1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
57 #include <sys/mount.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
62 #include <sys/personality.h>
66 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
78 #include "path-util.h"
79 #include "exit-status.h"
83 #include "device-nodes.h"
90 char **saved_argv = NULL;
92 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
93 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
95 size_t page_size(void) {
96 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
99 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
102 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
109 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
111 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
122 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
129 pl = strlen(postfix);
132 return (char*) s + sl;
137 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
140 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
143 char* first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
150 /* Checks if the string starts with the specified word, either
151 * followed by NUL or by whitespace. Returns a pointer to the
152 * NUL or the first character after the whitespace. */
163 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
170 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *p))
173 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
177 static size_t cescape_char(char c, char *buf) {
178 char * buf_old = buf;
224 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
225 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
226 * g_strescape() does the same */
227 if ((c < ' ') || (c >= 127)) {
229 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 6);
230 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 3);
231 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c);
237 return buf - buf_old;
240 int close_nointr(int fd) {
247 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong thing to do on
250 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
251 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
252 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
253 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
261 int safe_close(int fd) {
264 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
265 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
266 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
268 * fd = safe_close(fd);
274 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
275 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
276 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
277 * the fd was invalid at all... */
279 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
285 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
288 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
290 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
294 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
305 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
308 if (streq(v, "1") || strcaseeq(v, "yes") || strcaseeq(v, "y") || strcaseeq(v, "true") || strcaseeq(v, "t") || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
310 else if (streq(v, "0") || strcaseeq(v, "no") || strcaseeq(v, "n") || strcaseeq(v, "false") || strcaseeq(v, "f") || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
316 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
317 unsigned long ul = 0;
324 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
330 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
340 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
341 unsigned long ul = 0;
348 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
354 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
357 /* Some libc APIs use UID_INVALID as special placeholder */
358 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
361 /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
362 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
369 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
377 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
379 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
380 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
382 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
385 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
389 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
397 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
399 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
400 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
402 if ((long) (int) l != l)
409 int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
417 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
419 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
420 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
422 if ((unsigned long) (uint8_t) l != l)
429 int safe_atou16(const char *s, uint16_t *ret) {
437 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
439 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
440 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
442 if ((unsigned long) (uint16_t) l != l)
449 int safe_atoi16(const char *s, int16_t *ret) {
457 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
459 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
460 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
462 if ((long) (int16_t) l != l)
469 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
471 unsigned long long l;
477 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
479 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
480 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
486 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
494 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
496 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
497 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
503 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
510 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
515 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
516 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
522 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
523 bool escaped = false;
526 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
529 else if (s[n] == '\\')
531 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
534 /* if s ends in \, return index of previous char */
538 /* Split a string into words. */
539 const char* split(const char **state, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted) {
545 assert(**state == '\0');
549 current += strspn(current, separator);
555 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
556 char quotechars[2] = {*current, '\0'};
558 *l = strcspn_escaped(current + 1, quotechars);
559 if (current[*l + 1] == '\0' ||
560 (current[*l + 2] && !strchr(separator, current[*l + 2]))) {
561 /* right quote missing or garbage at the end */
565 assert(current[*l + 1] == quotechars[0]);
566 *state = current++ + *l + 2;
568 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
569 *state = current + *l;
571 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
572 *state = current + *l;
578 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
580 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
592 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
593 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
597 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
598 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
599 * skip over it manually */
601 p = strrchr(line, ')');
613 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
616 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
621 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
626 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
632 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
635 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
639 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
643 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
647 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
648 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
652 p = strrchr(line, ')');
658 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
661 return (unsigned char) state;
664 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
671 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
673 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
680 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
681 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
689 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
695 if (max_length == 0) {
696 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
698 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
700 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
705 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
715 r = new(char, max_length);
721 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
743 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
750 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
752 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
760 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
764 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
773 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
785 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
790 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
794 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
797 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
802 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
808 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
810 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
813 static int get_process_link_contents(const char *proc_file, char **name) {
819 r = readlink_malloc(proc_file, name);
821 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
826 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
833 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
834 r = get_process_link_contents(p, name);
838 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
845 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
846 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
856 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
861 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
866 if (startswith(l, field)) {
868 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
870 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
872 return parse_uid(l, uid);
879 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
880 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
883 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
884 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
885 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
888 int get_process_cwd(pid_t pid, char **cwd) {
893 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cwd");
895 return get_process_link_contents(p, cwd);
898 int get_process_root(pid_t pid, char **root) {
903 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
905 return get_process_link_contents(p, root);
908 int get_process_environ(pid_t pid, char **env) {
909 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
910 _cleanup_free_ char *outcome = NULL;
913 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
918 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
924 while ((c = fgetc(f)) != EOF) {
925 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(outcome, allocated, sz + 5))
929 outcome[sz++] = '\n';
931 sz += cescape_char(c, outcome + sz);
941 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
949 return strndup(suffix, b);
958 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
961 r = new(char, a+b+1);
966 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
972 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
973 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
976 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
991 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
998 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
1009 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
1010 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
1013 int readlink_value(const char *p, char **ret) {
1014 _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL;
1018 r = readlink_malloc(p, &link);
1022 value = basename(link);
1026 value = strdup(value);
1035 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
1036 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
1043 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
1047 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
1055 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
1062 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
1066 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1073 path_kill_slashes(*r);
1078 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1081 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1082 struct sigaction sa = {
1083 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
1084 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1087 /* These two cannot be caught... */
1088 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1091 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1092 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1093 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1094 if (errno != EINVAL && r == 0)
1101 int reset_signal_mask(void) {
1104 if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0)
1107 if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) < 0)
1113 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1116 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1117 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1119 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1121 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
1122 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
1130 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1133 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1135 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1136 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1147 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1154 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1155 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1158 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1159 return strdup(filename);
1161 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1162 return strdup(filename);
1164 k = strlen(filename);
1165 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1168 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1169 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1174 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1183 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1184 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1190 /* Skip last component */
1191 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1194 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1195 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1201 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1204 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1213 if (errno != ENOENT)
1220 char hexchar(int x) {
1221 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1223 return table[x & 15];
1226 int unhexchar(char c) {
1228 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1231 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1232 return c - 'a' + 10;
1234 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1235 return c - 'A' + 10;
1240 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1244 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1248 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1249 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1250 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1257 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1263 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1267 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1270 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1272 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1276 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1283 char octchar(int x) {
1284 return '0' + (x & 7);
1287 int unoctchar(char c) {
1289 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1295 char decchar(int x) {
1296 return '0' + (x % 10);
1299 int undecchar(char c) {
1301 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1307 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1313 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1315 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1319 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1320 t += cescape_char(*f, t);
1327 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1334 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1336 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1338 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1343 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1345 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1388 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1393 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1396 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1397 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1399 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0)) {
1400 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1404 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1419 /* octal encoding */
1422 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1423 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1424 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1426 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)) {
1427 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1431 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1439 /* premature end of string. */
1444 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1456 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1457 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1460 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1463 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1466 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1470 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1471 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1474 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1478 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1480 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1481 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1484 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1485 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1495 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1500 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1501 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1502 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1507 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1511 filename[0] == '.' ||
1512 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1513 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1514 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1515 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1516 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1517 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1518 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1519 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1520 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-tmp") ||
1521 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1524 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1527 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1530 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1533 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1538 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1543 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1545 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1547 if (nflags == flags)
1550 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1556 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1561 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1566 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1568 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1570 if (nflags == flags)
1573 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1579 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1582 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1584 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1591 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1592 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
1596 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1598 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1603 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1604 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1607 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1608 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1610 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1613 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1614 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1621 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1624 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1627 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1628 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1637 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1640 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1641 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1642 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1650 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1653 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1654 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1661 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1662 static const char table[] =
1676 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1680 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1684 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1686 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1692 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1696 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1699 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1702 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1708 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1709 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1710 char c, line[LINE_MAX];
1715 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1716 new_termios = old_termios;
1718 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1719 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1720 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1722 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1725 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1726 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1727 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1732 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1734 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1740 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1747 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1748 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1753 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1754 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1758 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1768 int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1778 bool need_nl = true;
1781 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1788 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1792 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, USEC_INFINITY, &need_nl);
1795 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1796 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1807 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1812 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1816 int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) {
1821 char line[LINE_MAX];
1825 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1832 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1837 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin))
1838 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1840 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
1859 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1860 struct termios termios;
1863 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1867 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1868 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1869 * interfere with that. */
1871 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1872 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1874 /* Switch to text mode */
1876 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1878 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1879 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1881 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1886 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1887 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1888 * else will do that for us */
1890 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1891 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1892 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1893 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1894 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1896 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1897 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1898 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1899 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1900 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1901 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1902 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1903 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1904 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1905 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1906 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1907 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1908 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1910 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1911 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1913 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1917 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1918 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1923 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1924 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
1926 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1930 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1933 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1938 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1939 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1940 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1941 * retrying a couple of times.
1943 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1946 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1949 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1956 /* Max 1s in total */
1960 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1978 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1979 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1989 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1999 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
2005 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2014 int acquire_terminal(
2018 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
2021 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
2026 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2027 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2028 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2030 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2031 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2032 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2033 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2034 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2035 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2036 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2037 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2039 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
2040 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2042 if (!fail && !force) {
2043 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != USEC_INFINITY ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
2049 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
2057 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2058 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2059 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2063 r = flush_fd(notify);
2068 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2069 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2070 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2071 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2075 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2076 * if we already own the tty. */
2077 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2079 /* First, try to get the tty */
2080 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
2083 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2085 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2086 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2087 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2088 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2091 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2100 assert(notify >= 0);
2103 uint8_t buffer[INOTIFY_EVENT_MAX] _alignas_(struct inotify_event);
2104 struct inotify_event *e;
2107 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY) {
2110 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2111 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2116 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2126 l = read(notify, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
2128 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2135 FOREACH_INOTIFY_EVENT(e, buffer, l) {
2136 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2145 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2146 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2147 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2148 * an endless loop. */
2149 fd = safe_close(fd);
2154 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2156 log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to reset terminal: %m");
2167 int release_terminal(void) {
2168 static const struct sigaction sa_new = {
2169 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2170 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2173 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2174 struct sigaction sa_old;
2177 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2181 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2182 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2183 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2185 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2188 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2193 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2198 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2199 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2206 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2207 struct sigaction sa = {
2208 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2209 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2214 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2218 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2219 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2226 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2227 struct sigaction sa = {
2228 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2229 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2234 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2238 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2239 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2246 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2250 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2252 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2256 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2257 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2260 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2267 while (nbytes > 0) {
2270 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2275 if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2277 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2278 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2281 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
2285 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2299 int loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2300 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2307 while (nbytes > 0) {
2310 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2315 if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2316 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2317 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2320 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, USEC_INFINITY);
2327 if (k == 0) /* Can't really happen */
2337 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2339 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2340 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2341 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2342 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2343 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2344 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2345 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2347 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2348 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2349 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2350 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2355 unsigned long long factor;
2358 static const struct table iec[] = {
2359 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2360 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2361 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2362 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2363 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2369 static const struct table si[] = {
2370 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2371 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2372 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2373 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2374 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2380 const struct table *table;
2382 unsigned long long r = 0;
2383 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2386 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2391 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2394 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2400 unsigned long long l2;
2406 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2419 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2422 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2423 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2425 if (errno == ERANGE)
2428 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2435 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2437 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2438 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2439 unsigned long long tmp;
2440 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2442 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2443 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2447 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2450 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2466 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2471 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2472 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2473 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2478 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2481 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2486 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2489 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2493 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2496 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2498 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2499 * sysfs or in /dev */
2502 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2503 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2506 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2507 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2518 if (!de && errno != 0)
2524 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2529 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2530 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2547 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2548 static int have_syscall = -1;
2552 /* Gathers some randomness from the kernel. This call will
2553 * never block, and will always return some data from the
2554 * kernel, regardless if the random pool is fully initialized
2555 * or not. It thus makes no guarantee for the quality of the
2556 * returned entropy, but is good enough for or usual usecases
2557 * of seeding the hash functions for hashtable */
2559 /* Use the getrandom() syscall unless we know we don't have
2560 * it, or when the requested size is too large for it. */
2561 if (have_syscall != 0 || (size_t) (int) n != n) {
2562 r = getrandom(p, n, GRND_NONBLOCK);
2564 have_syscall = true;
2569 if (errno == ENOSYS)
2570 /* we lack the syscall, continue with
2571 * reading from /dev/urandom */
2572 have_syscall = false;
2573 else if (errno == EAGAIN)
2574 /* not enough entropy for now. Let's
2575 * remember to use the syscall the
2576 * next time, again, but also read
2577 * from /dev/urandom for now, which
2578 * doesn't care about the current
2579 * amount of entropy. */
2580 have_syscall = true;
2584 /* too short read? */
2588 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2590 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2592 k = loop_read(fd, p, n, true);
2597 if ((size_t) k != n)
2603 void initialize_srand(void) {
2604 static bool srand_called = false;
2606 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2615 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2616 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in auxv, so
2617 * let's try to make use of that to seed the pseudo-random
2618 * generator. It's better than nothing... */
2620 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2622 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2625 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2626 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2629 srand_called = true;
2632 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2636 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2640 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2641 * get a PRNG instead. */
2645 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2649 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2652 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2653 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2654 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2655 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2656 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2657 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2660 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2662 if (program_invocation_name)
2663 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2665 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2669 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2671 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2675 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2680 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2687 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2688 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2692 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2697 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2700 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2701 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2704 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2710 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2713 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2715 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2716 return strdup(u.nodename);
2718 return strdup(u.sysname);
2721 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2724 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2726 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2729 char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2732 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2733 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2735 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2737 return strdup("root");
2739 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2743 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2747 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2748 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2750 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2756 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2760 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2765 return lookup_uid(uid);
2768 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2775 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2778 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2779 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2784 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2790 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2798 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2802 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2806 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2808 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2815 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2817 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2819 unsigned long ttynr;
2823 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2824 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2828 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2838 "%*d " /* session */
2843 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2852 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2853 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2854 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2861 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2865 sprintf(fn, "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2867 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2873 /* This is an ugly hack */
2874 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2875 asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr));
2879 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2880 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2881 * vaguely useful. */
2887 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2889 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2907 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2908 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
2913 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2914 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2920 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2925 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2932 if (errno != 0 && ret == 0)
2937 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2940 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2942 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2943 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2944 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2949 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2952 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2953 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2955 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2956 keep_around = false;
2962 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2963 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2966 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2967 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2968 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2969 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2974 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2975 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2979 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2980 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2984 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2986 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2987 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2994 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2997 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2998 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
3001 int is_fd_on_temporary_fs(int fd) {
3004 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0)
3007 return is_temporary_fs(&s);
3010 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
3015 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3020 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
3021 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
3023 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3024 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3029 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3032 static int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
3037 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
3041 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3042 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3045 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
3051 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
3052 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
3053 * seriously broken system. */
3054 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
3055 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
3059 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3062 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
3066 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
3069 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3070 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3075 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
3076 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3083 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3088 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3089 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3095 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
3098 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
3101 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
3110 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3111 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
3114 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3115 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
3118 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3121 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3122 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3123 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3125 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3126 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3129 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3130 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3136 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3139 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3140 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3141 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3143 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3144 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3147 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3148 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3154 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3158 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3161 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3164 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3165 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3175 if (errno != EINVAL)
3182 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3183 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3184 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3185 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3186 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
3188 static bool prev_ephemeral;
3192 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3193 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3195 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3198 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3211 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3217 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 50);
3225 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3226 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3229 if (!isempty(status)) {
3230 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3231 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3232 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3234 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3237 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3239 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3241 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3247 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3253 va_start(ap, format);
3254 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3260 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3267 const char *e, *word = format;
3272 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3283 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1);
3293 } else if (*e == '$') {
3294 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3311 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3313 k = strappend(r, t);
3327 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3339 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3341 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3343 l = strv_length(argv);
3345 ret = new(char*, l+1);
3349 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3351 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3352 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3357 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3361 r = strv_split_quoted(&m, e, true);
3373 w = realloc(ret, sizeof(char*) * (l+1));
3383 memcpy(ret + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3391 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3392 ret[k] = replace_env(*i, env);
3404 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3405 struct winsize ws = {};
3407 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3416 unsigned columns(void) {
3420 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3421 return cached_columns;
3424 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3426 (void) safe_atoi(e, &c);
3429 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3438 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3439 struct winsize ws = {};
3441 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3450 unsigned lines(void) {
3454 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3455 return cached_lines;
3458 e = getenv("LINES");
3460 (void) safe_atou(e, &l);
3463 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3469 return cached_lines;
3472 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3473 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3479 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3481 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3482 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3484 return cached_on_tty;
3487 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3490 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3493 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3496 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3497 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3500 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3503 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3510 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3515 assert(percent <= 100);
3516 assert(new_length >= 3);
3518 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3519 return strndup(s, old_length);
3521 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3525 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3527 if (x > new_length - 3)
3535 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3536 new_length - x - 3);
3541 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3545 unsigned k, len, len2;
3548 assert(percent <= 100);
3549 assert(new_length >= 3);
3551 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3552 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3553 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3555 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3556 return strndup(s, old_length);
3558 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3560 if (x > new_length - 3)
3564 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3567 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3570 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3573 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3576 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3579 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3580 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3583 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3587 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3589 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3591 /* make space for ellipsis */
3592 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3595 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3596 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3601 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3602 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3606 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3610 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3615 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3616 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3619 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
3620 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3626 mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
3628 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
3633 r = fchmod(fd, mode);
3638 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID) {
3639 r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
3644 if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
3645 struct timespec ts[2];
3647 timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
3649 r = futimens(fd, ts);
3651 r = futimens(fd, NULL);
3658 int touch(const char *path) {
3659 return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, UID_INVALID, GID_INVALID, 0);
3662 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3666 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3667 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3668 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3675 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3676 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3681 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3682 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
3686 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3696 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3701 name = strndupa(s, eq - s);
3702 p = strdupa(eq + 1);
3704 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3708 return strjoin(strstrip(name), "=", value, NULL);
3711 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3722 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3736 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
3737 * process, the process was terminated by a signal, or
3738 * failed for an unknown reason.
3739 * >=0 : The process terminated normally, and its exit code is
3742 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
3743 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
3745 * A warning is emitted if the process terminates abnormally,
3746 * and also if it returns non-zero unless check_exit_code is true.
3748 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid, bool check_exit_code) {
3755 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3757 return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to wait for %s: %m", name);
3759 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3760 if (status.si_status != 0)
3761 log_full(check_exit_code ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_DEBUG,
3762 "%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3764 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3766 return status.si_status;
3767 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3768 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3770 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3774 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3778 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3780 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3781 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3789 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3792 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3795 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3801 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3806 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3809 return null_or_empty(&st);
3812 int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
3817 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
3820 return null_or_empty(&st);
3823 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3827 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3829 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3842 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3846 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3848 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3849 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3854 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3855 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3858 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3862 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3863 t = new(char, enc_len);
3867 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3870 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3873 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3876 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3877 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3879 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3880 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3882 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3883 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3885 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3886 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3891 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3894 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3897 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3900 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3903 return streq(tty, "console");
3906 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3911 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3914 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3917 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3920 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3924 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3930 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3933 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3934 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3936 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3939 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3942 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3943 * /dev/console points to */
3944 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3950 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3953 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3954 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3956 tty = *active = tmp;
3963 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3964 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3968 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3971 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3972 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3977 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3980 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3983 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3986 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3989 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3992 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3993 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3994 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4000 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
4003 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4004 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4005 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4008 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
4011 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
4014 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
4020 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
4021 * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. */
4023 executor_pid = fork();
4024 if (executor_pid < 0) {
4025 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
4028 } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
4029 _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
4030 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *_d = NULL;
4033 /* We fork this all off from a child process so that
4034 * we can somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set
4037 reset_all_signal_handlers();
4038 reset_signal_mask();
4040 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
4043 d = _d = opendir(directory);
4045 if (errno == ENOENT)
4046 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
4048 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
4049 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4053 pids = hashmap_new(NULL);
4056 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4059 FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
4060 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
4063 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4066 path = strjoin(directory, "/", de->d_name, NULL);
4069 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4074 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
4076 } else if (pid == 0) {
4079 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
4089 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
4090 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4093 log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
4095 r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
4098 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4104 /* Abort execution of this process after the
4105 * timout. We simply rely on SIGALRM as default action
4106 * terminating the process, and turn on alarm(). */
4108 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
4109 alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
4111 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
4112 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
4115 pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
4118 path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
4121 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid, true);
4124 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
4127 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(directory, executor_pid, true);
4130 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4133 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4141 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4147 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4148 if (streq(i, needle))
4154 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4155 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4158 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4167 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4169 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4170 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4171 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4177 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4184 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4191 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4201 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4207 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
4211 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4218 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
4219 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
4230 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4235 bool machine_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
4237 if (!hostname_is_valid(s))
4240 /* Machine names should be useful hostnames, but also be
4241 * useful in unit names, hence we enforce a stricter length
4250 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4251 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4253 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
4258 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4265 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4268 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4270 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4278 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == USEC_INFINITY ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
4285 return pollfd.revents;
4288 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4297 r = tempfn_xxxxxx(path, &t);
4301 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4307 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4320 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4323 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4329 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4330 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
4332 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4336 return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4339 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4343 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4344 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4345 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4347 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4350 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4351 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4352 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4354 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4359 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4360 "\033[H" /* move home */
4361 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4368 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4371 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4378 /* Try to deallocate */
4379 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4383 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4392 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4394 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4399 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4400 "\033[H" /* move home */
4401 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4408 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4409 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4415 r = tempfn_random(to, &t);
4419 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4422 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4430 int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
4431 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4436 r = tempfn_random(path, &t);
4440 if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
4443 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4451 int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
4452 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4457 r = tempfn_random(path, &t);
4461 if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
4464 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4472 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4476 display[0] == ':' &&
4477 display[1] >= '0' &&
4481 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4488 if (!display_is_local(display))
4491 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4493 f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
4497 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4498 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4507 const char **username,
4508 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4510 const char **shell) {
4518 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4519 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4521 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4539 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4543 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4544 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4545 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4546 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4547 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4549 *username = p->pw_name;
4552 p = getpwnam(*username);
4556 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4568 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4573 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4578 return strdup("root");
4582 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4584 if (asprintf(&r, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
4590 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4595 return strdup("root");
4599 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4601 if (asprintf(&r, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
4607 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4613 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4614 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4616 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4617 *groupname = "root";
4625 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4630 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4633 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4637 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4645 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4647 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4649 if (getgid() == gid)
4652 if (getegid() == gid)
4655 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4656 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4658 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4660 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4664 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4671 int in_group(const char *name) {
4675 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4682 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4683 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4689 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4691 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4693 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4696 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4698 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4701 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4702 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4707 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4709 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4711 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4713 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4714 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4716 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4717 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4725 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4731 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4734 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4738 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4739 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4740 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4741 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4742 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4743 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4744 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4750 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4751 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4752 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4753 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4757 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4758 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4770 if (!de && errno != 0)
4775 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4777 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4781 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4782 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4785 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4796 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4802 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4816 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4821 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4845 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4859 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4860 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4862 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4863 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4868 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4875 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4876 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4879 r = access(p, F_OK);
4887 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4888 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4891 r = access(p, F_OK);
4897 /* Get parent dev_t */
4898 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4901 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4907 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4913 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4914 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4917 r = access(p, F_OK);
4921 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4928 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4929 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4930 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4931 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4932 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4935 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4937 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4938 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4939 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4940 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4941 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4942 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4943 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4946 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4948 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4949 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4950 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4951 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4952 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4953 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4954 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4955 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4956 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4957 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4958 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4959 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4960 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4961 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4962 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4963 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4964 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4965 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4966 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4967 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4968 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4971 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4973 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4974 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4975 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4976 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4978 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4979 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4980 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4981 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4984 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4986 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4987 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4988 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4989 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4990 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4994 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4996 static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
4997 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4998 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4999 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
5000 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
5001 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
5002 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
5003 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
5004 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
5005 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
5006 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
5007 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
5008 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
5009 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
5010 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
5011 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
5012 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
5015 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
5017 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
5018 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
5019 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
5020 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
5021 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
5024 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
5026 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
5043 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
5054 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
5056 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
5062 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
5064 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
5065 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
5068 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
5072 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
5073 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
5075 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
5080 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
5085 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
5089 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
5093 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
5094 signo = (int) u + offset;
5095 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
5101 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
5102 bool loaded = false;
5105 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
5113 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
5115 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5124 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5131 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5134 static const struct {
5138 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5139 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5140 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5141 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5142 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5146 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5148 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5151 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5152 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5159 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5167 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5180 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5182 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5184 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5185 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5188 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5191 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5192 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5198 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5200 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5202 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5203 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5206 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5209 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5210 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5215 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5216 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5217 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5218 sigset_t ss, saved_ss;
5226 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5229 parent_pid = getpid();
5231 /* First we temporarily block all signals, so that the new
5232 * child has them blocked initially. This way, we can be sure
5233 * that SIGTERMs are not lost we might send to the agent. */
5234 assert_se(sigfillset(&ss) >= 0);
5235 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, &saved_ss) >= 0);
5238 if (agent_pid < 0) {
5239 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5243 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5244 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5251 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5252 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5253 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5255 /* Make sure we actually can kill the agent, if we need to, in
5256 * case somebody invoked us from a shell script that trapped
5257 * SIGTERM or so... */
5258 reset_all_signal_handlers();
5259 reset_signal_mask();
5261 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5262 * to set the death signal and unblock the signals */
5263 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5264 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5266 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5267 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5269 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5270 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5272 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5275 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5276 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5277 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5278 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5279 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5280 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5281 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5282 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5284 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5285 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5289 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5292 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5298 /* Count arguments */
5300 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5305 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5307 /* Fill in arguments */
5309 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5310 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5314 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5317 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5318 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5322 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5328 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5329 * to get as close as we can */
5330 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5332 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5333 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5335 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5341 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5342 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5353 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5355 f = fopen(path, "re");
5363 char line[LINE_MAX];
5366 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5370 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5380 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5381 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5395 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5398 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5401 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5404 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5407 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5410 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5416 bool in_initrd(void) {
5417 static int saved = -1;
5423 /* We make two checks here:
5425 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5426 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5428 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5429 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5430 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5433 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5434 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5435 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5440 void warn_melody(void) {
5441 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5443 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5447 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5449 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5450 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5452 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5453 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5455 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5456 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5458 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5461 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5464 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5466 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, USEC_INFINITY);
5468 return log_error_errno(fd, "Failed to acquire terminal: %m");
5472 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %m");
5477 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5485 /* Take the user specified one */
5486 e = secure_getenv("HOME");
5487 if (e && path_is_absolute(e)) {
5496 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5499 h = strdup("/root");
5507 /* Check the database... */
5511 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5513 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5516 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5524 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5532 /* Take the user specified one */
5533 e = getenv("SHELL");
5543 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5546 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5554 /* Check the database... */
5558 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5560 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5563 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5571 bool filename_is_valid(const char *p) {
5585 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5591 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5597 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5598 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5601 if (strchr("\\\"\'\0x7f", *t))
5609 * Check if a string contains control characters. If 'ok' is non-NULL
5610 * it may be a string containing additional CCs to be considered OK.
5612 bool string_has_cc(const char *p, const char *ok) {
5617 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5618 if (ok && strchr(ok, *t))
5621 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5631 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5636 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5639 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5642 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5643 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5646 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5652 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5653 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5654 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5663 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5664 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5667 else if (comparison > 0)
5675 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5677 static int cached_answer = -1;
5679 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5682 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5683 cached_answer = true;
5687 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5689 cached_answer = true;
5693 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5694 cached_answer = true;
5698 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5699 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5700 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5702 cached_answer = true;
5706 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5710 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5711 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5715 return (bool) cached_answer;
5718 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5719 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5722 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5723 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5724 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5725 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5726 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243", /* ‣ */
5727 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217", /* ● */
5728 [DRAW_ARROW] = "\342\206\222", /* → */
5729 [DRAW_DASH] = "\342\200\223", /* – */
5732 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5733 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "| ",
5734 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5735 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5736 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5737 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = ">",
5738 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "*",
5739 [DRAW_ARROW] = "->",
5744 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5747 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5750 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5756 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5757 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5770 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5776 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5777 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5785 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5797 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5798 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5803 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5805 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5811 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5813 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5815 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5819 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5824 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5826 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5827 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5828 else if (*i == '\t')
5835 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5838 } else if (*i == '[') {
5839 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5844 state = STATE_OTHER;
5851 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5852 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5855 state = STATE_OTHER;
5857 } else if (*i == 'm')
5858 state = STATE_OTHER;
5880 int on_ac_power(void) {
5881 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5882 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5884 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5890 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5896 if (!de && errno != 0)
5902 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5905 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5907 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5913 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5915 if (errno == ENOENT)
5921 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5925 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5929 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5931 if (errno == ENOENT)
5937 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5941 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5944 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5945 found_online = true;
5947 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5948 found_offline = true;
5953 return found_online || !found_offline;
5956 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5963 if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
5966 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5967 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5971 p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path, NULL);
5973 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5983 if (errno != ENOENT)
5990 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5991 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5997 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
6000 f = fopen(path, mode);
6009 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
6013 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
6016 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
6017 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
6019 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
6022 f = fopen(path, mode);
6031 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
6035 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
6038 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
6045 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
6052 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6057 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
6066 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
6076 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6090 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
6098 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
6102 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
6109 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6116 if (*allocated >= need)
6119 newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
6120 a = newalloc * size;
6122 /* check for overflows */
6123 if (a < size * need)
6131 *allocated = newalloc;
6135 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6144 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
6148 if (*allocated > prev)
6149 memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
6154 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
6160 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
6162 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6165 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6166 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6167 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6171 } else if (l == 36) {
6173 /* Formatted UUID */
6175 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6178 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
6182 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6183 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6184 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6195 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
6210 a = strndup(s, x - s);
6214 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
6226 int shall_restore_state(void) {
6227 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
6230 r = get_proc_cmdline_key("systemd.restore_state=", &value);
6236 return parse_boolean(value) != 0;
6239 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
6242 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0)
6243 return get_process_cmdline(1, 0, false, ret);
6245 return read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
6248 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
6249 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6255 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6261 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6264 r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, true);
6270 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6272 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6275 value = strchr(word, '=');
6279 r = parse_item(word, value);
6287 int get_proc_cmdline_key(const char *key, char **value) {
6288 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL, *ret = NULL;
6295 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6301 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6304 r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, true);
6310 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6312 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6316 e = startswith(word, key);
6320 r = free_and_strdup(&ret, e);
6326 if (streq(word, key))
6340 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6341 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6349 p = strappenda("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6350 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6358 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6361 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6371 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6372 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, netnsfd = -1;
6380 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6381 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6389 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6390 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6398 netns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/net");
6399 netnsfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6407 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6408 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6414 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6417 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6420 *netns_fd = netnsfd;
6425 pidnsfd = mntnsfd = netnsfd = -1;
6430 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd) {
6433 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6437 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6441 if (setns(netns_fd, CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
6445 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6448 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6452 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6455 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
6458 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6464 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6465 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6470 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6473 return errno != ESRCH;
6476 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6479 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6484 r = get_process_state(pid);
6485 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6491 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6492 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6499 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6503 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6506 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6507 * to namespacing issues */
6510 if (u.uid == UID_INVALID)
6512 if (u.gid == GID_INVALID)
6519 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6531 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6535 if (errno != ERANGE)
6542 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6558 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6559 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6560 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6567 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6574 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6581 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6582 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6587 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6588 p = strappenda(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6590 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6598 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6601 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6604 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6605 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6607 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6608 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6610 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6611 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6616 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
6618 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6619 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6620 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6621 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6622 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6623 * used by libseccomp. */
6625 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6627 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6630 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6633 #elif defined(__i386__)
6635 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6639 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6640 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6641 * as error indicator. */
6642 return 0xffffffffUL;
6645 const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
6647 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6649 if (p == PER_LINUX32)
6655 #elif defined(__i386__)
6664 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
6667 /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
6668 * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
6670 mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
6673 return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
6676 char* mount_test_option(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
6678 struct mntent me = {
6679 .mnt_opts = (char*) haystack
6684 /* Like glibc's hasmntopt(), but works on a string, not a
6690 return hasmntopt(&me, needle);
6693 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
6694 const uint8_t *b = p;
6697 assert(s == 0 || b);
6702 fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
6704 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6709 fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
6717 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6722 fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
6736 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
6741 r = write_string_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, param);
6743 log_error("Failed to write reboot param to "
6744 REBOOT_PARAM_FILE": %s", strerror(-r));
6746 unlink(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE);
6751 int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
6755 /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
6756 * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
6757 * unmounting them until they are gone. */
6760 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6765 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6766 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6770 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
6773 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6774 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6775 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6776 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6777 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6778 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6779 "%*s" /* (6) mount options */
6780 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6781 "- " /* (8) separator */
6782 "%*s " /* (9) file system type */
6783 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6784 "%*s" /* (11) mount options 2 */
6785 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6794 p = cunescape(path);
6798 if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
6801 if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
6817 int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
6818 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
6819 _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
6822 /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
6823 * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
6824 * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
6825 * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
6826 * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
6827 * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
6828 * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
6829 * the same mount point we only care for each individual
6830 * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
6831 * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
6832 * have any effect on future submounts that might get
6833 * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
6834 * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
6836 cleaned = strdup(prefix);
6840 path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
6842 done = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6847 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6848 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
6849 bool top_autofs = false;
6852 todo = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6856 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6857 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6861 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
6864 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6865 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6866 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6867 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6868 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6869 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6870 "%*s" /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
6871 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6872 "- " /* (8) separator */
6873 "%ms " /* (9) file system type */
6874 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6875 "%*s" /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
6876 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6886 p = cunescape(path);
6890 /* Let's ignore autofs mounts. If they aren't
6891 * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
6892 * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
6893 * future submounts anyway. If they are
6894 * already triggered, then we will find
6895 * another entry for this. */
6896 if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
6897 top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
6901 if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
6902 !set_contains(done, p)) {
6904 r = set_consume(todo, p);
6914 /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
6915 * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
6917 if (set_isempty(todo) &&
6918 (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
6921 if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
6922 !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
6923 /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
6924 * mount, make it one. */
6925 if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
6928 if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
6931 x = strdup(cleaned);
6935 r = set_consume(done, x);
6940 while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
6942 r = set_consume(done, x);
6948 if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
6950 /* Deal with mount points that are
6951 * obstructed by a later mount */
6953 if (errno != ENOENT)
6961 int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
6968 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
6973 int tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p, char **ret) {
6981 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
6984 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 6 + 1);
6988 strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), "."), fn), "XXXXXX");
6994 int tempfn_random(const char *p, char **ret) {
7004 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
7007 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 16 + 1);
7011 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), "."), fn);
7014 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
7015 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
7025 /* make sure the hostname is not "localhost" */
7026 bool is_localhost(const char *hostname) {
7029 /* This tries to identify local host and domain names
7030 * described in RFC6761 plus the redhatism of .localdomain */
7032 return streq(hostname, "localhost") ||
7033 streq(hostname, "localhost.") ||
7034 streq(hostname, "localdomain.") ||
7035 streq(hostname, "localdomain") ||
7036 endswith(hostname, ".localhost") ||
7037 endswith(hostname, ".localhost.") ||
7038 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain") ||
7039 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain.");
7042 int take_password_lock(const char *root) {
7044 struct flock flock = {
7046 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
7054 /* This is roughly the same as lckpwdf(), but not as awful. We
7055 * don't want to use alarm() and signals, hence we implement
7056 * our own trivial version of this.
7058 * Note that shadow-utils also takes per-database locks in
7059 * addition to lckpwdf(). However, we don't given that they
7060 * are redundant as they they invoke lckpwdf() first and keep
7061 * it during everything they do. The per-database locks are
7062 * awfully racy, and thus we just won't do them. */
7065 path = strappenda(root, "/etc/.pwd.lock");
7067 path = "/etc/.pwd.lock";
7069 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600);
7073 r = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &flock);
7082 int is_symlink(const char *path) {
7085 if (lstat(path, &info) < 0)
7088 return !!S_ISLNK(info.st_mode);
7091 int is_dir(const char* path, bool follow) {
7096 r = stat(path, &st);
7098 r = lstat(path, &st);
7102 return !!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
7105 int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret, bool relax) {
7106 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
7107 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
7114 SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7116 DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7124 /* Parses the first word of a string, and returns it in
7125 * *ret. Removes all quotes in the process. When parsing fails
7126 * (because of an uneven number of quotes or similar), leaves
7127 * the pointer *p at the first invalid character. */
7137 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7147 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7149 state = VALUE_ESCAPE;
7151 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7152 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7155 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7170 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7183 } else if (c == '\'')
7186 state = SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7188 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7196 case SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7203 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7207 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7216 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7218 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7226 case DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7233 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7237 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7243 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7265 int unquote_many_words(const char **p, ...) {
7270 /* Parses a number of words from a string, stripping any
7271 * quotes if necessary. */
7275 /* Count how many words are expected */
7278 if (!va_arg(ap, char **))
7287 /* Read all words into a temporary array */
7288 l = newa0(char*, n);
7289 for (c = 0; c < n; c++) {
7291 r = unquote_first_word(p, &l[c], false);
7295 for (j = 0; j < c; j++)
7305 /* If we managed to parse all words, return them in the passed
7308 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
7311 v = va_arg(ap, char **);
7321 int free_and_strdup(char **p, const char *s) {
7326 /* Replaces a string pointer with an strdup()ed new string,
7327 * possibly freeing the old one. */
7342 int sethostname_idempotent(const char *s) {
7344 char buf[HOST_NAME_MAX + 1] = {};
7348 r = gethostname(buf, sizeof(buf));
7355 r = sethostname(s, strlen(s));