, WHITESPACE, state) {
5150 if (l == k && memcmp(w, type, l) == 0)
5153 if (l == k + 2 && w[0] == '[' && memcmp(w + 1, type, l - 2) == 0 && w[l-1] == ']')
5160 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5163 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5166 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5169 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5172 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5175 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5181 bool in_initrd(void) {
5182 static __thread int saved = -1;
5188 /* We make two checks here:
5190 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5191 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5193 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5194 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5195 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5198 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5199 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5200 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5205 void warn_melody(void) {
5206 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5208 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5212 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5214 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5215 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5217 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5218 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5220 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5221 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5223 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5226 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5229 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5231 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1);
5233 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5239 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5246 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5254 /* Take the user specified one */
5265 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5268 h = strdup("/root");
5276 /* Check the database... */
5280 return errno ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5282 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5285 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5293 void fclosep(FILE **f) {
5298 void pclosep(FILE **f) {
5303 void closep(int *fd) {
5305 close_nointr_nofail(*fd);
5308 void closedirp(DIR **d) {
5313 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5327 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5333 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5338 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5339 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5342 if (strchr("\\\"\'", *t))
5349 bool string_has_cc(const char *p) {
5354 for (t = p; *t; t++)
5355 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5361 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5366 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5369 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5372 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5373 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5376 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5382 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5383 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5384 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5393 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5394 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5397 else if (comparison > 0)
5405 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5407 static int cached_answer = -1;
5409 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5412 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5413 cached_answer = true;
5417 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5419 cached_answer = true;
5423 cached_answer = streq(set, "UTF-8");
5425 return (bool)cached_answer;
5428 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5429 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5431 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5432 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5433 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5434 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5435 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243 ", /* ‣ */
5437 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5438 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "| ",
5439 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5440 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5441 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5442 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "> ",
5446 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5449 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5452 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5458 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5459 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5472 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5478 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5479 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5487 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5499 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5500 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5505 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5507 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5513 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5515 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5517 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5521 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5526 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5528 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5529 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5530 else if (*i == '\t')
5537 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5540 } else if (*i == '[') {
5541 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5546 state = STATE_OTHER;
5553 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5554 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5557 state = STATE_OTHER;
5559 } else if (*i == 'm')
5560 state = STATE_OTHER;
5582 int on_ac_power(void) {
5583 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5584 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5586 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5592 union dirent_storage buf;
5593 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5598 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
5605 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5608 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5610 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5616 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5618 if (errno == ENOENT)
5624 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5628 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5631 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5632 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5634 if (errno == ENOENT)
5640 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5644 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5647 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5648 found_online = true;
5650 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5651 found_offline = true;
5656 return found_online || !found_offline;
5659 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5666 if (!path_strv_canonicalize_uniq(search))
5669 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5670 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5673 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5683 if (errno != ENOENT)
5690 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5691 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5697 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5700 f = fopen(path, mode);
5709 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5713 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, copy, _f);
5716 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5717 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5719 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5722 f = fopen(path, mode);
5731 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5735 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, s, _f);
5738 int create_tmp_dir(char template[], char** dir_name) {
5741 mode_t _cleanup_umask_ u;
5746 d = mkdtemp(template);
5748 log_error("Can't create directory %s: %m", template);
5752 dt = strjoin(d, "/tmp", NULL);
5759 r = mkdir(dt, 0777);
5761 log_error("Can't create directory %s: %m", dt);
5765 log_debug("Created temporary directory %s", dt);
5767 r = chmod(dt, 0777 | S_ISVTX);
5769 log_error("Failed to chmod %s: %m", dt);
5773 log_debug("Set sticky bit on %s", dt);
5787 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5794 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5801 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5806 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5815 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5825 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5839 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5847 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5851 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5858 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need) {
5862 if (*allocated >= need)
5865 a = MAX(64u, need * 2);