1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
57 #include <sys/mount.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
62 #include <sys/personality.h>
66 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
78 #include "path-util.h"
79 #include "exit-status.h"
83 #include "device-nodes.h"
90 char **saved_argv = NULL;
92 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
93 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
95 size_t page_size(void) {
96 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
99 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
102 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
109 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
111 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
122 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
129 pl = strlen(postfix);
132 return (char*) s + sl;
137 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
140 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
143 char* first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
150 /* Checks if the string starts with the specified word, either
151 * followed by NUL or by whitespace. Returns a pointer to the
152 * NUL or the first character after the whitespace. */
163 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
170 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *p))
173 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
177 static size_t cescape_char(char c, char *buf) {
178 char * buf_old = buf;
224 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
225 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
226 * g_strescape() does the same */
227 if ((c < ' ') || (c >= 127)) {
229 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 6);
230 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 3);
231 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c);
237 return buf - buf_old;
240 int close_nointr(int fd) {
247 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong thing to do on
250 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
251 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
252 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
253 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
261 int safe_close(int fd) {
264 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
265 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
266 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
268 * fd = safe_close(fd);
274 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
275 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
276 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
277 * the fd was invalid at all... */
279 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
285 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
288 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
290 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
294 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
305 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
308 if (streq(v, "1") || strcaseeq(v, "yes") || strcaseeq(v, "y") || strcaseeq(v, "true") || strcaseeq(v, "t") || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
310 else if (streq(v, "0") || strcaseeq(v, "no") || strcaseeq(v, "n") || strcaseeq(v, "false") || strcaseeq(v, "f") || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
316 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
317 unsigned long ul = 0;
324 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
330 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
340 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
341 unsigned long ul = 0;
348 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
354 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
357 /* Some libc APIs use UID_INVALID as special placeholder */
358 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
361 /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
362 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
369 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
377 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
379 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
380 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
382 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
385 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
389 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
397 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
399 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
400 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
402 if ((long) (int) l != l)
409 int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
417 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
419 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
420 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
422 if ((unsigned long) (uint8_t) l != l)
429 int safe_atou16(const char *s, uint16_t *ret) {
437 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
439 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
440 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
442 if ((unsigned long) (uint16_t) l != l)
449 int safe_atoi16(const char *s, int16_t *ret) {
457 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
459 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
460 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
462 if ((long) (int16_t) l != l)
469 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
471 unsigned long long l;
477 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
479 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
480 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
486 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
494 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
496 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
497 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
503 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
510 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
515 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
516 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
522 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
523 bool escaped = false;
526 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
529 else if (s[n] == '\\')
531 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
534 /* if s ends in \, return index of previous char */
538 /* Split a string into words. */
539 const char* split(const char **state, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted) {
545 assert(**state == '\0');
549 current += strspn(current, separator);
555 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
556 char quotechars[2] = {*current, '\0'};
558 *l = strcspn_escaped(current + 1, quotechars);
559 if (current[*l + 1] == '\0' ||
560 (current[*l + 2] && !strchr(separator, current[*l + 2]))) {
561 /* right quote missing or garbage at the end*/
565 assert(current[*l + 1] == quotechars[0]);
566 *state = current++ + *l + 2;
568 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
569 *state = current + *l;
571 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
572 *state = current + *l;
578 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
580 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
592 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
593 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
597 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
598 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
599 * skip over it manually */
601 p = strrchr(line, ')');
613 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
616 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
621 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
626 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
632 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
635 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
639 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
643 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
647 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
648 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
652 p = strrchr(line, ')');
658 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
661 return (unsigned char) state;
664 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
671 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
673 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
680 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
681 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
689 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
695 if (max_length == 0) {
696 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
698 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
700 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
705 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
715 r = new(char, max_length);
721 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
743 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
750 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
752 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
760 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
764 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
773 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
785 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
790 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
794 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
797 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
802 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
808 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
810 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
813 static int get_process_link_contents(const char *proc_file, char **name) {
819 r = readlink_malloc(proc_file, name);
821 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
826 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
833 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
834 r = get_process_link_contents(p, name);
838 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
845 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
846 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
856 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
861 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
866 if (startswith(l, field)) {
868 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
870 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
872 return parse_uid(l, uid);
879 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
880 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
883 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
884 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
885 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
888 int get_process_cwd(pid_t pid, char **cwd) {
893 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cwd");
895 return get_process_link_contents(p, cwd);
898 int get_process_root(pid_t pid, char **root) {
903 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
905 return get_process_link_contents(p, root);
908 int get_process_environ(pid_t pid, char **env) {
909 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
910 _cleanup_free_ char *outcome = NULL;
913 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
918 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
924 while ((c = fgetc(f)) != EOF) {
925 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(outcome, allocated, sz + 5))
929 outcome[sz++] = '\n';
931 sz += cescape_char(c, outcome + sz);
941 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
949 return strndup(suffix, b);
958 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
961 r = new(char, a+b+1);
966 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
972 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
973 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
976 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
991 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
998 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
1009 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
1010 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
1013 int readlink_value(const char *p, char **ret) {
1014 _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL;
1018 r = readlink_malloc(p, &link);
1022 value = basename(link);
1026 value = strdup(value);
1035 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
1036 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
1043 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
1047 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
1055 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
1062 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
1066 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1073 path_kill_slashes(*r);
1078 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1081 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1082 struct sigaction sa = {
1083 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
1084 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1087 /* These two cannot be caught... */
1088 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1091 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1092 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1093 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1094 if (errno != EINVAL && r == 0)
1101 int reset_signal_mask(void) {
1104 if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0)
1107 if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) < 0)
1113 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1116 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1117 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1119 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1121 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
1122 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
1130 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1133 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1135 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1136 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1147 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1154 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1155 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1158 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1159 return strdup(filename);
1161 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1162 return strdup(filename);
1164 k = strlen(filename);
1165 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1168 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1169 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1174 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1183 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1184 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1190 /* Skip last component */
1191 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1194 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1195 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1201 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1204 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1213 if (errno != ENOENT)
1220 char hexchar(int x) {
1221 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1223 return table[x & 15];
1226 int unhexchar(char c) {
1228 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1231 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1232 return c - 'a' + 10;
1234 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1235 return c - 'A' + 10;
1240 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1244 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1248 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1249 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1250 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1257 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1263 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1267 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1270 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1272 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1276 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1283 char octchar(int x) {
1284 return '0' + (x & 7);
1287 int unoctchar(char c) {
1289 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1295 char decchar(int x) {
1296 return '0' + (x % 10);
1299 int undecchar(char c) {
1301 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1307 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1313 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1315 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1319 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1320 t += cescape_char(*f, t);
1327 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1334 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1336 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1338 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1343 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1345 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1388 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1393 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1396 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1397 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1399 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0)) {
1400 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1404 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1419 /* octal encoding */
1422 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1423 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1424 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1426 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)) {
1427 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1431 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1439 /* premature end of string.*/
1444 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1456 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1457 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1460 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1463 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1466 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1470 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1471 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1474 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1478 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1480 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1481 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1484 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1485 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1495 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1500 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1501 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1502 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1507 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1511 filename[0] == '.' ||
1512 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1513 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1514 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1515 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1516 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1517 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1518 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1519 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1520 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-tmp") ||
1521 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1524 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1527 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1530 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1533 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1538 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1543 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1545 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1547 if (nflags == flags)
1550 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1556 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1561 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1566 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1568 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1570 if (nflags == flags)
1573 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1579 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1582 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1584 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1591 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1592 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
1596 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1598 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1603 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1604 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1607 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1608 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1610 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1613 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1614 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1621 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1624 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1627 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1628 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1637 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1640 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1641 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1642 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1650 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1653 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1654 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1661 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1662 static const char table[] =
1676 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1680 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1684 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1686 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1692 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1696 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1699 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1702 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1708 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1709 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1710 char c, line[LINE_MAX];
1715 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1716 new_termios = old_termios;
1718 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1719 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1720 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1722 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1725 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1726 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1727 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1732 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1734 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1740 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1747 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1748 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1753 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1754 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1758 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1768 int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1778 bool need_nl = true;
1781 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1788 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1792 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, USEC_INFINITY, &need_nl);
1795 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1796 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1807 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1812 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1816 int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) {
1821 char line[LINE_MAX];
1825 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1832 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1837 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin))
1838 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1840 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
1859 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1860 struct termios termios;
1863 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1867 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1868 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1869 * interfere with that. */
1871 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1872 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1874 /* Switch to text mode */
1876 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1878 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1879 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1881 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1886 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1887 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1888 * else will do that for us */
1890 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1891 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1892 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1893 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1894 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1896 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1897 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1898 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1899 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1900 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1901 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1902 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1903 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1904 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1905 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1906 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1907 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1908 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1910 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1911 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1913 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1917 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1918 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1923 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1924 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
1926 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1930 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1933 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1938 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1939 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1940 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1941 * retrying a couple of times.
1943 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1946 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1949 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1956 /* Max 1s in total */
1960 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1978 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1979 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1989 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1999 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
2005 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2014 int acquire_terminal(
2018 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
2021 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
2026 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2027 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2028 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2030 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2031 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2032 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2033 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2034 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2035 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2036 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2037 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2039 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
2040 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2042 if (!fail && !force) {
2043 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != USEC_INFINITY ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
2049 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
2057 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2058 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2059 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2063 r = flush_fd(notify);
2068 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2069 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2070 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2071 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2075 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2076 * if we already own the tty. */
2077 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2079 /* First, try to get the tty */
2080 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
2083 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2085 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2086 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2087 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2088 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2091 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2100 assert(notify >= 0);
2103 uint8_t buffer[INOTIFY_EVENT_MAX] _alignas_(struct inotify_event);
2104 struct inotify_event *e;
2107 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY) {
2110 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2111 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2116 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2126 l = read(notify, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
2128 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2135 FOREACH_INOTIFY_EVENT(e, buffer, l) {
2136 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2145 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2146 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2147 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2148 * an endless loop. */
2149 fd = safe_close(fd);
2154 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2156 log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to reset terminal: %m");
2167 int release_terminal(void) {
2168 static const struct sigaction sa_new = {
2169 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2170 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2173 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2174 struct sigaction sa_old;
2177 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2181 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2182 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2183 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2185 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2188 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2193 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2198 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2199 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2206 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2207 struct sigaction sa = {
2208 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2209 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2214 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2218 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2219 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2226 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2227 struct sigaction sa = {
2228 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2229 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2234 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2238 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2239 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2246 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2250 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2252 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2256 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2257 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2260 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2267 while (nbytes > 0) {
2270 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2271 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2274 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2276 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2277 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2280 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
2285 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2295 int loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2296 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2304 while (nbytes > 0) {
2307 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2308 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2311 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2313 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2314 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2317 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, USEC_INFINITY);
2322 /* We were not done yet, and a write error occured. */
2323 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
2333 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2335 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2336 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2337 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2338 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2339 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2340 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2341 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2343 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2344 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2345 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2346 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2351 unsigned long long factor;
2354 static const struct table iec[] = {
2355 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2356 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2357 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2358 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2359 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2365 static const struct table si[] = {
2366 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2367 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2368 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2369 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2370 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2376 const struct table *table;
2378 unsigned long long r = 0;
2379 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2382 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2387 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2390 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2396 unsigned long long l2;
2402 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2415 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2418 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2419 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2421 if (errno == ERANGE)
2424 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2431 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2433 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2434 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2435 unsigned long long tmp;
2436 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2438 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2439 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2443 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2446 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2462 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2467 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2468 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2469 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2474 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2477 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2482 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2485 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2489 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2492 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2494 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2495 * sysfs or in /dev */
2498 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2499 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2502 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2503 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2514 if (!de && errno != 0)
2520 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2525 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2526 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2543 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2544 static int have_syscall = -1;
2548 /* Gathers some randomness from the kernel. This call will
2549 * never block, and will always return some data from the
2550 * kernel, regardless if the random pool is fully initialized
2551 * or not. It thus makes no guarantee for the quality of the
2552 * returned entropy, but is good enough for or usual usecases
2553 * of seeding the hash functions for hashtable */
2555 /* Use the getrandom() syscall unless we know we don't have
2556 * it, or when the requested size is too large for it. */
2557 if (have_syscall != 0 || (size_t) (int) n != n) {
2558 r = getrandom(p, n, GRND_NONBLOCK);
2560 have_syscall = true;
2565 if (errno == ENOSYS)
2566 /* we lack the syscall, continue with
2567 * reading from /dev/urandom */
2568 have_syscall = false;
2569 else if (errno == EAGAIN)
2570 /* not enough entropy for now. Let's
2571 * remember to use the syscall the
2572 * next time, again, but also read
2573 * from /dev/urandom for now, which
2574 * doesn't care about the current
2575 * amount of entropy. */
2576 have_syscall = true;
2580 /* too short read? */
2584 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2586 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2588 k = loop_read(fd, p, n, true);
2593 if ((size_t) k != n)
2599 void initialize_srand(void) {
2600 static bool srand_called = false;
2602 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2611 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2612 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in auxv, so
2613 * let's try to make use of that to seed the pseudo-random
2614 * generator. It's better than nothing... */
2616 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2618 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2621 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2622 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2625 srand_called = true;
2628 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2632 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2636 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2637 * get a PRNG instead. */
2641 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2645 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2648 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2649 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2650 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2651 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2652 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2653 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2656 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2658 if (program_invocation_name)
2659 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2661 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2665 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2667 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2671 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2676 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2683 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2684 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2688 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2693 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2696 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2697 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2700 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2706 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2709 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2711 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2712 return strdup(u.nodename);
2714 return strdup(u.sysname);
2717 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2720 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2722 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2725 char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2728 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2729 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2731 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2733 return strdup("root");
2735 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2739 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2743 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2744 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2746 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2752 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2756 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2761 return lookup_uid(uid);
2764 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2771 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2774 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2775 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2780 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2786 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2794 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2798 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2802 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2804 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2811 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2813 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2815 unsigned long ttynr;
2819 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2820 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2824 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2834 "%*d " /* session */
2839 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2848 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2849 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2850 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2857 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2861 sprintf(fn, "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2863 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2869 /* This is an ugly hack */
2870 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2871 asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr));
2875 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2876 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2877 * vaguely useful. */
2883 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2885 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2903 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2904 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
2909 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2910 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2916 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2921 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2928 if (errno != 0 && ret == 0)
2933 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2936 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2938 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2939 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2940 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2945 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2948 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2949 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2951 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2952 keep_around = false;
2958 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2959 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2962 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2963 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2964 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2965 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2970 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2971 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2975 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2976 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2980 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2982 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2983 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2990 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2993 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2994 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2997 int is_fd_on_temporary_fs(int fd) {
3000 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0)
3003 return is_temporary_fs(&s);
3006 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
3011 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3016 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
3017 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
3019 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3020 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3025 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3028 static int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
3033 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
3037 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3038 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3041 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
3047 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
3048 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
3049 * seriously broken system. */
3050 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
3051 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
3055 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3058 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
3062 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
3065 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3066 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3071 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
3072 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3079 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3084 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3085 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3091 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
3094 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
3097 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
3106 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3107 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
3110 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3111 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
3114 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3117 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3118 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3119 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3121 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3122 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3125 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3126 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3132 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3135 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3136 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3137 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3139 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3140 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3143 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3144 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3150 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3154 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3157 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3160 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3161 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3171 if (errno != EINVAL)
3178 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3179 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3180 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3181 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3182 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
3184 static bool prev_ephemeral;
3188 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3189 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3191 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3194 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3207 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3213 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 50);
3221 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3222 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3225 if (!isempty(status)) {
3226 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3227 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3228 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3230 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3233 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3235 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3237 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3243 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3249 va_start(ap, format);
3250 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3256 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3263 const char *e, *word = format;
3268 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3279 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1);
3289 } else if (*e == '$') {
3290 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3307 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3309 k = strappend(r, t);
3323 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3335 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3337 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3339 l = strv_length(argv);
3341 ret = new(char*, l+1);
3345 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3347 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3348 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3353 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3357 r = strv_split_quoted(&m, e, true);
3369 w = realloc(ret, sizeof(char*) * (l+1));
3379 memcpy(ret + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3387 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3388 ret[k] = replace_env(*i, env);
3400 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3401 struct winsize ws = {};
3403 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3412 unsigned columns(void) {
3416 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3417 return cached_columns;
3420 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3422 (void) safe_atoi(e, &c);
3425 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3434 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3435 struct winsize ws = {};
3437 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3446 unsigned lines(void) {
3450 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3451 return cached_lines;
3454 e = getenv("LINES");
3456 (void) safe_atou(e, &l);
3459 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3465 return cached_lines;
3468 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3469 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3475 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3477 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3478 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3480 return cached_on_tty;
3483 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3486 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3489 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3492 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3493 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3496 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3499 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3506 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3511 assert(percent <= 100);
3512 assert(new_length >= 3);
3514 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3515 return strndup(s, old_length);
3517 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3521 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3523 if (x > new_length - 3)
3531 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3532 new_length - x - 3);
3537 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3541 unsigned k, len, len2;
3544 assert(percent <= 100);
3545 assert(new_length >= 3);
3547 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3548 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3549 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3551 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3552 return strndup(s, old_length);
3554 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3556 if (x > new_length - 3)
3560 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3563 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3566 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3569 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3572 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3575 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3576 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3579 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3583 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3585 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3587 /* make space for ellipsis */
3588 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3591 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3592 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3597 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3598 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3602 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3606 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3611 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3612 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3615 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
3616 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3622 mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
3624 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
3629 r = fchmod(fd, mode);
3634 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID) {
3635 r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
3640 if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
3641 struct timespec ts[2];
3643 timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
3645 r = futimens(fd, ts);
3647 r = futimens(fd, NULL);
3654 int touch(const char *path) {
3655 return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, UID_INVALID, GID_INVALID, 0);
3658 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3662 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3663 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3664 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3671 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3672 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3677 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3678 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
3682 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3692 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3697 name = strndupa(s, eq - s);
3698 p = strdupa(eq + 1);
3700 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3704 return strjoin(strstrip(name), "=", value, NULL);
3707 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3718 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3732 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
3733 * process, the process was terminated by a signal, or
3734 * failed for an unknown reason.
3735 * >=0 : The process terminated normally, and its exit code is
3738 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
3739 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
3741 * A warning is emitted if the process terminates abnormally,
3742 * and also if it returns non-zero unless check_exit_code is true.
3744 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid, bool check_exit_code) {
3751 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3753 return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to wait for %s: %m", name);
3755 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3756 if (status.si_status != 0)
3757 log_full(check_exit_code ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_DEBUG,
3758 "%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3760 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3762 return status.si_status;
3763 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3764 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3766 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3770 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3774 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3776 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3777 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3785 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3788 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3791 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3797 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3802 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3805 return null_or_empty(&st);
3808 int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
3813 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
3816 return null_or_empty(&st);
3819 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3823 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3825 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3838 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3842 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3844 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3845 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3850 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3851 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3854 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3858 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3859 t = new(char, enc_len);
3863 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3866 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3869 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3872 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3873 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3875 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3876 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3878 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3879 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3881 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3882 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3887 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3890 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3893 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3896 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3899 return streq(tty, "console");
3902 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3907 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3910 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3913 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3916 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3920 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3926 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3929 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3930 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3932 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3935 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3938 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3939 * /dev/console points to */
3940 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3946 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3949 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3950 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3952 tty = *active = tmp;
3959 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3960 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3964 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3967 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3968 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3973 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3976 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3979 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3982 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3985 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3988 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3989 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3990 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3996 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3999 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4000 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4001 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4004 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
4007 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
4010 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
4016 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
4017 * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. */
4019 executor_pid = fork();
4020 if (executor_pid < 0) {
4021 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
4024 } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
4025 _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
4026 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *_d = NULL;
4029 /* We fork this all off from a child process so that
4030 * we can somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set
4033 reset_all_signal_handlers();
4034 reset_signal_mask();
4036 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
4039 d = _d = opendir(directory);
4041 if (errno == ENOENT)
4042 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
4044 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
4045 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4049 pids = hashmap_new(NULL);
4052 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4055 FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
4056 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
4059 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4062 path = strjoin(directory, "/", de->d_name, NULL);
4065 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4070 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
4072 } else if (pid == 0) {
4075 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
4085 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
4086 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4089 log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
4091 r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
4094 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4100 /* Abort execution of this process after the
4101 * timout. We simply rely on SIGALRM as default action
4102 * terminating the process, and turn on alarm(). */
4104 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
4105 alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
4107 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
4108 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
4111 pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
4114 path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
4117 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid, true);
4120 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
4123 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(directory, executor_pid, true);
4126 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4129 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4137 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4143 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4144 if (streq(i, needle))
4150 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4151 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4154 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4163 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4165 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4166 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4167 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4173 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4180 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4187 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4197 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4203 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
4207 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4214 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
4215 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
4226 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4231 bool machine_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
4233 if (!hostname_is_valid(s))
4236 /* Machine names should be useful hostnames, but also be
4237 * useful in unit names, hence we enforce a stricter length
4246 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4247 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4249 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
4254 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4261 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4264 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4266 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4274 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == USEC_INFINITY ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
4281 return pollfd.revents;
4284 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4293 t = tempfn_xxxxxx(path);
4297 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4303 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4316 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4319 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4325 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4326 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
4328 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4332 return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4335 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4339 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4340 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4341 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4343 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4346 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4347 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4348 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4350 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4355 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4356 "\033[H" /* move home */
4357 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4364 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4367 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4374 /* Try to deallocate */
4375 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4379 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4388 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4390 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4395 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4396 "\033[H" /* move home */
4397 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4404 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4405 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4410 t = tempfn_random(to);
4414 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4417 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4425 int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
4426 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4430 t = tempfn_random(path);
4434 if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
4437 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4445 int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
4446 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4450 t = tempfn_random(path);
4454 if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
4457 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4465 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4469 display[0] == ':' &&
4470 display[1] >= '0' &&
4474 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4481 if (!display_is_local(display))
4484 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4486 f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
4490 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4491 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4500 const char **username,
4501 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4503 const char **shell) {
4511 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4512 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4514 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4532 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4536 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4537 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4538 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4539 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4540 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4542 *username = p->pw_name;
4545 p = getpwnam(*username);
4549 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4561 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4566 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4571 return strdup("root");
4575 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4577 if (asprintf(&r, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
4583 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4588 return strdup("root");
4592 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4594 if (asprintf(&r, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
4600 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4606 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4607 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4609 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4610 *groupname = "root";
4618 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4623 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4626 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4630 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4638 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4640 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4642 if (getgid() == gid)
4645 if (getegid() == gid)
4648 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4649 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4651 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4653 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4657 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4664 int in_group(const char *name) {
4668 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4675 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4676 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4682 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4684 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4686 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4689 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4691 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4694 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4695 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4700 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4702 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4704 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4706 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4707 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4709 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4710 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4718 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4724 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4727 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4731 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4732 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4733 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4734 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4735 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4736 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4737 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4743 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4744 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4745 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4746 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4750 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4751 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4763 if (!de && errno != 0)
4768 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4770 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4774 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4775 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4778 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4789 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4795 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4809 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4814 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4838 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4852 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4853 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4855 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4856 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4861 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4868 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4869 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4872 r = access(p, F_OK);
4880 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4881 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4884 r = access(p, F_OK);
4890 /* Get parent dev_t */
4891 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4894 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4900 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4906 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4907 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4910 r = access(p, F_OK);
4914 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4921 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4922 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4923 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4924 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4925 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4928 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4930 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4931 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4932 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4933 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4934 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4935 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4936 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4939 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4941 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4942 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4943 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4944 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4945 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4946 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4947 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4948 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4949 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4950 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4951 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4952 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4953 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4954 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4955 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4956 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4957 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4958 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4959 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4960 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4961 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4964 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4966 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4967 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4968 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4969 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4971 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4972 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4973 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4974 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4977 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4979 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4980 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4981 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4982 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4983 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4987 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4989 static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
4990 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4991 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4992 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4993 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4994 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4995 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4996 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4997 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4998 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4999 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
5000 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
5001 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
5002 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
5003 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
5004 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
5005 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
5008 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
5010 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
5011 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
5012 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
5013 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
5014 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
5017 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
5019 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
5036 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
5047 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
5049 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
5055 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
5057 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
5058 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
5061 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
5065 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
5066 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
5068 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
5073 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
5078 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
5082 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
5086 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
5087 signo = (int) u + offset;
5088 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
5094 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
5095 bool loaded = false;
5098 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
5106 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
5108 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5117 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5124 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5127 static const struct {
5131 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5132 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5133 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5134 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5135 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5139 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5141 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5144 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5145 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5152 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5160 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5173 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5175 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5177 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5178 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5181 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5184 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5185 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5191 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5193 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5195 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5196 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5199 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5202 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5203 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5208 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5209 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5210 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5211 sigset_t ss, saved_ss;
5219 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5222 parent_pid = getpid();
5224 /* First we temporarily block all signals, so that the new
5225 * child has them blocked initially. This way, we can be sure
5226 * that SIGTERMs are not lost we might send to the agent. */
5227 assert_se(sigfillset(&ss) >= 0);
5228 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, &saved_ss) >= 0);
5231 if (agent_pid < 0) {
5232 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5236 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5237 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5244 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5245 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5246 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5248 /* Make sure we actually can kill the agent, if we need to, in
5249 * case somebody invoked us from a shell script that trapped
5250 * SIGTERM or so... */
5251 reset_all_signal_handlers();
5252 reset_signal_mask();
5254 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5255 * to set the death signal and unblock the signals */
5256 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5257 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5259 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5260 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5262 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5263 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5265 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5268 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5269 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5270 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5271 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5272 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5273 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5274 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5275 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5277 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5278 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5282 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5285 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5291 /* Count arguments */
5293 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5298 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5300 /* Fill in arguments */
5302 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5303 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5307 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5310 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5311 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5315 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5321 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5322 * to get as close as we can */
5323 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5325 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5326 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5328 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5334 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5335 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5346 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5348 f = fopen(path, "re");
5356 char line[LINE_MAX];
5359 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5363 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5373 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5374 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5388 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5391 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5394 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5397 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5400 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5403 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5409 bool in_initrd(void) {
5410 static int saved = -1;
5416 /* We make two checks here:
5418 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5419 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5421 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5422 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5423 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5426 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5427 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5428 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5433 void warn_melody(void) {
5434 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5436 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5440 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5442 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5443 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5445 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5446 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5448 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5449 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5451 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5454 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5457 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5459 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, USEC_INFINITY);
5461 return log_error_errno(fd, "Failed to acquire terminal: %m");
5465 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %m");
5470 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5478 /* Take the user specified one */
5479 e = secure_getenv("HOME");
5480 if (e && path_is_absolute(e)) {
5489 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5492 h = strdup("/root");
5500 /* Check the database... */
5504 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5506 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5509 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5517 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5525 /* Take the user specified one */
5526 e = getenv("SHELL");
5536 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5539 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5547 /* Check the database... */
5551 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5553 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5556 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5564 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5578 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5584 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5590 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5591 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5594 if (strchr("\\\"\'\0x7f", *t))
5602 * Check if a string contains control characters. If 'ok' is non-NULL
5603 * it may be a string containing additional CCs to be considered OK.
5605 bool string_has_cc(const char *p, const char *ok) {
5610 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5611 if (ok && strchr(ok, *t))
5614 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5624 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5629 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5632 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5635 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5636 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5639 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5645 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5646 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5647 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5656 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5657 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5660 else if (comparison > 0)
5668 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5670 static int cached_answer = -1;
5672 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5675 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5676 cached_answer = true;
5680 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5682 cached_answer = true;
5686 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5687 cached_answer = true;
5691 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5692 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5693 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5695 cached_answer = true;
5699 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5703 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5704 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5708 return (bool) cached_answer;
5711 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5712 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5715 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5716 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5717 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5718 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5719 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243", /* ‣ */
5720 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217", /* ● */
5721 [DRAW_ARROW] = "\342\206\222", /* → */
5722 [DRAW_DASH] = "\342\200\223", /* – */
5725 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5726 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "| ",
5727 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5728 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5729 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5730 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = ">",
5731 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "*",
5732 [DRAW_ARROW] = "->",
5737 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5740 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5743 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5749 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5750 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5763 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5769 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5770 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5778 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5790 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5791 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5796 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5798 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5804 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5806 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5808 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5812 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5817 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5819 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5820 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5821 else if (*i == '\t')
5828 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5831 } else if (*i == '[') {
5832 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5837 state = STATE_OTHER;
5844 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5845 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5848 state = STATE_OTHER;
5850 } else if (*i == 'm')
5851 state = STATE_OTHER;
5873 int on_ac_power(void) {
5874 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5875 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5877 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5883 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5889 if (!de && errno != 0)
5895 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5898 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5900 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5906 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5908 if (errno == ENOENT)
5914 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5918 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5922 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5924 if (errno == ENOENT)
5930 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5934 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5937 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5938 found_online = true;
5940 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5941 found_offline = true;
5946 return found_online || !found_offline;
5949 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5956 if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
5959 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5960 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5964 p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path, NULL);
5966 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5976 if (errno != ENOENT)
5983 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5984 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5990 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5993 f = fopen(path, mode);
6002 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
6006 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
6009 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
6010 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
6012 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
6015 f = fopen(path, mode);
6024 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
6028 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
6031 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
6038 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
6045 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6050 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
6059 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
6069 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6083 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
6091 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
6095 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
6102 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6109 if (*allocated >= need)
6112 newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
6113 a = newalloc * size;
6115 /* check for overflows */
6116 if (a < size * need)
6124 *allocated = newalloc;
6128 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6137 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
6141 if (*allocated > prev)
6142 memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
6147 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
6153 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
6155 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6158 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6159 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6160 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6164 } else if (l == 36) {
6166 /* Formatted UUID */
6168 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6171 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
6175 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6176 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6177 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6188 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
6203 a = strndup(s, x - s);
6207 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
6219 int shall_restore_state(void) {
6220 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
6223 r = get_proc_cmdline_key("systemd.restore_state=", &value);
6229 return parse_boolean(value) != 0;
6232 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
6235 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0)
6236 return get_process_cmdline(1, 0, false, ret);
6238 return read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
6241 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
6242 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6248 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6254 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6257 r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, true);
6263 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6265 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6268 value = strchr(word, '=');
6272 r = parse_item(word, value);
6280 int get_proc_cmdline_key(const char *key, char **value) {
6281 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL, *ret = NULL;
6288 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6294 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6297 r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, true);
6303 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6305 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6309 e = startswith(word, key);
6313 r = free_and_strdup(&ret, e);
6319 if (streq(word, key))
6333 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6334 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6342 p = strappenda("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6343 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6351 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6354 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6364 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6365 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, netnsfd = -1;
6373 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6374 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6382 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6383 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6391 netns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/net");
6392 netnsfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6400 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6401 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6407 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6410 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6413 *netns_fd = netnsfd;
6418 pidnsfd = mntnsfd = netnsfd = -1;
6423 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd) {
6426 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6430 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6434 if (setns(netns_fd, CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
6438 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6441 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6445 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6448 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
6451 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6457 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6458 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6463 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6466 return errno != ESRCH;
6469 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6472 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6477 r = get_process_state(pid);
6478 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6484 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6485 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6492 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6496 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6499 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6500 * to namespacing issues */
6503 if (u.uid == UID_INVALID)
6505 if (u.gid == GID_INVALID)
6512 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6524 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6528 if (errno != ERANGE)
6535 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6551 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6552 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6553 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6560 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6567 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6574 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6575 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6580 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6581 p = strappenda(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6583 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6591 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6594 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6597 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6598 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6600 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6601 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6603 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6604 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6609 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
6611 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6612 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6613 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6614 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6615 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6616 * used by libseccomp. */
6618 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6620 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6623 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6626 #elif defined(__i386__)
6628 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6632 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6633 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6634 * as error indicator. */
6635 return 0xffffffffUL;
6638 const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
6640 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6642 if (p == PER_LINUX32)
6648 #elif defined(__i386__)
6657 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
6660 /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
6661 * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
6663 mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
6666 return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
6669 char* mount_test_option(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
6671 struct mntent me = {
6672 .mnt_opts = (char*) haystack
6677 /* Like glibc's hasmntopt(), but works on a string, not a
6683 return hasmntopt(&me, needle);
6686 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
6687 const uint8_t *b = p;
6690 assert(s == 0 || b);
6695 fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
6697 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6702 fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
6710 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6715 fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
6729 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
6734 r = write_string_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, param);
6736 log_error("Failed to write reboot param to "
6737 REBOOT_PARAM_FILE": %s", strerror(-r));
6739 unlink(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE);
6744 int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
6748 /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
6749 * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
6750 * unmounting them until they are gone. */
6753 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6758 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6759 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6763 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
6766 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6767 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6768 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6769 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6770 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6771 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6772 "%*s" /* (6) mount options */
6773 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6774 "- " /* (8) separator */
6775 "%*s " /* (9) file system type */
6776 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6777 "%*s" /* (11) mount options 2 */
6778 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6787 p = cunescape(path);
6791 if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
6794 if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
6810 int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
6811 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
6812 _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
6815 /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
6816 * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
6817 * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
6818 * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
6819 * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
6820 * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
6821 * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
6822 * the same mount point we only care for each individual
6823 * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
6824 * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
6825 * have any effect on future submounts that might get
6826 * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
6827 * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
6829 cleaned = strdup(prefix);
6833 path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
6835 done = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6840 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6841 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
6842 bool top_autofs = false;
6845 todo = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6849 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6850 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6854 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
6857 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6858 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6859 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6860 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6861 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6862 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6863 "%*s" /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
6864 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6865 "- " /* (8) separator */
6866 "%ms " /* (9) file system type */
6867 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6868 "%*s" /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
6869 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6879 p = cunescape(path);
6883 /* Let's ignore autofs mounts. If they aren't
6884 * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
6885 * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
6886 * future submounts anyway. If they are
6887 * already triggered, then we will find
6888 * another entry for this. */
6889 if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
6890 top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
6894 if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
6895 !set_contains(done, p)) {
6897 r = set_consume(todo, p);
6907 /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
6908 * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
6910 if (set_isempty(todo) &&
6911 (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
6914 if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
6915 !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
6916 /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
6917 * mount, make it one. */
6918 if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
6921 if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
6924 x = strdup(cleaned);
6928 r = set_consume(done, x);
6933 while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
6935 r = set_consume(done, x);
6941 if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
6943 /* Deal with mount points that are
6944 * obstructed by a later mount */
6946 if (errno != ENOENT)
6954 int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
6961 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
6966 char *tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p) {
6973 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 6 + 1);
6980 strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn), "XXXXXX");
6985 char *tempfn_random(const char *p) {
6994 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 16 + 1);
7001 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn);
7004 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
7005 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
7014 /* make sure the hostname is not "localhost" */
7015 bool is_localhost(const char *hostname) {
7018 /* This tries to identify local host and domain names
7019 * described in RFC6761 plus the redhatism of .localdomain */
7021 return streq(hostname, "localhost") ||
7022 streq(hostname, "localhost.") ||
7023 streq(hostname, "localdomain.") ||
7024 streq(hostname, "localdomain") ||
7025 endswith(hostname, ".localhost") ||
7026 endswith(hostname, ".localhost.") ||
7027 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain") ||
7028 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain.");
7031 int take_password_lock(const char *root) {
7033 struct flock flock = {
7035 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
7043 /* This is roughly the same as lckpwdf(), but not as awful. We
7044 * don't want to use alarm() and signals, hence we implement
7045 * our own trivial version of this.
7047 * Note that shadow-utils also takes per-database locks in
7048 * addition to lckpwdf(). However, we don't given that they
7049 * are redundant as they they invoke lckpwdf() first and keep
7050 * it during everything they do. The per-database locks are
7051 * awfully racy, and thus we just won't do them. */
7054 path = strappenda(root, "/etc/.pwd.lock");
7056 path = "/etc/.pwd.lock";
7058 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600);
7062 r = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &flock);
7071 int is_symlink(const char *path) {
7074 if (lstat(path, &info) < 0)
7077 return !!S_ISLNK(info.st_mode);
7080 int is_dir(const char* path, bool follow) {
7085 r = stat(path, &st);
7087 r = lstat(path, &st);
7091 return !!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
7094 int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret, bool relax) {
7095 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
7096 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
7103 SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7105 DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7113 /* Parses the first word of a string, and returns it in
7114 * *ret. Removes all quotes in the process. When parsing fails
7115 * (because of an uneven number of quotes or similar), leaves
7116 * the pointer *p at the first invalid character. */
7126 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7136 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7138 state = VALUE_ESCAPE;
7140 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7141 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7144 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7159 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7172 } else if (c == '\'')
7175 state = SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7177 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7185 case SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7192 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7196 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7205 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7207 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7215 case DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7222 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7226 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7232 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7254 int unquote_many_words(const char **p, ...) {
7259 /* Parses a number of words from a string, stripping any
7260 * quotes if necessary. */
7264 /* Count how many words are expected */
7267 if (!va_arg(ap, char **))
7276 /* Read all words into a temporary array */
7277 l = newa0(char*, n);
7278 for (c = 0; c < n; c++) {
7280 r = unquote_first_word(p, &l[c], false);
7284 for (j = 0; j < c; j++)
7294 /* If we managed to parse all words, return them in the passed
7297 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
7300 v = va_arg(ap, char **);
7310 int free_and_strdup(char **p, const char *s) {
7315 /* Replaces a string pointer with an strdup()ed new string,
7316 * possibly freeing the old one. */
7331 int sethostname_idempotent(const char *s) {
7333 char buf[HOST_NAME_MAX + 1] = {};
7337 r = gethostname(buf, sizeof(buf));
7344 r = sethostname(s, strlen(s));