1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
57 #include <sys/mount.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
62 #include <sys/personality.h>
66 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
78 #include "path-util.h"
79 #include "exit-status.h"
83 #include "device-nodes.h"
90 char **saved_argv = NULL;
92 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
93 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
95 size_t page_size(void) {
96 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
99 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
102 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
109 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
111 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
122 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
129 pl = strlen(postfix);
132 return (char*) s + sl;
137 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
140 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
143 char* first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
150 /* Checks if the string starts with the specified word, either
151 * followed by NUL or by whitespace. Returns a pointer to the
152 * NUL or the first character after the whitespace. */
163 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
170 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *p))
173 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
177 static size_t cescape_char(char c, char *buf) {
178 char * buf_old = buf;
224 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
225 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
226 * g_strescape() does the same */
227 if ((c < ' ') || (c >= 127)) {
229 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 6);
230 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 3);
231 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c);
237 return buf - buf_old;
240 int close_nointr(int fd) {
247 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong thing to do on
250 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
251 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
252 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
253 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
261 int safe_close(int fd) {
264 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
265 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
266 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
268 * fd = safe_close(fd);
274 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
275 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
276 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
277 * the fd was invalid at all... */
279 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
285 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
288 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
290 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
294 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
305 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
308 if (streq(v, "1") || strcaseeq(v, "yes") || strcaseeq(v, "y") || strcaseeq(v, "true") || strcaseeq(v, "t") || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
310 else if (streq(v, "0") || strcaseeq(v, "no") || strcaseeq(v, "n") || strcaseeq(v, "false") || strcaseeq(v, "f") || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
316 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
317 unsigned long ul = 0;
324 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
330 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
340 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
341 unsigned long ul = 0;
348 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
354 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
357 /* Some libc APIs use UID_INVALID as special placeholder */
358 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
361 /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
362 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
369 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
377 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
379 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
380 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
382 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
385 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
389 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
397 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
399 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
400 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
402 if ((long) (int) l != l)
409 int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
417 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
419 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
420 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
422 if ((unsigned long) (uint8_t) l != l)
429 int safe_atou16(const char *s, uint16_t *ret) {
437 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
439 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
440 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
442 if ((unsigned long) (uint16_t) l != l)
449 int safe_atoi16(const char *s, int16_t *ret) {
457 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
459 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
460 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
462 if ((long) (int16_t) l != l)
469 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
471 unsigned long long l;
477 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
479 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
480 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
486 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
494 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
496 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
497 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
503 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
510 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
515 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
516 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
522 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
523 bool escaped = false;
526 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
529 else if (s[n] == '\\')
531 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
534 /* if s ends in \, return index of previous char */
538 /* Split a string into words. */
539 const char* split(const char **state, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted) {
545 assert(**state == '\0');
549 current += strspn(current, separator);
555 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
556 char quotechars[2] = {*current, '\0'};
558 *l = strcspn_escaped(current + 1, quotechars);
559 if (current[*l + 1] == '\0' ||
560 (current[*l + 2] && !strchr(separator, current[*l + 2]))) {
561 /* right quote missing or garbage at the end */
565 assert(current[*l + 1] == quotechars[0]);
566 *state = current++ + *l + 2;
568 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
569 *state = current + *l;
571 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
572 *state = current + *l;
578 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
580 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
592 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
593 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
597 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
598 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
599 * skip over it manually */
601 p = strrchr(line, ')');
613 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
616 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
621 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
626 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
632 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
635 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
639 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
643 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
647 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
648 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
652 p = strrchr(line, ')');
658 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
661 return (unsigned char) state;
664 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
671 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
673 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
680 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
681 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
689 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
695 if (max_length == 0) {
696 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
698 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
700 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
705 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
715 r = new(char, max_length);
721 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
743 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
750 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
752 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
760 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
764 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
773 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
785 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
790 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
794 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
797 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
802 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
808 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
810 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
813 static int get_process_link_contents(const char *proc_file, char **name) {
819 r = readlink_malloc(proc_file, name);
821 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
826 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
833 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
834 r = get_process_link_contents(p, name);
838 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
845 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
846 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
856 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
861 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
866 if (startswith(l, field)) {
868 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
870 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
872 return parse_uid(l, uid);
879 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
880 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
883 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
884 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
885 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
888 int get_process_cwd(pid_t pid, char **cwd) {
893 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cwd");
895 return get_process_link_contents(p, cwd);
898 int get_process_root(pid_t pid, char **root) {
903 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
905 return get_process_link_contents(p, root);
908 int get_process_environ(pid_t pid, char **env) {
909 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
910 _cleanup_free_ char *outcome = NULL;
913 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
918 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
924 while ((c = fgetc(f)) != EOF) {
925 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(outcome, allocated, sz + 5))
929 outcome[sz++] = '\n';
931 sz += cescape_char(c, outcome + sz);
941 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
949 return strndup(suffix, b);
958 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
961 r = new(char, a+b+1);
966 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
972 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
973 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
976 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
991 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
998 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
1009 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
1010 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
1013 int readlink_value(const char *p, char **ret) {
1014 _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL;
1018 r = readlink_malloc(p, &link);
1022 value = basename(link);
1026 value = strdup(value);
1035 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
1036 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
1043 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
1047 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
1055 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
1062 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
1066 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1073 path_kill_slashes(*r);
1078 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1081 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1082 struct sigaction sa = {
1083 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
1084 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1087 /* These two cannot be caught... */
1088 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1091 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1092 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1093 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1094 if (errno != EINVAL && r == 0)
1101 int reset_signal_mask(void) {
1104 if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0)
1107 if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) < 0)
1113 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1116 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1117 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1119 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1121 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
1122 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
1130 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1133 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1135 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1136 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1147 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1154 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1155 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1158 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1159 return strdup(filename);
1161 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1162 return strdup(filename);
1164 k = strlen(filename);
1165 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1168 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1169 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1174 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1183 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1184 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1190 /* Skip last component */
1191 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1194 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1195 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1201 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1204 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1213 if (errno != ENOENT)
1220 char hexchar(int x) {
1221 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1223 return table[x & 15];
1226 int unhexchar(char c) {
1228 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1231 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1232 return c - 'a' + 10;
1234 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1235 return c - 'A' + 10;
1240 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1244 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1248 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1249 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1250 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1257 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1263 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1267 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1270 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1272 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1276 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1283 char octchar(int x) {
1284 return '0' + (x & 7);
1287 int unoctchar(char c) {
1289 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1295 char decchar(int x) {
1296 return '0' + (x % 10);
1299 int undecchar(char c) {
1301 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1307 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1313 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1315 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1319 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1320 t += cescape_char(*f, t);
1327 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1334 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1336 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1338 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1343 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1345 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1388 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1393 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1396 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1397 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1399 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0)) {
1400 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1404 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1419 /* octal encoding */
1422 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1423 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1424 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1426 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)) {
1427 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1431 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1439 /* premature end of string. */
1444 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1456 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1457 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1460 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1463 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1466 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1470 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1471 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1474 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1478 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1480 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1481 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1484 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1485 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1495 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1500 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1501 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1502 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1507 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1511 filename[0] == '.' ||
1512 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1513 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1514 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1515 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1516 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1517 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1518 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1519 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1520 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-tmp") ||
1521 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1524 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1527 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1530 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1533 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1538 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1543 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1545 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1547 if (nflags == flags)
1550 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1556 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1561 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1566 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1568 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1570 if (nflags == flags)
1573 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1579 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1582 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1584 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1591 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1592 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
1596 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1598 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1603 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1604 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1607 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1608 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1610 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1613 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1614 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1621 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1624 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1627 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1628 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1637 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1640 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1641 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1642 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1650 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1653 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1654 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1661 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1662 static const char table[] =
1676 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1680 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1684 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1686 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1692 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1696 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1699 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1702 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1708 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1709 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1710 char c, line[LINE_MAX];
1715 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1716 new_termios = old_termios;
1718 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1719 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1720 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1722 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1725 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1726 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1727 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1732 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1734 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1740 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1747 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1748 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1753 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1754 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1758 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1768 int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1778 bool need_nl = true;
1781 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1788 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1792 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, USEC_INFINITY, &need_nl);
1795 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1796 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1807 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1812 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1816 int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) {
1821 char line[LINE_MAX];
1825 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1832 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1837 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin))
1838 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1840 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
1859 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1860 struct termios termios;
1863 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1867 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1868 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1869 * interfere with that. */
1871 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1872 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1874 /* Switch to text mode */
1876 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1878 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1879 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1881 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1886 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1887 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1888 * else will do that for us */
1890 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1891 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1892 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1893 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1894 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1896 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1897 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1898 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1899 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1900 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1901 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1902 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1903 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1904 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1905 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1906 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1907 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1908 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1910 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1911 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1913 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1917 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1918 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1923 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1924 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
1926 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1930 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1933 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1938 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1939 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1940 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1941 * retrying a couple of times.
1943 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1946 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1949 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1956 /* Max 1s in total */
1960 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1978 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1979 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1989 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1999 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
2005 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2014 int acquire_terminal(
2018 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
2021 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
2026 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2027 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2028 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2030 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2031 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2032 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2033 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2034 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2035 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2036 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2037 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2039 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
2040 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2042 if (!fail && !force) {
2043 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != USEC_INFINITY ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
2049 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
2057 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2058 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2059 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2063 r = flush_fd(notify);
2068 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2069 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2070 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2071 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2075 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2076 * if we already own the tty. */
2077 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2079 /* First, try to get the tty */
2080 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
2083 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2085 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2086 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2087 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2088 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2091 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2100 assert(notify >= 0);
2103 uint8_t buffer[INOTIFY_EVENT_MAX] _alignas_(struct inotify_event);
2104 struct inotify_event *e;
2107 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY) {
2110 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2111 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2116 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2126 l = read(notify, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
2128 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2135 FOREACH_INOTIFY_EVENT(e, buffer, l) {
2136 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2145 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2146 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2147 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2148 * an endless loop. */
2149 fd = safe_close(fd);
2154 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2156 log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to reset terminal: %m");
2167 int release_terminal(void) {
2168 static const struct sigaction sa_new = {
2169 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2170 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2173 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2174 struct sigaction sa_old;
2177 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2181 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2182 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2183 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2185 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2188 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2193 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2198 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2199 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2206 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2207 struct sigaction sa = {
2208 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2209 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2214 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2218 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2219 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2226 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2227 struct sigaction sa = {
2228 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2229 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2234 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2238 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2239 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2246 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2250 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2252 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2256 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2257 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2260 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2267 while (nbytes > 0) {
2270 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2275 if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2277 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2278 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2281 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
2285 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2299 int loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2300 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2307 while (nbytes > 0) {
2310 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2315 if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2316 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2317 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2320 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, USEC_INFINITY);
2327 if (k == 0) /* Can't really happen */
2337 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2339 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2340 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2341 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2342 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2343 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2344 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2345 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2347 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2348 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2349 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2350 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2355 unsigned long long factor;
2358 static const struct table iec[] = {
2359 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2360 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2361 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2362 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2363 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2369 static const struct table si[] = {
2370 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2371 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2372 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2373 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2374 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2380 const struct table *table;
2382 unsigned long long r = 0;
2383 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2386 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2391 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2394 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2400 unsigned long long l2;
2406 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2419 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2422 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2423 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2425 if (errno == ERANGE)
2428 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2435 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2437 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2438 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2439 unsigned long long tmp;
2440 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2442 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2443 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2447 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2450 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2466 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2471 r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
2472 s = dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
2473 t = dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
2478 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2481 /* Explicitly unset O_CLOEXEC, since if fd was < 3, then
2482 * dup2() was a NOP and the bit hence possibly set. */
2483 fd_cloexec(STDIN_FILENO, false);
2484 fd_cloexec(STDOUT_FILENO, false);
2485 fd_cloexec(STDERR_FILENO, false);
2490 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2493 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2497 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2500 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2502 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2503 * sysfs or in /dev */
2506 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2507 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2510 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2511 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2522 if (!de && errno != 0)
2528 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2533 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2534 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2551 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2552 static int have_syscall = -1;
2556 /* Gathers some randomness from the kernel. This call will
2557 * never block, and will always return some data from the
2558 * kernel, regardless if the random pool is fully initialized
2559 * or not. It thus makes no guarantee for the quality of the
2560 * returned entropy, but is good enough for or usual usecases
2561 * of seeding the hash functions for hashtable */
2563 /* Use the getrandom() syscall unless we know we don't have
2564 * it, or when the requested size is too large for it. */
2565 if (have_syscall != 0 || (size_t) (int) n != n) {
2566 r = getrandom(p, n, GRND_NONBLOCK);
2568 have_syscall = true;
2573 if (errno == ENOSYS)
2574 /* we lack the syscall, continue with
2575 * reading from /dev/urandom */
2576 have_syscall = false;
2577 else if (errno == EAGAIN)
2578 /* not enough entropy for now. Let's
2579 * remember to use the syscall the
2580 * next time, again, but also read
2581 * from /dev/urandom for now, which
2582 * doesn't care about the current
2583 * amount of entropy. */
2584 have_syscall = true;
2588 /* too short read? */
2592 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2594 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2596 k = loop_read(fd, p, n, true);
2601 if ((size_t) k != n)
2607 void initialize_srand(void) {
2608 static bool srand_called = false;
2610 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2619 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2620 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in auxv, so
2621 * let's try to make use of that to seed the pseudo-random
2622 * generator. It's better than nothing... */
2624 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2626 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2629 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2630 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2633 srand_called = true;
2636 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2640 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2644 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2645 * get a PRNG instead. */
2649 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2653 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2656 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2657 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2658 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2659 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2660 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2661 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2664 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2666 if (program_invocation_name)
2667 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2669 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2673 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2675 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2679 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2684 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2691 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2692 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2696 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2701 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2704 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2705 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2708 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2714 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2717 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2719 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2720 return strdup(u.nodename);
2722 return strdup(u.sysname);
2725 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2728 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2730 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2733 char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2736 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2737 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2739 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2741 return strdup("root");
2743 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2747 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2751 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2752 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2754 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2760 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2764 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2769 return lookup_uid(uid);
2772 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2779 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2782 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2783 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2788 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2794 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2802 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2806 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2810 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2812 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2819 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2821 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2823 unsigned long ttynr;
2827 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2828 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2832 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2842 "%*d " /* session */
2847 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2856 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2857 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2858 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2865 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2869 sprintf(fn, "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2871 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2877 /* This is an ugly hack */
2878 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2879 asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr));
2883 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2884 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2885 * vaguely useful. */
2891 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2893 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2911 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2912 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
2917 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2918 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2924 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2929 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2936 if (errno != 0 && ret == 0)
2941 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2944 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2946 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2947 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2948 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2953 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2956 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2957 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2959 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2960 keep_around = false;
2966 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2967 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2970 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2971 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2972 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2973 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2978 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2979 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2983 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2984 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2988 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2990 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2991 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2998 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
3001 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
3002 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
3005 int is_fd_on_temporary_fs(int fd) {
3008 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0)
3011 return is_temporary_fs(&s);
3014 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
3019 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3024 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
3025 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
3027 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3028 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3033 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3036 static int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
3041 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
3045 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3046 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3049 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
3055 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
3056 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
3057 * seriously broken system. */
3058 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
3059 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
3063 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3066 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
3070 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
3073 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3074 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3079 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
3080 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3087 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3092 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3093 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3099 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
3102 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
3105 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
3114 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3115 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
3118 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3119 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
3122 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3125 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3126 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3127 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3129 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3130 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3133 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3134 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3140 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3143 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3144 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3145 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3147 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3148 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3151 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3152 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3158 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3162 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3165 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3168 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3169 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3179 if (errno != EINVAL)
3186 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3187 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3188 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3189 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3190 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
3192 static bool prev_ephemeral;
3196 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3197 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3199 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3202 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3215 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3221 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 50);
3229 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3230 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3233 if (!isempty(status)) {
3234 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3235 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3236 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3238 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3241 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3243 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3245 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3251 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3257 va_start(ap, format);
3258 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3264 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3271 const char *e, *word = format;
3276 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3287 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1);
3297 } else if (*e == '$') {
3298 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3315 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3317 k = strappend(r, t);
3331 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3343 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3345 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3347 l = strv_length(argv);
3349 ret = new(char*, l+1);
3353 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3355 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3356 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3361 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3365 r = strv_split_quoted(&m, e, true);
3377 w = realloc(ret, sizeof(char*) * (l+1));
3387 memcpy(ret + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3395 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3396 ret[k] = replace_env(*i, env);
3408 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3409 struct winsize ws = {};
3411 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3420 unsigned columns(void) {
3424 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3425 return cached_columns;
3428 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3430 (void) safe_atoi(e, &c);
3433 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3442 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3443 struct winsize ws = {};
3445 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3454 unsigned lines(void) {
3458 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3459 return cached_lines;
3462 e = getenv("LINES");
3464 (void) safe_atou(e, &l);
3467 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3473 return cached_lines;
3476 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3477 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3483 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3485 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3486 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3488 return cached_on_tty;
3491 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3494 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3497 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3500 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3501 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3504 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3507 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3514 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3519 assert(percent <= 100);
3520 assert(new_length >= 3);
3522 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3523 return strndup(s, old_length);
3525 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3529 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3531 if (x > new_length - 3)
3539 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3540 new_length - x - 3);
3545 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3549 unsigned k, len, len2;
3552 assert(percent <= 100);
3553 assert(new_length >= 3);
3555 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3556 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3557 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3559 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3560 return strndup(s, old_length);
3562 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3564 if (x > new_length - 3)
3568 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3571 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3574 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3577 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3580 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3583 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3584 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3587 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3591 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3593 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3595 /* make space for ellipsis */
3596 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3599 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3600 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3605 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3606 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3610 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3614 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3619 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3620 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3623 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
3624 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3630 mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
3632 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
3637 r = fchmod(fd, mode);
3642 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID) {
3643 r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
3648 if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
3649 struct timespec ts[2];
3651 timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
3653 r = futimens(fd, ts);
3655 r = futimens(fd, NULL);
3662 int touch(const char *path) {
3663 return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, UID_INVALID, GID_INVALID, 0);
3666 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3670 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3671 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3672 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3679 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3680 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3685 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3686 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
3690 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3700 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3705 name = strndupa(s, eq - s);
3706 p = strdupa(eq + 1);
3708 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3712 return strjoin(strstrip(name), "=", value, NULL);
3715 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3726 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3740 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
3741 * process, the process was terminated by a signal, or
3742 * failed for an unknown reason.
3743 * >=0 : The process terminated normally, and its exit code is
3746 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
3747 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
3749 * A warning is emitted if the process terminates abnormally,
3750 * and also if it returns non-zero unless check_exit_code is true.
3752 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid, bool check_exit_code) {
3759 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3761 return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to wait for %s: %m", name);
3763 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3764 if (status.si_status != 0)
3765 log_full(check_exit_code ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_DEBUG,
3766 "%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3768 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3770 return status.si_status;
3771 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3772 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3774 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3778 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3782 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3784 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3785 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3793 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3796 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3799 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3805 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3810 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3813 return null_or_empty(&st);
3816 int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
3821 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
3824 return null_or_empty(&st);
3827 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3831 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3833 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3846 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3850 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3852 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3853 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3858 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3859 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3862 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3866 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3867 t = new(char, enc_len);
3871 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3874 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3877 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3880 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3881 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3883 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3884 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3886 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3887 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3889 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3890 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3895 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3898 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3901 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3904 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3907 return streq(tty, "console");
3910 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3915 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3918 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3921 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3924 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3928 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3934 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3937 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3938 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3940 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3943 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3946 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3947 * /dev/console points to */
3948 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3954 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3957 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3958 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3960 tty = *active = tmp;
3967 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3968 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3972 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3975 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3976 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3981 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3984 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3987 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3990 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3993 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3996 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3997 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3998 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4004 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
4007 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4008 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4009 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4012 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
4015 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
4018 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
4024 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
4025 * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. */
4027 executor_pid = fork();
4028 if (executor_pid < 0) {
4029 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
4032 } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
4033 _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
4034 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *_d = NULL;
4037 /* We fork this all off from a child process so that
4038 * we can somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set
4041 reset_all_signal_handlers();
4042 reset_signal_mask();
4044 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
4047 d = _d = opendir(directory);
4049 if (errno == ENOENT)
4050 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
4052 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
4053 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4057 pids = hashmap_new(NULL);
4060 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4063 FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
4064 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
4067 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4070 path = strjoin(directory, "/", de->d_name, NULL);
4073 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4078 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
4080 } else if (pid == 0) {
4083 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
4093 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
4094 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4097 log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
4099 r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
4102 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4108 /* Abort execution of this process after the
4109 * timout. We simply rely on SIGALRM as default action
4110 * terminating the process, and turn on alarm(). */
4112 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
4113 alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
4115 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
4116 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
4119 pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
4122 path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
4125 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid, true);
4128 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
4131 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(directory, executor_pid, true);
4134 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4137 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4145 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4151 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4152 if (streq(i, needle))
4158 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4159 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4162 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4171 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4173 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4174 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4175 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4181 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4188 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4195 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4205 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4211 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
4215 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4222 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
4223 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
4234 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4239 bool machine_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
4241 if (!hostname_is_valid(s))
4244 /* Machine names should be useful hostnames, but also be
4245 * useful in unit names, hence we enforce a stricter length
4254 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4255 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4257 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
4262 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4269 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4272 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4274 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4282 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == USEC_INFINITY ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
4289 return pollfd.revents;
4292 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4301 r = tempfn_xxxxxx(path, &t);
4305 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4311 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4324 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4327 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4333 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4334 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
4336 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4340 return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4343 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4347 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4348 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4349 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4351 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4354 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4355 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4356 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4358 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4363 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4364 "\033[H" /* move home */
4365 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4372 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4375 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4382 /* Try to deallocate */
4383 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4387 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4396 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4398 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4403 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4404 "\033[H" /* move home */
4405 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4412 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4413 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4419 r = tempfn_random(to, &t);
4423 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4426 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4434 int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
4435 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4440 r = tempfn_random(path, &t);
4444 if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
4447 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4455 int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
4456 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4461 r = tempfn_random(path, &t);
4465 if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
4468 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4476 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4480 display[0] == ':' &&
4481 display[1] >= '0' &&
4485 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4492 if (!display_is_local(display))
4495 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4497 f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
4501 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4502 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4511 const char **username,
4512 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4514 const char **shell) {
4522 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4523 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4525 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4543 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4547 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4548 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4549 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4550 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4551 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4553 *username = p->pw_name;
4556 p = getpwnam(*username);
4560 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4572 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4577 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4582 return strdup("root");
4586 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4588 if (asprintf(&r, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
4594 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4599 return strdup("root");
4603 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4605 if (asprintf(&r, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
4611 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4617 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4618 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4620 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4621 *groupname = "root";
4629 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4634 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4637 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4641 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4649 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4651 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4653 if (getgid() == gid)
4656 if (getegid() == gid)
4659 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4660 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4662 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4664 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4668 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4675 int in_group(const char *name) {
4679 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4686 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4687 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4693 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4695 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4697 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4700 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4702 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4705 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4706 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4711 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4713 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4715 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4717 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4718 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4720 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4721 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4729 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4735 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4738 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4742 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4743 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4744 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4745 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4746 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4747 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4748 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4754 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4755 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4756 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4757 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4761 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4762 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4774 if (!de && errno != 0)
4779 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4781 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4785 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4786 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4789 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4800 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4806 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4820 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4825 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4849 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4863 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4864 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4866 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4867 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4872 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4879 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4880 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4883 r = access(p, F_OK);
4891 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4892 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4895 r = access(p, F_OK);
4901 /* Get parent dev_t */
4902 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4905 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4911 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4917 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4918 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4921 r = access(p, F_OK);
4925 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4932 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4933 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4934 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4935 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4936 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4939 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4941 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4942 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4943 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4944 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4945 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4946 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4947 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4950 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4952 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4953 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4954 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4955 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4956 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4957 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4958 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4959 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4960 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4961 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4962 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4963 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4964 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4965 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4966 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4967 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4968 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4969 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4970 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4971 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4972 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4975 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4977 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4978 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4979 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4980 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4982 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4983 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4984 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4985 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4988 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4990 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4991 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4992 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4993 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4994 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4998 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
5000 static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
5001 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
5002 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
5003 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
5004 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
5005 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
5006 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
5007 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
5008 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
5009 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
5010 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
5011 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
5012 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
5013 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
5014 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
5015 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
5016 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
5019 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
5021 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
5022 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
5023 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
5024 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
5025 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
5028 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
5030 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
5047 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
5058 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
5060 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
5066 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
5068 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
5069 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
5072 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
5076 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
5077 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
5079 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
5084 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
5089 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
5093 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
5097 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
5098 signo = (int) u + offset;
5099 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
5105 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
5106 bool loaded = false;
5109 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
5117 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
5119 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5128 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5135 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5138 static const struct {
5142 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5143 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5144 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5145 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5146 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5150 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5152 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5155 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5156 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5163 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5171 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5184 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5186 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5188 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5189 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5192 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5195 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5196 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5202 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5204 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5206 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5207 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5210 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5213 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5214 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5219 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5220 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5221 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5222 sigset_t ss, saved_ss;
5230 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5233 parent_pid = getpid();
5235 /* First we temporarily block all signals, so that the new
5236 * child has them blocked initially. This way, we can be sure
5237 * that SIGTERMs are not lost we might send to the agent. */
5238 assert_se(sigfillset(&ss) >= 0);
5239 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, &saved_ss) >= 0);
5242 if (agent_pid < 0) {
5243 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5247 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5248 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5255 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5256 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5257 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5259 /* Make sure we actually can kill the agent, if we need to, in
5260 * case somebody invoked us from a shell script that trapped
5261 * SIGTERM or so... */
5262 reset_all_signal_handlers();
5263 reset_signal_mask();
5265 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5266 * to set the death signal and unblock the signals */
5267 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5268 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5270 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5271 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5273 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5274 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5276 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5279 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5280 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5281 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5282 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5283 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5284 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5285 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5286 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5288 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5289 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5293 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5296 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5302 /* Count arguments */
5304 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5309 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5311 /* Fill in arguments */
5313 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5314 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5318 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5321 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5322 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5326 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5332 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5333 * to get as close as we can */
5334 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5336 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5337 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5339 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5345 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5346 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5357 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5359 f = fopen(path, "re");
5367 char line[LINE_MAX];
5370 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5374 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5384 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5385 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5399 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5402 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5405 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5408 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5411 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5414 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5420 bool in_initrd(void) {
5421 static int saved = -1;
5427 /* We make two checks here:
5429 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5430 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5432 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5433 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5434 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5437 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5438 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5439 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5444 void warn_melody(void) {
5445 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5447 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5451 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5453 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5454 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5456 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5457 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5459 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5460 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5462 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5465 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5468 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5470 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, USEC_INFINITY);
5472 return log_error_errno(fd, "Failed to acquire terminal: %m");
5476 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %m");
5481 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5489 /* Take the user specified one */
5490 e = secure_getenv("HOME");
5491 if (e && path_is_absolute(e)) {
5500 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5503 h = strdup("/root");
5511 /* Check the database... */
5515 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5517 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5520 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5528 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5536 /* Take the user specified one */
5537 e = getenv("SHELL");
5547 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5550 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5558 /* Check the database... */
5562 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5564 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5567 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5575 bool filename_is_valid(const char *p) {
5589 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5595 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5601 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5602 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5605 if (strchr("\\\"\'\0x7f", *t))
5613 * Check if a string contains control characters. If 'ok' is non-NULL
5614 * it may be a string containing additional CCs to be considered OK.
5616 bool string_has_cc(const char *p, const char *ok) {
5621 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5622 if (ok && strchr(ok, *t))
5625 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5635 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5640 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5643 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5646 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5647 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5650 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5656 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5657 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5658 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5667 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5668 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5671 else if (comparison > 0)
5679 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5681 static int cached_answer = -1;
5683 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5686 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5687 cached_answer = true;
5691 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5693 cached_answer = true;
5697 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5698 cached_answer = true;
5702 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5703 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5704 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5706 cached_answer = true;
5710 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5714 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5715 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5719 return (bool) cached_answer;
5722 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5723 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5726 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5727 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5728 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5729 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5730 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243", /* ‣ */
5731 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217", /* ● */
5732 [DRAW_ARROW] = "\342\206\222", /* → */
5733 [DRAW_DASH] = "\342\200\223", /* – */
5736 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5737 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "| ",
5738 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5739 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5740 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5741 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = ">",
5742 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "*",
5743 [DRAW_ARROW] = "->",
5748 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5751 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5754 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5760 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5761 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5774 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5780 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5781 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5789 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5801 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5802 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5807 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5809 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5815 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5817 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5819 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5823 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5828 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5830 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5831 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5832 else if (*i == '\t')
5839 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5842 } else if (*i == '[') {
5843 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5848 state = STATE_OTHER;
5855 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5856 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5859 state = STATE_OTHER;
5861 } else if (*i == 'm')
5862 state = STATE_OTHER;
5884 int on_ac_power(void) {
5885 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5886 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5888 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5894 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5900 if (!de && errno != 0)
5906 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5909 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5911 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5917 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5919 if (errno == ENOENT)
5925 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5929 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5933 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5935 if (errno == ENOENT)
5941 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5945 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5948 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5949 found_online = true;
5951 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5952 found_offline = true;
5957 return found_online || !found_offline;
5960 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5967 if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
5970 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5971 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5975 p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path, NULL);
5977 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5987 if (errno != ENOENT)
5994 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5995 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
6001 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
6004 f = fopen(path, mode);
6013 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
6017 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
6020 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
6021 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
6023 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
6026 f = fopen(path, mode);
6035 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
6039 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
6042 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
6049 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
6056 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6061 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
6070 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
6080 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6094 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
6102 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
6106 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
6113 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6120 if (*allocated >= need)
6123 newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
6124 a = newalloc * size;
6126 /* check for overflows */
6127 if (a < size * need)
6135 *allocated = newalloc;
6139 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6148 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
6152 if (*allocated > prev)
6153 memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
6158 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
6164 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
6166 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6169 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6170 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6171 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6175 } else if (l == 36) {
6177 /* Formatted UUID */
6179 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6182 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
6186 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6187 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6188 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6199 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
6214 a = strndup(s, x - s);
6218 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
6230 int shall_restore_state(void) {
6231 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
6234 r = get_proc_cmdline_key("systemd.restore_state=", &value);
6240 return parse_boolean(value) != 0;
6243 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
6246 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0)
6247 return get_process_cmdline(1, 0, false, ret);
6249 return read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
6252 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
6253 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6259 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6265 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6268 r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, true);
6274 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6276 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6279 value = strchr(word, '=');
6283 r = parse_item(word, value);
6291 int get_proc_cmdline_key(const char *key, char **value) {
6292 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL, *ret = NULL;
6299 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6305 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6308 r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, true);
6314 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6316 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6320 e = startswith(word, key);
6324 r = free_and_strdup(&ret, e);
6330 if (streq(word, key))
6344 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6345 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6353 p = strappenda("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6354 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6362 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6365 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6375 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6376 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, netnsfd = -1;
6384 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6385 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6393 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6394 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6402 netns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/net");
6403 netnsfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6411 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6412 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6418 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6421 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6424 *netns_fd = netnsfd;
6429 pidnsfd = mntnsfd = netnsfd = -1;
6434 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd) {
6437 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6441 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6445 if (setns(netns_fd, CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
6449 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6452 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6456 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6459 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
6462 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6468 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6469 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6474 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6477 return errno != ESRCH;
6480 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6483 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6488 r = get_process_state(pid);
6489 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6495 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6496 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6503 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6507 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6510 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6511 * to namespacing issues */
6514 if (u.uid == UID_INVALID)
6516 if (u.gid == GID_INVALID)
6523 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6535 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6539 if (errno != ERANGE)
6546 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6562 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6563 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6564 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6571 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6578 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6585 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6586 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6591 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6592 p = strappenda(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6594 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6602 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6605 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6608 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6609 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6611 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6612 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6614 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6615 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6620 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
6622 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6623 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6624 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6625 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6626 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6627 * used by libseccomp. */
6629 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6631 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6634 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6637 #elif defined(__i386__)
6639 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6643 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6644 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6645 * as error indicator. */
6646 return 0xffffffffUL;
6649 const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
6651 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6653 if (p == PER_LINUX32)
6659 #elif defined(__i386__)
6668 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
6671 /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
6672 * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
6674 mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
6677 return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
6680 char* mount_test_option(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
6682 struct mntent me = {
6683 .mnt_opts = (char*) haystack
6688 /* Like glibc's hasmntopt(), but works on a string, not a
6694 return hasmntopt(&me, needle);
6697 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
6698 const uint8_t *b = p;
6701 assert(s == 0 || b);
6706 fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
6708 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6713 fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
6721 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6726 fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
6740 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
6745 r = write_string_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, param);
6747 log_error("Failed to write reboot param to "
6748 REBOOT_PARAM_FILE": %s", strerror(-r));
6750 unlink(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE);
6755 int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
6759 /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
6760 * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
6761 * unmounting them until they are gone. */
6764 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6769 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6770 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6774 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
6777 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6778 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6779 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6780 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6781 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6782 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6783 "%*s" /* (6) mount options */
6784 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6785 "- " /* (8) separator */
6786 "%*s " /* (9) file system type */
6787 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6788 "%*s" /* (11) mount options 2 */
6789 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6798 p = cunescape(path);
6802 if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
6805 if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
6821 int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
6822 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
6823 _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
6826 /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
6827 * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
6828 * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
6829 * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
6830 * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
6831 * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
6832 * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
6833 * the same mount point we only care for each individual
6834 * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
6835 * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
6836 * have any effect on future submounts that might get
6837 * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
6838 * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
6840 cleaned = strdup(prefix);
6844 path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
6846 done = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6851 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6852 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
6853 bool top_autofs = false;
6856 todo = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6860 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6861 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6865 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
6868 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6869 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6870 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6871 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6872 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6873 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6874 "%*s" /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
6875 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6876 "- " /* (8) separator */
6877 "%ms " /* (9) file system type */
6878 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6879 "%*s" /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
6880 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6890 p = cunescape(path);
6894 /* Let's ignore autofs mounts. If they aren't
6895 * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
6896 * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
6897 * future submounts anyway. If they are
6898 * already triggered, then we will find
6899 * another entry for this. */
6900 if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
6901 top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
6905 if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
6906 !set_contains(done, p)) {
6908 r = set_consume(todo, p);
6918 /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
6919 * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
6921 if (set_isempty(todo) &&
6922 (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
6925 if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
6926 !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
6927 /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
6928 * mount, make it one. */
6929 if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
6932 if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
6935 x = strdup(cleaned);
6939 r = set_consume(done, x);
6944 while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
6946 r = set_consume(done, x);
6952 if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
6954 /* Deal with mount points that are
6955 * obstructed by a later mount */
6957 if (errno != ENOENT)
6965 int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
6972 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
6977 int tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p, char **ret) {
6989 * /foo/bar/.waldoXXXXXX
6993 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
6996 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 6 + 1);
7000 strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), "."), fn), "XXXXXX");
7002 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7006 int tempfn_random(const char *p, char **ret) {
7020 * /foo/bar/.waldobaa2a261115984a9
7024 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
7027 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 16 + 1);
7031 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), "."), fn);
7034 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
7035 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
7041 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7045 int tempfn_random_child(const char *p, char **ret) {
7056 * /foo/bar/waldo/.3c2b6219aa75d7d0
7059 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 16 + 1);
7063 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(t, p), "/.");
7066 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
7067 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
7073 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7077 /* make sure the hostname is not "localhost" */
7078 bool is_localhost(const char *hostname) {
7081 /* This tries to identify local host and domain names
7082 * described in RFC6761 plus the redhatism of .localdomain */
7084 return streq(hostname, "localhost") ||
7085 streq(hostname, "localhost.") ||
7086 streq(hostname, "localdomain.") ||
7087 streq(hostname, "localdomain") ||
7088 endswith(hostname, ".localhost") ||
7089 endswith(hostname, ".localhost.") ||
7090 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain") ||
7091 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain.");
7094 int take_password_lock(const char *root) {
7096 struct flock flock = {
7098 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
7106 /* This is roughly the same as lckpwdf(), but not as awful. We
7107 * don't want to use alarm() and signals, hence we implement
7108 * our own trivial version of this.
7110 * Note that shadow-utils also takes per-database locks in
7111 * addition to lckpwdf(). However, we don't given that they
7112 * are redundant as they they invoke lckpwdf() first and keep
7113 * it during everything they do. The per-database locks are
7114 * awfully racy, and thus we just won't do them. */
7117 path = strappenda(root, "/etc/.pwd.lock");
7119 path = "/etc/.pwd.lock";
7121 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600);
7125 r = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &flock);
7134 int is_symlink(const char *path) {
7137 if (lstat(path, &info) < 0)
7140 return !!S_ISLNK(info.st_mode);
7143 int is_dir(const char* path, bool follow) {
7148 r = stat(path, &st);
7150 r = lstat(path, &st);
7154 return !!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
7157 int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret, bool relax) {
7158 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
7159 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
7166 SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7168 DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7176 /* Parses the first word of a string, and returns it in
7177 * *ret. Removes all quotes in the process. When parsing fails
7178 * (because of an uneven number of quotes or similar), leaves
7179 * the pointer *p at the first invalid character. */
7189 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7199 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7201 state = VALUE_ESCAPE;
7203 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7204 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7207 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7222 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7235 } else if (c == '\'')
7238 state = SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7240 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7248 case SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7255 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7259 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7268 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7270 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7278 case DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7285 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7289 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7295 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7317 int unquote_many_words(const char **p, ...) {
7322 /* Parses a number of words from a string, stripping any
7323 * quotes if necessary. */
7327 /* Count how many words are expected */
7330 if (!va_arg(ap, char **))
7339 /* Read all words into a temporary array */
7340 l = newa0(char*, n);
7341 for (c = 0; c < n; c++) {
7343 r = unquote_first_word(p, &l[c], false);
7347 for (j = 0; j < c; j++)
7357 /* If we managed to parse all words, return them in the passed
7360 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
7363 v = va_arg(ap, char **);
7373 int free_and_strdup(char **p, const char *s) {
7378 /* Replaces a string pointer with an strdup()ed new string,
7379 * possibly freeing the old one. */
7394 int sethostname_idempotent(const char *s) {
7396 char buf[HOST_NAME_MAX + 1] = {};
7400 r = gethostname(buf, sizeof(buf));
7407 r = sethostname(s, strlen(s));