1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
57 #include <linux/magic.h>
70 #include "path-util.h"
71 #include "exit-status.h"
75 #include "device-nodes.h"
82 char **saved_argv = NULL;
84 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
85 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
87 size_t page_size(void) {
88 static __thread size_t pgsz = 0;
91 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
94 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
101 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
103 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
114 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
121 pl = strlen(postfix);
124 return (char*) s + sl;
129 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
132 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
135 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
150 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
154 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
157 int close_nointr(int fd) {
163 /* Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong
164 * thing to do on Linux.
166 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
167 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
168 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
169 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
171 if (_unlikely_(r < 0 && errno == EINTR))
179 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
182 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
185 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
188 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
191 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
193 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
194 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
197 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
208 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
211 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
213 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
219 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
220 unsigned long ul = 0;
227 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
233 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
243 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
244 unsigned long ul = 0;
251 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
257 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
264 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
272 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
274 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
275 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
277 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
280 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
284 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
292 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
294 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
295 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
297 if ((long) (int) l != l)
304 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
306 unsigned long long l;
312 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
314 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
315 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
321 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
329 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
331 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
332 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
338 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
345 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
350 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
351 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
357 /* Split a string into words. */
358 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
361 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
363 if (!*current || *c == 0)
366 current += strspn(current, separator);
367 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
370 return (char*) current;
373 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
374 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
375 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
377 bool escaped = false;
379 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
381 if (!*current || *c == 0)
384 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
386 if (*current == '\'') {
389 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
399 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
400 } else if (*current == '\"') {
403 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
413 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
415 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
420 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
427 return (char*) current;
430 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
432 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
445 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
450 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
451 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
455 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
456 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
457 * skip over it manually */
459 p = strrchr(line, ')');
471 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
474 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
479 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
480 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
488 p = "/proc/self/stat";
490 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
496 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
503 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
504 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
505 * skip over it manually */
507 p = strrchr(line, ')');
529 "%*d " /* priority */
531 "%*d " /* num_threads */
532 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
533 "%llu " /* starttime */,
540 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
545 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
551 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
554 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
558 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
565 p = "/proc/self/comm";
567 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
569 return read_one_line_file(p, name);
572 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
573 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
582 p = "/proc/self/cmdline";
584 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
590 if (max_length == 0) {
591 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
593 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
595 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
600 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
610 r = new(char, max_length);
616 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
638 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
645 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
646 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
647 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
655 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
659 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
668 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
680 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
685 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
689 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
692 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
697 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
704 p = "/proc/self/status";
706 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
708 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
711 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
720 p = "/proc/self/exe";
722 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
724 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
728 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
735 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
736 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
746 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
751 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
756 if (startswith(l, field)) {
758 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
760 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
762 return parse_uid(l, uid);
769 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
770 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
773 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
774 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
775 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
778 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
786 return strndup(suffix, b);
795 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
798 r = new(char, a+b+1);
803 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
809 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
810 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
813 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
823 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
826 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
832 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
843 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
844 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
851 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
855 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
863 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
870 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
874 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
881 path_kill_slashes(*r);
886 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
889 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
890 struct sigaction sa = {
891 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
892 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
895 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
898 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
899 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
900 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
908 char *strstrip(char *s) {
911 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
912 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
914 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
916 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
917 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
925 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
928 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
930 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
942 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
949 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
955 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
962 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
963 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
966 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
967 return strdup(filename);
969 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
970 return strdup(filename);
972 k = strlen(filename);
973 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
976 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
977 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
982 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
991 /* Skip trailing slashes */
992 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
998 /* Skip last component */
999 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1002 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1003 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1009 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1012 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1021 if (errno != ENOENT)
1028 char hexchar(int x) {
1029 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1031 return table[x & 15];
1034 int unhexchar(char c) {
1036 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1039 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1040 return c - 'a' + 10;
1042 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1043 return c - 'A' + 10;
1048 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1052 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1056 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1057 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1058 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1065 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1071 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1075 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1078 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1080 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1084 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1091 char octchar(int x) {
1092 return '0' + (x & 7);
1095 int unoctchar(char c) {
1097 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1103 char decchar(int x) {
1104 return '0' + (x % 10);
1107 int undecchar(char c) {
1109 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1115 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1121 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1123 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1127 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1173 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1174 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1175 * g_strescape() does the same */
1176 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1178 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1179 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1180 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1191 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1198 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1200 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1202 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1207 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1209 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1252 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1257 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1260 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1261 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1263 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1264 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1268 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1283 /* octal encoding */
1286 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1287 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1288 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1290 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1291 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1295 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1303 /* premature end of string.*/
1308 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1320 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1321 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1324 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1327 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1330 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1334 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1335 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1338 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1342 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1344 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1345 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1348 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1349 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1359 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1364 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1365 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1366 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1371 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1375 filename[0] == '.' ||
1376 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1377 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1378 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1379 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1380 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1381 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1382 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1383 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1384 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1387 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1390 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1393 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1396 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1401 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1405 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1407 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1409 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1415 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1420 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1424 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1426 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1428 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1434 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1437 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1439 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1446 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1451 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1453 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1458 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1459 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1462 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1463 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1465 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1468 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1469 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1476 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1479 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1482 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1483 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1492 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1495 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1496 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1497 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1506 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1509 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1510 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1517 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1518 static const char table[] =
1528 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1532 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1534 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1540 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1544 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1547 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1550 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1556 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1557 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1559 char line[LINE_MAX];
1564 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1565 new_termios = old_termios;
1567 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1568 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1569 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1571 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1574 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
1575 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1576 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1581 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1583 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1589 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1596 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
1597 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1600 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1605 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1615 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1625 bool need_nl = true;
1628 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1635 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1639 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
1642 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1643 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1654 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1659 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1663 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1664 struct termios termios;
1667 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1671 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1672 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1673 * interfere with that. */
1675 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1676 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1678 /* Switch to text mode */
1680 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1682 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1683 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1685 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1690 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1691 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1692 * else will do that for us */
1694 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1695 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1696 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1697 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1698 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1700 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1701 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1702 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1703 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1704 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1705 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1706 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1707 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1708 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1709 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1710 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1711 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1712 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1714 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1715 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1717 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1721 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1722 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1727 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1730 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1734 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1735 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1740 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1745 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1746 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1747 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1748 * retrying a couple of times.
1750 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1753 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1756 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1763 /* Max 1s in total */
1767 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1776 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1781 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1788 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1789 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1799 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1809 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1815 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1824 int acquire_terminal(
1828 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1831 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1836 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1837 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1838 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1840 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1841 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1842 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1843 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1844 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1845 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1846 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1847 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1849 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
1850 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1852 if (!fail && !force) {
1853 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1859 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1867 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1868 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1869 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1873 r = flush_fd(notify);
1878 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1879 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1880 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1881 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1885 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1886 * if we already own the tty. */
1887 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1889 /* First, try to get the tty */
1890 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
1893 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1895 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
1896 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
1897 * are have this controlling terminal. */
1898 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
1901 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
1910 assert(notify >= 0);
1913 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
1915 struct inotify_event *e;
1917 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) {
1920 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1921 if (ts + timeout < n) {
1926 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
1936 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
1939 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
1946 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
1951 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
1956 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
1957 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
1959 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
1966 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
1967 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
1968 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
1969 * an endless loop. */
1970 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1974 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
1976 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1978 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
1984 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1987 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
1992 int release_terminal(void) {
1994 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1995 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1996 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1998 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2000 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2004 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2005 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2006 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2008 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2011 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2016 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2021 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2022 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2029 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2030 struct sigaction sa = {
2031 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2032 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2038 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2042 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2043 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2050 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2051 struct sigaction sa = {
2052 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2053 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2058 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2062 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2063 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2070 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2076 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2081 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2085 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2088 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2097 while (nbytes > 0) {
2100 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2102 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2105 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2106 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2111 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2115 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2118 /* We knowingly ignore the revents value here,
2119 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2120 * via read()/write()
2126 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2137 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2146 while (nbytes > 0) {
2149 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2152 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2155 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2156 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2161 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2165 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2168 /* We knowingly ignore the revents value here,
2169 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2170 * via read()/write()
2176 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2187 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
2188 static const struct {
2190 unsigned long long factor;
2194 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2195 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2196 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2197 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2198 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2203 unsigned long long r = 0;
2215 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2226 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2228 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2229 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2230 unsigned long long tmp;
2231 if ((unsigned long long) l > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2233 tmp = l * table[i].factor;
2234 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2238 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2241 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2245 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2255 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2260 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2261 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2262 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2265 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2267 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2270 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2275 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2278 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2282 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2285 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2287 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2288 * sysfs or in /dev */
2291 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2292 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2295 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2296 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2305 union dirent_storage buf;
2307 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2314 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2319 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2320 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2337 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
2338 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2342 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2346 r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
2347 if (r != sizeof(ull))
2353 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2356 unsigned random_u(void) {
2357 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2361 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2365 r = loop_read(fd, &u, sizeof(u), true);
2372 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2375 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2378 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2379 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2380 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2381 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2382 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2383 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2386 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2388 if (program_invocation_name)
2389 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2391 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2395 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2397 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2401 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2406 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2413 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2414 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2418 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2421 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2423 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2424 return strdup(u.nodename);
2426 return strdup(u.sysname);
2429 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2432 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2434 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2437 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2440 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2441 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2443 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2445 return strdup("root");
2447 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2451 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2455 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2456 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2458 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
2464 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2468 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2473 return lookup_uid(uid);
2476 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2483 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2486 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2487 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2492 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2498 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2506 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2510 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2514 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2516 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2523 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2524 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
2525 char line[LINE_MAX], *p;
2526 unsigned long ttynr;
2532 fn = "/proc/self/stat";
2534 fn = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2536 f = fopen(fn, "re");
2540 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
2541 return feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
2543 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2553 "%*d " /* session */
2558 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2567 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2569 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *s, *b, *p;
2574 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2578 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2580 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2586 /* This is an ugly hack */
2587 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2588 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
2598 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2599 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2600 * vaguely useful. */
2613 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2615 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2633 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2639 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2640 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2644 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2646 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2651 union dirent_storage buf;
2652 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2656 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2657 if (r != 0 && ret == 0) {
2665 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2668 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2670 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2671 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2672 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2677 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2680 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2681 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2683 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2684 keep_around = false;
2690 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2691 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2694 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2695 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2696 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2697 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2702 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2703 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2707 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2708 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2712 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2714 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2715 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2726 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2729 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2730 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2733 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2738 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2739 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2743 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2744 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2746 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2747 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2748 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2752 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2755 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2761 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2762 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2763 * seriously broken system. */
2764 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2765 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2769 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2772 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2776 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2779 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2780 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2785 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2786 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2793 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2794 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2798 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2799 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2800 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2805 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2808 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2811 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2820 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2821 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2824 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2825 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2828 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2831 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2832 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2833 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2835 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2836 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2839 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2840 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2846 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2849 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2850 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2851 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2853 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2854 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
2857 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2858 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
2864 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
2868 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
2871 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
2874 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
2875 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
2885 if (errno != EINVAL)
2892 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
2893 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
2894 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2895 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2896 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
2898 static bool prev_ephemeral;
2902 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
2903 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
2905 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
2908 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2921 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
2927 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
2935 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
2936 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
2939 if (!isempty(status)) {
2940 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
2941 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
2942 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
2944 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
2947 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
2949 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
2951 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
2957 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
2963 va_start(ap, format);
2964 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
2970 int status_welcome(void) {
2971 _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
2974 r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
2975 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
2976 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
2979 if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
2980 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
2982 return status_printf(NULL, false, false,
2983 "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
2984 isempty(ansi_color) ? "1" : ansi_color,
2985 isempty(pretty_name) ? "Linux" : pretty_name);
2988 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
2995 const char *e, *word = format;
3000 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3011 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3020 } else if (*e == '$') {
3021 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3037 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3039 k = strappend(r, t);
3053 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3064 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3066 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3068 l = strv_length(argv);
3070 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3073 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3075 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3076 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3081 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3084 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3095 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3104 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3112 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3113 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3123 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3124 struct winsize ws = {};
3126 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3135 unsigned columns(void) {
3139 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3140 return cached_columns;
3143 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3148 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3157 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3158 struct winsize ws = {};
3160 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3169 unsigned lines(void) {
3173 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3174 return cached_lines;
3177 e = getenv("LINES");
3182 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3188 return cached_lines;
3191 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3192 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3198 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3200 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3201 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3203 return cached_on_tty;
3206 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3207 struct stat a = {}, b = {};
3209 /* Only works as root */
3210 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3213 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3217 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3218 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3221 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3226 assert(percent <= 100);
3227 assert(new_length >= 3);
3229 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3230 return strndup(s, old_length);
3232 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3236 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3238 if (x > new_length - 3)
3246 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3247 new_length - x - 3);
3252 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3256 unsigned k, len, len2;
3259 assert(percent <= 100);
3260 assert(new_length >= 3);
3262 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3263 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3264 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3266 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3267 return strndup(s, old_length);
3269 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3271 if (x > new_length - 3)
3275 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3278 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3281 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3284 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3287 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3290 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3291 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3294 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3298 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3300 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3302 /* make space for ellipsis */
3303 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3306 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3307 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3312 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3313 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3317 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3321 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3326 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3327 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3330 int touch(const char *path) {
3335 /* This just opens the file for writing, ensuring it
3336 * exists. It doesn't call utimensat() the way /usr/bin/touch
3339 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
3343 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3347 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3351 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3352 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3353 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3360 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3361 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3366 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3367 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3370 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3382 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3386 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3394 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3398 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3404 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3415 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3427 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3434 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3436 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3440 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3441 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3442 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3443 return status.si_status;
3446 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3449 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3450 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3452 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3456 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3460 _noreturn_ void freeze(void) {
3462 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3463 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3471 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3474 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3477 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3483 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3488 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3491 return null_or_empty(&st);
3494 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3498 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3500 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3506 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
3513 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3517 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3519 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3520 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3525 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3526 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3530 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3534 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3535 t = new(char, enc_len);
3539 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3542 if (asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-%s/%s", by, t) < 0)
3548 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3551 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3552 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3554 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3555 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3557 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3558 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3560 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3561 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3566 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3569 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3572 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3575 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3578 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3581 return streq(tty, "console");
3584 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3589 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3592 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3595 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3598 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3602 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3608 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3611 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3612 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3614 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3617 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3620 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3621 * /dev/console points to */
3622 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3628 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3631 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3632 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3634 tty = *active = tmp;
3641 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3642 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3646 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3649 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3650 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3655 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3658 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3661 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3664 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3667 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3670 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3671 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3672 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3678 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3681 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3682 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3683 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3686 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3689 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3692 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
3695 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3699 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and
3700 * waits for them to finish. */
3703 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
3705 if (errno == ENOENT)
3708 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3715 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
3716 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
3720 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
3725 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3728 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
3733 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
3734 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3752 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3753 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3756 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
3758 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
3759 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
3764 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3765 pid_t pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3769 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
3774 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
3778 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
3779 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status, NULL)) {
3780 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
3781 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
3783 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
3785 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
3796 hashmap_free_free(pids);
3799 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3802 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
3810 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
3816 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
3817 if (streq(i, needle))
3823 bool plymouth_running(void) {
3824 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
3827 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
3836 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
3838 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
3839 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
3840 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
3846 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
3853 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3860 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
3870 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
3876 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
3880 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3887 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
3888 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
3899 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
3904 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
3906 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3908 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
3911 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
3918 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
3921 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
3923 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3928 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? -1 : (int) (t / USEC_PER_MSEC));
3935 return pollfd.revents;
3938 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
3949 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
3953 fn = path_get_file_name(path);
3957 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
3959 fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
3965 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
3978 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
3981 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
3987 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
3990 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3994 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
3995 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4000 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4004 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4005 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4006 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4008 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4011 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4012 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4013 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4015 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4020 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4021 "\033[H" /* move home */
4022 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4024 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4029 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4032 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4039 /* Try to deallocate */
4040 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4044 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4045 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4053 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4055 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4060 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4061 "\033[H" /* move home */
4062 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4064 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4069 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to, int flags) {
4070 _cleanup_close_ int fdf = -1;
4076 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
4080 fdt = open(to, flags|O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
4088 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
4102 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
4104 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
4113 r = close_nointr(fdt);
4123 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4125 _cleanup_free_ char *t;
4128 unsigned long long ull;
4135 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
4139 fn = path_get_file_name(to);
4143 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
4146 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
4147 *(x++) = hexchar(ull & 0xF);
4153 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4156 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4165 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4169 display[0] == ':' &&
4170 display[1] >= '0' &&
4174 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4181 if (!display_is_local(display))
4184 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4186 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
4190 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4191 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4200 const char **username,
4201 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4203 const char **shell) {
4211 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4212 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4214 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4232 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4236 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4237 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4238 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4239 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4240 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4242 *username = p->pw_name;
4245 p = getpwnam(*username);
4249 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4261 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4266 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4271 return strdup("root");
4275 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4277 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
4283 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4288 return strdup("root");
4292 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4294 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) gid) < 0)
4300 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4306 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4307 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4309 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4310 *groupname = "root";
4318 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4323 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4326 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4330 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4338 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4340 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4342 if (getgid() == gid)
4345 if (getegid() == gid)
4348 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4349 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4351 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4353 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4357 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4364 int in_group(const char *name) {
4368 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4375 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4376 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4382 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4384 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4386 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4389 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4391 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4394 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4395 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4400 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4402 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4404 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4406 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4407 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4409 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4410 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4418 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4424 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4427 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4431 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4432 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4433 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4434 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4435 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4436 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4437 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4443 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
4445 _cleanup_free_ char *parent = NULL;
4448 r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
4452 STRV_FOREACH(i, search)
4453 if (path_equal(parent, *i))
4459 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4460 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4461 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4462 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4466 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4467 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4476 union dirent_storage buf;
4479 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
4486 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4488 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4492 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4493 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4496 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4507 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4513 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4527 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4532 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4556 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4570 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4571 static __thread int cached = 0;
4573 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4574 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4579 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4586 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4587 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4590 r = access(p, F_OK);
4598 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4599 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4602 r = access(p, F_OK);
4608 /* Get parent dev_t */
4609 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4612 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4618 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4624 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4625 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4628 r = access(p, F_OK);
4632 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4639 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4644 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4648 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4649 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4652 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4653 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4654 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4655 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4656 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4659 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4661 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4662 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4663 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4664 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4665 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4666 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4667 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4670 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4672 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4673 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4674 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4675 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4676 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4677 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4678 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4679 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4680 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4681 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4682 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4683 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4684 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4685 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4686 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4687 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4688 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4689 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4690 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4691 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4692 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4695 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4697 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4698 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4699 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4700 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4702 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4703 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4704 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4705 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4708 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4710 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4711 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4712 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4713 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4714 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4718 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4720 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
4721 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4722 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4723 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4724 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4725 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4726 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4727 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4728 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4729 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4730 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4731 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4732 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4733 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4734 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4735 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4736 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4739 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4741 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4742 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4743 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4744 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4745 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4748 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4750 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4767 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4778 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4780 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4786 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4788 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4789 static __thread char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4792 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4796 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4797 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4799 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4804 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4809 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4813 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4817 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4818 signo = (int) u + offset;
4819 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4825 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4826 bool loaded = false;
4829 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4837 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
4855 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4857 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
4866 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
4873 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
4876 static const struct {
4880 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4881 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4882 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4883 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4884 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
4888 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
4890 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
4893 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
4894 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
4901 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
4909 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
4922 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4924 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4926 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
4928 l == sizeof(value) &&
4929 (size_t) value >= n*2)
4933 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
4940 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4942 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4944 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
4946 l == sizeof(value) &&
4947 (size_t) value >= n*2)
4951 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
4958 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
4959 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
4961 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
4969 parent_pid = getpid();
4971 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
4978 if (agent_pid != 0) {
4985 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
4986 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
4987 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4989 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
4990 * to set the death signal */
4991 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
4992 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
4994 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
4995 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
4997 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
4998 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5000 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5001 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5002 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5003 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5004 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5005 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5006 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5007 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5008 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5010 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5011 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5015 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5018 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5024 /* Count arguments */
5026 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5031 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5033 /* Fill in arguments */
5035 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5036 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5040 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5043 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5044 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5048 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5054 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5055 * to get as close as we can */
5056 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5058 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5059 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5061 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5067 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5068 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5080 path = "/proc/self/environ";
5082 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5084 f = fopen(path, "re");
5092 char line[LINE_MAX];
5095 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5099 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5109 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5110 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5124 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5127 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5130 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5133 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5136 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5139 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5145 bool in_initrd(void) {
5146 static __thread int saved = -1;
5152 /* We make two checks here:
5154 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5155 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5157 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5158 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5159 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5162 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5163 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5164 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5169 void warn_melody(void) {
5170 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5172 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5176 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5178 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5179 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5181 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5182 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5184 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5185 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5187 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5190 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5193 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5195 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1);
5197 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5203 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5210 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5218 /* Take the user specified one */
5229 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5232 h = strdup("/root");
5240 /* Check the database... */
5244 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5246 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5249 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5257 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5271 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5277 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5282 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5283 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5286 if (strchr("\\\"\'", *t))
5294 * Check if a string contains control characters.
5295 * Spaces and tabs are not considered control characters.
5297 bool string_has_cc(const char *p) {
5302 for (t = p; *t; t++)
5303 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ' && *t != '\t')
5309 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5314 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5317 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5320 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5321 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5324 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5330 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5331 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5332 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5341 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5342 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5345 else if (comparison > 0)
5353 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5355 static int cached_answer = -1;
5357 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5360 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5361 cached_answer = true;
5365 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5367 cached_answer = true;
5371 if(streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5372 cached_answer = true;
5376 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5377 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5378 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5380 cached_answer = true;
5384 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5388 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5389 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5393 return (bool) cached_answer;
5396 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5397 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5399 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5400 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5401 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5402 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5403 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243 ", /* ‣ */
5404 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217 ", /* ● */
5406 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5407 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "| ",
5408 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5409 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5410 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5411 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "> ",
5412 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "* ",
5416 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5419 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5422 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5428 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5429 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5442 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5448 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5449 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5457 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5469 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5470 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5475 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5477 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5483 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5485 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5487 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5491 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5496 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5498 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5499 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5500 else if (*i == '\t')
5507 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5510 } else if (*i == '[') {
5511 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5516 state = STATE_OTHER;
5523 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5524 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5527 state = STATE_OTHER;
5529 } else if (*i == 'm')
5530 state = STATE_OTHER;
5552 int on_ac_power(void) {
5553 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5554 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5556 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5562 union dirent_storage buf;
5563 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5568 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
5575 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5578 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5580 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5586 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5588 if (errno == ENOENT)
5594 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5598 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5601 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5602 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5604 if (errno == ENOENT)
5610 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5614 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5617 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5618 found_online = true;
5620 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5621 found_offline = true;
5626 return found_online || !found_offline;
5629 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5636 if (!path_strv_canonicalize_uniq(search))
5639 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5640 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5643 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5653 if (errno != ENOENT)
5660 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5661 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5667 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5670 f = fopen(path, mode);
5679 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5683 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, copy, _f);
5686 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5687 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5689 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5692 f = fopen(path, mode);
5701 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5705 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, s, _f);
5708 int create_tmp_dir(char template[], char** dir_name) {
5710 char *d = NULL, *dt;
5714 RUN_WITH_UMASK(0077) {
5715 d = mkdtemp(template);
5718 log_error("Can't create directory %s: %m", template);
5722 dt = strjoin(d, "/tmp", NULL);
5728 RUN_WITH_UMASK(0000) {
5729 r = mkdir(dt, 0777);
5732 log_error("Can't create directory %s: %m", dt);
5736 log_debug("Created temporary directory %s", dt);
5738 r = chmod(dt, 0777 | S_ISVTX);
5740 log_error("Failed to chmod %s: %m", dt);
5744 log_debug("Set sticky bit on %s", dt);
5758 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5765 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5772 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5777 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5786 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5796 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5810 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5818 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5822 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5829 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need) {
5833 if (*allocated >= need)
5836 a = MAX(64u, need * 2);
5846 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
5852 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
5854 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5857 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5858 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5859 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5863 } else if (l == 36) {
5865 /* Formatted UUID */
5867 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5870 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
5874 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5875 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5876 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5887 void parse_user_at_host(char *arg, char **user, char **host) {
5892 *host = strchr(arg, '@');
5901 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
5916 a = strndup(s, x - s);
5920 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
5932 int shall_restore_state(void) {
5933 _cleanup_free_ char *line;
5938 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
5941 if (r == 0) /* Container ... */
5944 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state)
5945 if (l == 23 && memcmp(w, "systemd.restore_state=0", 23))
5951 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
5954 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
5959 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);