1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
46 #include <sys/prctl.h>
47 #include <sys/utsname.h>
49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
71 #include "path-util.h"
72 #include "exit-status.h"
76 #include "device-nodes.h"
79 char **saved_argv = NULL;
81 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
82 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
84 size_t page_size(void) {
85 static __thread size_t pgsz = 0;
88 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
91 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
98 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
100 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
111 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
118 pl = strlen(postfix);
121 return (char*) s + sl;
126 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
129 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
132 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
147 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
151 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
154 int close_nointr(int fd) {
160 /* Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong
161 * thing to do on Linux.
163 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
164 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
165 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
166 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
168 if (_unlikely_(r < 0 && errno == EINTR))
176 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
179 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
182 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
185 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
188 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
190 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
191 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
194 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
205 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
208 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
210 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
216 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
217 unsigned long ul = 0;
224 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
230 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
240 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
241 unsigned long ul = 0;
248 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
254 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
261 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
269 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
271 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
272 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
274 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
277 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
281 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
289 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
291 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
292 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
294 if ((long) (int) l != l)
301 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
303 unsigned long long l;
309 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
311 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
312 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
318 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
326 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
328 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
329 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
335 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
342 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
347 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
348 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
354 /* Split a string into words. */
355 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
358 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
360 if (!*current || *c == 0)
363 current += strspn(current, separator);
364 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
367 return (char*) current;
370 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
371 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
372 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
374 bool escaped = false;
376 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
378 if (!*current || *c == 0)
381 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
383 if (*current == '\'') {
386 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
396 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
397 } else if (*current == '\"') {
400 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
410 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
412 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
417 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
424 return (char*) current;
427 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
429 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
442 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
447 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
448 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
452 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
453 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
454 * skip over it manually */
456 p = strrchr(line, ')');
468 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
471 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
476 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
477 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
485 p = "/proc/self/stat";
487 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
493 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
500 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
501 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
502 * skip over it manually */
504 p = strrchr(line, ')');
526 "%*d " /* priority */
528 "%*d " /* num_threads */
529 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
530 "%llu " /* starttime */,
537 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
542 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
548 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
551 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
555 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
562 p = "/proc/self/comm";
564 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
566 return read_one_line_file(p, name);
569 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
570 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
579 p = "/proc/self/cmdline";
581 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
587 if (max_length == 0) {
588 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
590 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
592 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
597 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
607 r = new(char, max_length);
613 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
635 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
642 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
643 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
652 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
656 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
667 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
679 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
684 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
688 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
691 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
696 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
703 p = "/proc/self/status";
705 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
707 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
710 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
719 p = "/proc/self/exe";
721 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
723 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
727 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
734 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
735 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
745 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
750 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
755 if (startswith(l, field)) {
757 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
759 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
761 return parse_uid(l, uid);
768 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
769 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
772 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
773 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
774 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
777 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
785 return strndup(suffix, b);
794 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
797 r = new(char, a+b+1);
802 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
808 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
809 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
812 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
822 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
825 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
831 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
842 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
843 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
850 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
854 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
862 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
869 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
873 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
880 path_kill_slashes(*r);
885 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
888 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
889 struct sigaction sa = {
890 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
891 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
894 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
897 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
898 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
899 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
907 char *strstrip(char *s) {
910 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
911 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
913 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
915 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
916 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
924 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
927 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
929 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
941 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
948 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
954 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
961 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
962 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
965 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
966 return strdup(filename);
968 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
969 return strdup(filename);
971 k = strlen(filename);
972 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
975 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
976 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
981 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
990 /* Skip trailing slashes */
991 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
997 /* Skip last component */
998 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1001 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1002 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1008 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1011 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1020 if (errno != ENOENT)
1027 char hexchar(int x) {
1028 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1030 return table[x & 15];
1033 int unhexchar(char c) {
1035 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1038 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1039 return c - 'a' + 10;
1041 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1042 return c - 'A' + 10;
1047 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1051 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1055 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1056 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1057 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1064 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1070 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1074 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1077 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1079 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1083 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1090 char octchar(int x) {
1091 return '0' + (x & 7);
1094 int unoctchar(char c) {
1096 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1102 char decchar(int x) {
1103 return '0' + (x % 10);
1106 int undecchar(char c) {
1108 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1114 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1120 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1122 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1126 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1172 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1173 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1174 * g_strescape() does the same */
1175 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1177 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1178 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1179 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1190 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1197 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1199 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1201 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1206 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1208 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1251 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1256 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1259 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1260 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1262 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1263 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1267 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1282 /* octal encoding */
1285 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1286 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1287 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1289 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1290 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1294 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1302 /* premature end of string.*/
1307 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1319 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1320 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1323 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1326 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1329 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1333 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1334 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1337 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1341 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1343 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1344 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1347 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1348 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1358 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) {
1364 /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1365 * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape(). We special
1366 * case the empty string. */
1371 r = new(char, strlen(s)*3 + 1);
1375 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1377 /* Escape everything that is not a-zA-Z0-9. We also
1378 * escape 0-9 if it's the first character */
1380 if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') &&
1381 !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') &&
1382 !(f > s && *f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
1384 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1385 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1395 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f) {
1400 /* Special case for the empty string */
1404 r = new(char, strlen(f) + 1);
1408 for (t = r; *f; f++) {
1413 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1414 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1415 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1418 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1430 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1435 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1436 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1437 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1442 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1446 filename[0] == '.' ||
1447 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1448 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1449 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1450 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1451 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1452 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1453 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1454 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1455 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1458 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1461 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1464 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1467 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1472 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1476 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1478 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1480 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1486 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1491 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1495 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1497 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1499 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1505 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1508 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1510 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1517 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1522 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1524 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1529 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1530 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1533 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1534 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1536 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1539 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1540 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1547 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1550 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1553 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1554 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1563 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1566 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1567 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1568 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1577 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1580 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1581 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1588 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1589 static const char table[] =
1599 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1603 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1605 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1611 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1615 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1618 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1621 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1627 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1628 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1630 char line[LINE_MAX];
1635 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1636 new_termios = old_termios;
1638 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1639 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1640 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1642 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1645 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
1646 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1647 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1652 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1654 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1660 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1667 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
1668 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1671 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1676 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1686 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1696 bool need_nl = true;
1699 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1706 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1710 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
1713 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1714 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1725 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1730 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1734 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1735 struct termios termios;
1738 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1742 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1743 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1744 * interfere with that. */
1746 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1747 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1749 /* Switch to text mode */
1751 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1753 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1754 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1756 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1761 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1762 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1763 * else will do that for us */
1765 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1766 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1767 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1768 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1769 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1771 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1772 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1773 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1774 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1775 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1776 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1777 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1778 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1779 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1780 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1781 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1782 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1783 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1785 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1786 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1788 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1792 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1793 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1798 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1801 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1805 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1806 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1811 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1816 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1817 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1818 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1819 * retrying a couple of times.
1821 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1824 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1827 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1834 /* Max 1s in total */
1838 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1847 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1852 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1859 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1860 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1870 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1880 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1886 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1895 int acquire_terminal(
1899 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1902 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1907 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1908 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1909 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1911 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1912 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1913 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1914 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1915 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1916 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1917 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1918 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1920 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
1921 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1923 if (!fail && !force) {
1924 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1930 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1938 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1939 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1940 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1944 r = flush_fd(notify);
1949 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1950 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1951 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1952 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1956 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1957 * if we already own the tty. */
1958 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1960 /* First, try to get the tty */
1961 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
1964 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1966 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
1967 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
1968 * are have this controlling terminal. */
1969 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
1972 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
1981 assert(notify >= 0);
1984 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
1986 struct inotify_event *e;
1988 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) {
1991 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1992 if (ts + timeout < n) {
1997 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2007 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2010 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2017 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2022 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2027 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2028 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2030 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2037 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2038 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2039 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2040 * an endless loop. */
2041 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2045 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2047 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2049 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2055 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2058 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2063 int release_terminal(void) {
2065 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2066 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2067 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2069 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2071 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2075 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2076 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2077 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2079 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2082 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2087 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2092 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2093 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2100 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2101 struct sigaction sa = {
2102 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2103 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2109 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2113 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2114 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2121 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2122 struct sigaction sa = {
2123 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2124 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2129 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2133 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2134 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2141 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2147 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2152 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2156 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2159 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2168 while (nbytes > 0) {
2171 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2173 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2176 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2177 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2182 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2186 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2189 /* We knowingly ignore the revents value here,
2190 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2191 * via read()/write()
2197 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2208 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2217 while (nbytes > 0) {
2220 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2223 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2226 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2227 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2232 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2236 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2239 /* We knowingly ignore the revents value here,
2240 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2241 * via read()/write()
2247 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2258 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
2259 static const struct {
2261 unsigned long long factor;
2265 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2266 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2267 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2268 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2269 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2274 unsigned long long r = 0;
2286 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2297 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2299 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2300 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2301 unsigned long long tmp;
2302 if ((unsigned long long) l > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2304 tmp = l * table[i].factor;
2305 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2309 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2312 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2316 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2326 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2331 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2332 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2333 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2336 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2338 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2341 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2346 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2349 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2353 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2356 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2358 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2359 * sysfs or in /dev */
2362 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2363 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2366 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2367 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2376 union dirent_storage buf;
2378 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2385 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2390 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2391 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2408 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
2409 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2413 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2417 r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
2418 if (r != sizeof(ull))
2424 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2427 unsigned random_u(void) {
2428 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2432 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2436 r = loop_read(fd, &u, sizeof(u), true);
2443 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2446 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2449 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2450 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2451 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2452 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2453 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2454 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2457 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2459 if (program_invocation_name)
2460 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2462 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2466 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2468 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2472 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2477 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2484 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2485 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2489 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2492 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2494 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2495 return strdup(u.nodename);
2497 return strdup(u.sysname);
2500 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2503 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2505 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2508 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2511 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2512 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2514 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2516 return strdup("root");
2518 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2522 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2526 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2527 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2529 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
2535 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2539 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2544 return lookup_uid(uid);
2547 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2554 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2557 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2558 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2563 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2569 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2577 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2581 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2585 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2587 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2594 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2595 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
2596 char line[LINE_MAX], *p;
2597 unsigned long ttynr;
2605 fn = "/proc/self/stat";
2607 fn = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2609 f = fopen(fn, "re");
2613 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
2614 k = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
2618 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2628 "%*d " /* session */
2633 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2640 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2642 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *s, *b, *p;
2647 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2651 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2653 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2659 /* This is an ugly hack */
2660 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2661 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
2671 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2672 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2673 * vaguely useful. */
2686 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2688 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2706 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2712 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2713 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2717 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2719 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2724 union dirent_storage buf;
2725 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2729 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2730 if (r != 0 && ret == 0) {
2738 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2741 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2743 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2744 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2745 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2750 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2753 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2754 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2756 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2757 keep_around = false;
2763 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2764 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2767 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2768 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2769 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2770 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2775 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2776 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2780 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2781 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2785 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2787 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2788 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2799 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2802 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2803 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2806 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2811 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2812 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2816 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2817 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2819 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2820 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2821 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2825 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2828 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2834 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2835 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2836 * seriously broken system. */
2837 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2838 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2842 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2845 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2849 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2852 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2853 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2858 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2859 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2866 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2867 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2871 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2872 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2873 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2878 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2881 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2884 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2893 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2894 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2897 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2898 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2901 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2904 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2905 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2906 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2908 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2909 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2912 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2913 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2919 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2922 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2923 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2924 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2926 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
2929 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
2935 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
2939 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
2942 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
2945 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
2946 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
2956 if (errno != EINVAL)
2963 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
2964 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
2965 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2966 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2967 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
2969 static bool prev_ephemeral;
2973 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
2974 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
2976 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
2979 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2992 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
2998 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
3006 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3007 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3010 if (!isempty(status)) {
3011 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3012 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3013 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3015 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3018 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3020 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3022 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3028 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3034 va_start(ap, format);
3035 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3041 int status_welcome(void) {
3043 _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
3045 r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
3046 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
3047 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
3049 if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
3050 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3052 return status_printf(NULL, false, false,
3053 "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
3054 isempty(ansi_color) ? "1" : ansi_color,
3055 isempty(pretty_name) ? "Linux" : pretty_name);
3058 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3065 const char *e, *word = format;
3070 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3081 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3090 } else if (*e == '$') {
3091 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3107 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3109 k = strappend(r, t);
3123 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3134 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3136 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3138 l = strv_length(argv);
3140 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3143 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3145 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3146 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3151 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3154 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3165 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3174 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3182 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3183 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3193 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3194 struct winsize ws = {};
3196 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3205 unsigned columns(void) {
3209 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3210 return cached_columns;
3213 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3218 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3227 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3228 struct winsize ws = {};
3230 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3239 unsigned lines(void) {
3243 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3244 return cached_lines;
3247 e = getenv("LINES");
3252 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3258 return cached_lines;
3261 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3262 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3268 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3270 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3271 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3273 return cached_on_tty;
3276 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3277 struct stat a = {}, b = {};
3279 /* Only works as root */
3280 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3283 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3287 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3288 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3291 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3296 assert(percent <= 100);
3297 assert(new_length >= 3);
3299 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3300 return strndup(s, old_length);
3302 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3306 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3308 if (x > new_length - 3)
3316 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3317 new_length - x - 3);
3322 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3323 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3326 int touch(const char *path) {
3331 /* This just opens the file for writing, ensuring it
3332 * exists. It doesn't call utimensat() the way /usr/bin/touch
3335 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
3339 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3343 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3347 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3348 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3349 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3356 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3357 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3362 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3363 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3366 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3378 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3382 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3390 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3394 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3400 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3411 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3423 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3430 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3432 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3436 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3437 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3438 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3439 return status.si_status;
3442 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3445 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3446 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3448 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3452 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3456 _noreturn_ void freeze(void) {
3458 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3459 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3467 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3470 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3473 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3479 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3484 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3487 return null_or_empty(&st);
3490 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3494 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3496 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3502 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
3509 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3513 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3515 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3516 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3521 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3522 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3526 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3530 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3531 t = new(char, enc_len);
3535 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3538 if (asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-%s/%s", by, t) < 0)
3544 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3547 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3548 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3550 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3551 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3553 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3554 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3556 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3557 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3562 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3565 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3568 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3571 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3574 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3577 return streq(tty, "console");
3580 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3585 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3588 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3591 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3594 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3598 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3604 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3607 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3608 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3610 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3613 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3616 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3617 * /dev/console points to */
3618 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3627 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3628 char *active = NULL;
3633 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3636 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3637 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3648 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3651 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3654 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3657 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3660 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3661 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3662 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3668 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3671 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3672 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3673 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3676 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3679 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3682 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
3685 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3689 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and
3690 * waits for them to finish. */
3693 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
3695 if (errno == ENOENT)
3698 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3705 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
3706 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
3710 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
3715 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3718 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
3723 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
3724 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3742 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3743 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3746 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
3748 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
3749 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
3754 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3755 pid_t pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3759 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
3764 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
3768 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
3769 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status, NULL)) {
3770 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
3771 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
3773 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
3775 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
3786 hashmap_free_free(pids);
3789 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3792 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
3800 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
3806 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
3807 if (streq(i, needle))
3813 bool plymouth_running(void) {
3814 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
3817 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
3826 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
3828 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
3829 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
3830 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
3836 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
3843 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3850 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
3860 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
3866 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
3870 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3877 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
3878 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
3889 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
3894 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
3896 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3898 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
3901 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
3908 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
3911 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
3913 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3918 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? -1 : (int) (t / USEC_PER_MSEC));
3925 return pollfd.revents;
3928 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
3939 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
3943 fn = path_get_file_name(path);
3947 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
3949 fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
3955 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
3968 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
3971 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
3977 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
3980 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3984 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
3985 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3990 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
3994 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
3995 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
3996 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
3998 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4001 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4002 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4003 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4005 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4010 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4011 "\033[H" /* move home */
4012 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4014 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4019 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4022 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4029 /* Try to deallocate */
4030 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4034 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4035 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4043 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4045 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4050 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4051 "\033[H" /* move home */
4052 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4054 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4059 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to, int flags) {
4060 _cleanup_close_ int fdf = -1;
4066 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
4070 fdt = open(to, flags|O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
4078 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
4092 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
4094 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
4103 r = close_nointr(fdt);
4113 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4115 _cleanup_free_ char *t;
4118 unsigned long long ull;
4125 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
4129 fn = path_get_file_name(to);
4133 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
4136 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
4137 *(x++) = hexchar(ull & 0xF);
4143 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4146 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4155 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4159 display[0] == ':' &&
4160 display[1] >= '0' &&
4164 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4171 if (!display_is_local(display))
4174 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4176 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
4180 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4181 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4190 const char **username,
4191 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4193 const char **shell) {
4201 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4202 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4204 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4222 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4226 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4227 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4228 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4229 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4230 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4232 *username = p->pw_name;
4235 p = getpwnam(*username);
4239 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4251 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4256 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4261 return strdup("root");
4265 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4267 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
4273 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4278 return strdup("root");
4282 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4284 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) gid) < 0)
4290 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4296 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4297 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4299 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4300 *groupname = "root";
4308 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4313 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4316 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4320 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4328 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4330 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4332 if (getgid() == gid)
4335 if (getegid() == gid)
4338 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4339 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4341 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4343 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4347 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4354 int in_group(const char *name) {
4358 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4365 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4366 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4372 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4374 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4376 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4379 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4381 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4384 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4385 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4390 k = glob(optarg, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4392 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4394 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4396 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4397 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4399 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4400 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4408 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4414 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4417 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4421 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4422 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4423 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4424 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4425 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4426 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4427 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4433 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
4435 _cleanup_free_ char *parent = NULL;
4438 r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
4442 STRV_FOREACH(i, search)
4443 if (path_equal(parent, *i))
4449 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4450 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4451 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4452 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4456 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4457 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4466 union dirent_storage buf;
4469 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
4476 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4478 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4482 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4483 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4486 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4497 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4503 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4517 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4522 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4546 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4560 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4561 static __thread int cached = 0;
4563 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4564 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4569 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4576 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4577 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4580 r = access(p, F_OK);
4588 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4589 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4592 r = access(p, F_OK);
4598 /* Get parent dev_t */
4599 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4602 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4608 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4614 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4615 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4618 r = access(p, F_OK);
4622 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4629 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4634 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4638 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4639 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4642 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4643 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4644 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4645 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4646 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4649 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4651 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4652 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4653 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4654 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4655 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4656 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4657 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4660 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4662 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4663 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4664 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4665 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4666 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4667 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4668 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4669 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4670 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4671 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4672 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4673 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4674 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4675 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4676 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4677 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4678 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4679 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4680 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4681 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4682 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4685 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4687 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4688 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4689 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4690 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4692 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4693 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4694 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4695 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4698 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4700 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4701 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4702 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4703 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4704 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4708 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4710 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
4711 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4712 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4713 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4714 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4715 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4716 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4717 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4718 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4719 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4720 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4721 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4722 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4723 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4724 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4725 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4726 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4729 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4731 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4732 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4733 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4734 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4735 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4738 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4740 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4757 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4768 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4770 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4776 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4778 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4779 static __thread char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4782 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4786 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4787 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4789 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4794 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4799 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4803 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4807 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4808 signo = (int) u + offset;
4809 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4815 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4816 bool loaded = false;
4819 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4827 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
4845 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4847 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
4856 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
4863 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
4866 static const struct {
4870 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4871 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4872 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4873 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4874 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
4878 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
4880 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
4883 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
4884 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
4891 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
4899 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
4912 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4914 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4916 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
4918 l == sizeof(value) &&
4919 (size_t) value >= n*2)
4923 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
4930 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4932 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4934 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
4936 l == sizeof(value) &&
4937 (size_t) value >= n*2)
4941 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
4948 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
4949 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
4951 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
4959 parent_pid = getpid();
4961 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
4968 if (agent_pid != 0) {
4975 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
4976 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
4977 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4979 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
4980 * to set the death signal */
4981 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
4982 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
4984 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
4985 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
4987 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
4988 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
4990 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
4991 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
4992 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
4993 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
4994 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
4995 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
4996 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
4997 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
4998 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5000 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5001 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5005 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5008 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5014 /* Count arguments */
5016 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5021 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5023 /* Fill in arguments */
5025 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5026 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5030 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5033 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5034 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5038 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5044 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5045 * to get as close as we can */
5046 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5048 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5049 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5051 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5057 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5058 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5070 path = "/proc/self/environ";
5072 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5074 f = fopen(path, "re");
5082 char line[LINE_MAX];
5085 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5089 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5099 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5100 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5114 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5117 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5120 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5123 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5126 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5129 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5135 bool in_initrd(void) {
5136 static __thread int saved = -1;
5142 /* We make two checks here:
5144 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5145 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5147 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5148 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5149 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5152 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5153 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5154 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5159 void warn_melody(void) {
5160 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5162 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5166 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5168 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5169 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5171 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5172 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5174 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5175 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5177 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5180 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5183 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5185 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1);
5187 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5193 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5200 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5208 /* Take the user specified one */
5219 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5222 h = strdup("/root");
5230 /* Check the database... */
5234 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5236 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5239 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5247 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5261 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5267 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5272 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5273 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5276 if (strchr("\\\"\'", *t))
5284 * Check if a string contains control characters.
5285 * Spaces and tabs are not considered control characters.
5287 bool string_has_cc(const char *p) {
5292 for (t = p; *t; t++)
5293 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ' && *t != '\t')
5299 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5304 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5307 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5310 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5311 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5314 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5320 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5321 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5322 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5331 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5332 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5335 else if (comparison > 0)
5343 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5345 static int cached_answer = -1;
5347 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5350 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5351 cached_answer = true;
5355 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5357 cached_answer = true;
5361 if(streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5362 cached_answer = true;
5366 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5367 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5368 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5370 cached_answer = true;
5374 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5378 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5379 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5383 return (bool) cached_answer;
5386 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5387 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5389 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5390 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5391 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5392 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5393 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243 ", /* ‣ */
5395 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5396 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "| ",
5397 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5398 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5399 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5400 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "> ",
5404 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5407 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5410 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5416 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5417 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5430 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5436 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5437 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5445 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5457 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5458 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5463 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5465 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5471 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5473 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5475 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5479 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5484 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5486 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5487 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5488 else if (*i == '\t')
5495 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5498 } else if (*i == '[') {
5499 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5504 state = STATE_OTHER;
5511 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5512 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5515 state = STATE_OTHER;
5517 } else if (*i == 'm')
5518 state = STATE_OTHER;
5540 int on_ac_power(void) {
5541 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5542 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5544 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5550 union dirent_storage buf;
5551 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5556 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
5563 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5566 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5568 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5574 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5576 if (errno == ENOENT)
5582 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5586 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5589 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5590 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5592 if (errno == ENOENT)
5598 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5602 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5605 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5606 found_online = true;
5608 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5609 found_offline = true;
5614 return found_online || !found_offline;
5617 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5624 if (!path_strv_canonicalize_uniq(search))
5627 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5628 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5631 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5641 if (errno != ENOENT)
5648 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5649 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5655 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5658 f = fopen(path, mode);
5667 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5671 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, copy, _f);
5674 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5675 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5677 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5680 f = fopen(path, mode);
5689 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5693 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, s, _f);
5696 int create_tmp_dir(char template[], char** dir_name) {
5698 char *d = NULL, *dt;
5702 RUN_WITH_UMASK(0077) {
5703 d = mkdtemp(template);
5706 log_error("Can't create directory %s: %m", template);
5710 dt = strjoin(d, "/tmp", NULL);
5716 RUN_WITH_UMASK(0000) {
5717 r = mkdir(dt, 0777);
5720 log_error("Can't create directory %s: %m", dt);
5724 log_debug("Created temporary directory %s", dt);
5726 r = chmod(dt, 0777 | S_ISVTX);
5728 log_error("Failed to chmod %s: %m", dt);
5732 log_debug("Set sticky bit on %s", dt);
5746 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5753 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5760 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5765 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5774 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5784 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5798 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5806 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5810 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5817 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need) {
5821 if (*allocated >= need)
5824 a = MAX(64u, need * 2);
5834 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
5840 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
5842 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5845 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5846 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5847 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5851 } else if (l == 36) {
5853 /* Formatted UUID */
5855 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5858 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
5862 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5863 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5864 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5875 void parse_user_at_host(char *arg, char **user, char **host) {
5880 *host = strchr(arg, '@');
5889 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
5904 a = strndup(s, x - s);
5908 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));