1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2011 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
36 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
37 #include <sys/inotify.h>
45 #include "sd-journal.h"
49 #include "logs-show.h"
51 #include "path-util.h"
57 #include "journal-internal.h"
58 #include "journal-def.h"
59 #include "journal-verify.h"
60 #include "journal-authenticate.h"
61 #include "journal-qrcode.h"
62 #include "journal-vacuum.h"
64 #include "unit-name.h"
68 #include "bus-error.h"
70 #define DEFAULT_FSS_INTERVAL_USEC (15*USEC_PER_MINUTE)
73 /* Special values for arg_lines */
74 ARG_LINES_DEFAULT = -2,
78 static OutputMode arg_output = OUTPUT_SHORT;
79 static bool arg_utc = false;
80 static bool arg_pager_end = false;
81 static bool arg_follow = false;
82 static bool arg_full = true;
83 static bool arg_all = false;
84 static bool arg_no_pager = false;
85 static int arg_lines = ARG_LINES_DEFAULT;
86 static bool arg_no_tail = false;
87 static bool arg_quiet = false;
88 static bool arg_merge = false;
89 static bool arg_boot = false;
90 static sd_id128_t arg_boot_id = {};
91 static int arg_boot_offset = 0;
92 static bool arg_dmesg = false;
93 static const char *arg_cursor = NULL;
94 static const char *arg_after_cursor = NULL;
95 static bool arg_show_cursor = false;
96 static const char *arg_directory = NULL;
97 static char **arg_file = NULL;
98 static int arg_priorities = 0xFF;
99 static const char *arg_verify_key = NULL;
101 static usec_t arg_interval = DEFAULT_FSS_INTERVAL_USEC;
102 static bool arg_force = false;
104 static usec_t arg_since, arg_until;
105 static bool arg_since_set = false, arg_until_set = false;
106 static char **arg_syslog_identifier = NULL;
107 static char **arg_system_units = NULL;
108 static char **arg_user_units = NULL;
109 static const char *arg_field = NULL;
110 static bool arg_catalog = false;
111 static bool arg_reverse = false;
112 static int arg_journal_type = 0;
113 static const char *arg_root = NULL;
114 static const char *arg_machine = NULL;
115 static off_t arg_vacuum_size = (off_t) -1;
116 static usec_t arg_vacuum_time = USEC_INFINITY;
127 ACTION_UPDATE_CATALOG,
131 } arg_action = ACTION_SHOW;
133 typedef struct boot_id_t {
139 static void pager_open_if_enabled(void) {
144 pager_open(arg_pager_end);
147 static char *format_timestamp_maybe_utc(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
150 return format_timestamp_utc(buf, l, t);
152 return format_timestamp(buf, l, t);
155 static int parse_boot_descriptor(const char *x, sd_id128_t *boot_id, int *offset) {
156 sd_id128_t id = SD_ID128_NULL;
159 if (strlen(x) >= 32) {
163 r = sd_id128_from_string(t, &id);
167 if (*x != '-' && *x != '+' && *x != 0)
171 r = safe_atoi(x, &off);
176 r = safe_atoi(x, &off);
190 static void help(void) {
192 pager_open_if_enabled();
194 printf("%s [OPTIONS...] [MATCHES...]\n\n"
195 "Query the journal.\n\n"
197 " --system Show the system journal\n"
198 " --user Show the user journal for the current user\n"
199 " -M --machine=CONTAINER Operate on local container\n"
200 " --since=DATE Start showing entries on or newer than the specified date\n"
201 " --until=DATE Stop showing entries on or newer than the specified date\n"
202 " -c --cursor=CURSOR Start showing entries from the specified cursor\n"
203 " --after-cursor=CURSOR Start showing entries from after the specified cursor\n"
204 " --show-cursor Print the cursor after all the entries\n"
205 " -b --boot[=ID] Show data only from ID or, if unspecified, the current boot\n"
206 " --list-boots Show terse information about recorded boots\n"
207 " -k --dmesg Show kernel message log from the current boot\n"
208 " -u --unit=UNIT Show data only from the specified unit\n"
209 " --user-unit=UNIT Show data only from the specified user session unit\n"
210 " -t --identifier=STRING Show only messages with the specified syslog identifier\n"
211 " -p --priority=RANGE Show only messages within the specified priority range\n"
212 " -e --pager-end Immediately jump to end of the journal in the pager\n"
213 " -f --follow Follow the journal\n"
214 " -n --lines[=INTEGER] Number of journal entries to show\n"
215 " --no-tail Show all lines, even in follow mode\n"
216 " -r --reverse Show the newest entries first\n"
217 " -o --output=STRING Change journal output mode (short, short-iso,\n"
218 " short-precise, short-monotonic, verbose,\n"
219 " export, json, json-pretty, json-sse, cat)\n"
220 " --utc Express time in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)\n"
221 " -x --catalog Add message explanations where available\n"
222 " --no-full Ellipsize fields\n"
223 " -a --all Show all fields, including long and unprintable\n"
224 " -q --quiet Do not show privilege warning\n"
225 " --no-pager Do not pipe output into a pager\n"
226 " -m --merge Show entries from all available journals\n"
227 " -D --directory=PATH Show journal files from directory\n"
228 " --file=PATH Show journal file\n"
229 " --root=ROOT Operate on catalog files underneath the root ROOT\n"
231 " --interval=TIME Time interval for changing the FSS sealing key\n"
232 " --verify-key=KEY Specify FSS verification key\n"
233 " --force Force overriding of the FSS key pair with --setup-keys\n"
236 " -h --help Show this help text\n"
237 " --version Show package version\n"
238 " -F --field=FIELD List all values that a specified field takes\n"
239 " --new-id128 Generate a new 128-bit ID\n"
240 " --disk-usage Show total disk usage of all journal files\n"
241 " --vacuum-size=BYTES Remove old journals until disk space drops below size\n"
242 " --vacuum-time=TIME Remove old journals until none left older than\n"
243 " --flush Flush all journal data from /run into /var\n"
244 " --header Show journal header information\n"
245 " --list-catalog Show message IDs of all entries in the message catalog\n"
246 " --dump-catalog Show entries in the message catalog\n"
247 " --update-catalog Update the message catalog database\n"
249 " --setup-keys Generate a new FSS key pair\n"
250 " --verify Verify journal file consistency\n"
252 , program_invocation_short_name);
255 static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
289 static const struct option options[] = {
290 { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
291 { "version" , no_argument, NULL, ARG_VERSION },
292 { "no-pager", no_argument, NULL, ARG_NO_PAGER },
293 { "pager-end", no_argument, NULL, 'e' },
294 { "follow", no_argument, NULL, 'f' },
295 { "force", no_argument, NULL, ARG_FORCE },
296 { "output", required_argument, NULL, 'o' },
297 { "all", no_argument, NULL, 'a' },
298 { "full", no_argument, NULL, 'l' },
299 { "no-full", no_argument, NULL, ARG_NO_FULL },
300 { "lines", optional_argument, NULL, 'n' },
301 { "no-tail", no_argument, NULL, ARG_NO_TAIL },
302 { "new-id128", no_argument, NULL, ARG_NEW_ID128 },
303 { "quiet", no_argument, NULL, 'q' },
304 { "merge", no_argument, NULL, 'm' },
305 { "boot", optional_argument, NULL, 'b' },
306 { "list-boots", no_argument, NULL, ARG_LIST_BOOTS },
307 { "this-boot", optional_argument, NULL, 'b' }, /* deprecated */
308 { "dmesg", no_argument, NULL, 'k' },
309 { "system", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SYSTEM },
310 { "user", no_argument, NULL, ARG_USER },
311 { "directory", required_argument, NULL, 'D' },
312 { "file", required_argument, NULL, ARG_FILE },
313 { "root", required_argument, NULL, ARG_ROOT },
314 { "header", no_argument, NULL, ARG_HEADER },
315 { "identifier", required_argument, NULL, 't' },
316 { "priority", required_argument, NULL, 'p' },
317 { "setup-keys", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SETUP_KEYS },
318 { "interval", required_argument, NULL, ARG_INTERVAL },
319 { "verify", no_argument, NULL, ARG_VERIFY },
320 { "verify-key", required_argument, NULL, ARG_VERIFY_KEY },
321 { "disk-usage", no_argument, NULL, ARG_DISK_USAGE },
322 { "cursor", required_argument, NULL, 'c' },
323 { "after-cursor", required_argument, NULL, ARG_AFTER_CURSOR },
324 { "show-cursor", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SHOW_CURSOR },
325 { "since", required_argument, NULL, ARG_SINCE },
326 { "until", required_argument, NULL, ARG_UNTIL },
327 { "unit", required_argument, NULL, 'u' },
328 { "user-unit", required_argument, NULL, ARG_USER_UNIT },
329 { "field", required_argument, NULL, 'F' },
330 { "catalog", no_argument, NULL, 'x' },
331 { "list-catalog", no_argument, NULL, ARG_LIST_CATALOG },
332 { "dump-catalog", no_argument, NULL, ARG_DUMP_CATALOG },
333 { "update-catalog", no_argument, NULL, ARG_UPDATE_CATALOG },
334 { "reverse", no_argument, NULL, 'r' },
335 { "machine", required_argument, NULL, 'M' },
336 { "utc", no_argument, NULL, ARG_UTC },
337 { "flush", no_argument, NULL, ARG_FLUSH },
338 { "vacuum-size", required_argument, NULL, ARG_VACUUM_SIZE },
339 { "vacuum-time", required_argument, NULL, ARG_VACUUM_TIME },
348 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hefo:aln::qmb::kD:p:c:t:u:F:xrM:", options, NULL)) >= 0)
357 puts(PACKAGE_STRING);
358 puts(SYSTEMD_FEATURES);
366 arg_pager_end = true;
368 if (arg_lines == ARG_LINES_DEFAULT)
378 arg_output = output_mode_from_string(optarg);
379 if (arg_output < 0) {
380 log_error("Unknown output format '%s'.", optarg);
384 if (arg_output == OUTPUT_EXPORT ||
385 arg_output == OUTPUT_JSON ||
386 arg_output == OUTPUT_JSON_PRETTY ||
387 arg_output == OUTPUT_JSON_SSE ||
388 arg_output == OUTPUT_CAT)
407 if (streq(optarg, "all"))
408 arg_lines = ARG_LINES_ALL;
410 r = safe_atoi(optarg, &arg_lines);
411 if (r < 0 || arg_lines < 0) {
412 log_error("Failed to parse lines '%s'", optarg);
419 /* Hmm, no argument? Maybe the next
420 * word on the command line is
421 * supposed to be the argument? Let's
422 * see if there is one, and is
426 if (streq(argv[optind], "all")) {
427 arg_lines = ARG_LINES_ALL;
429 } else if (safe_atoi(argv[optind], &n) >= 0 && n >= 0) {
443 arg_action = ACTION_NEW_ID128;
458 r = parse_boot_descriptor(optarg, &arg_boot_id, &arg_boot_offset);
460 log_error("Failed to parse boot descriptor '%s'", optarg);
465 /* Hmm, no argument? Maybe the next
466 * word on the command line is
467 * supposed to be the argument? Let's
468 * see if there is one and is parsable
469 * as a boot descriptor... */
472 parse_boot_descriptor(argv[optind], &arg_boot_id, &arg_boot_offset) >= 0)
479 arg_action = ACTION_LIST_BOOTS;
483 arg_boot = arg_dmesg = true;
487 arg_journal_type |= SD_JOURNAL_SYSTEM;
491 arg_journal_type |= SD_JOURNAL_CURRENT_USER;
495 arg_machine = optarg;
499 arg_directory = optarg;
503 r = glob_extend(&arg_file, optarg);
505 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add paths: %m");
516 case ARG_AFTER_CURSOR:
517 arg_after_cursor = optarg;
520 case ARG_SHOW_CURSOR:
521 arg_show_cursor = true;
525 arg_action = ACTION_PRINT_HEADER;
529 arg_action = ACTION_VERIFY;
533 arg_action = ACTION_DISK_USAGE;
536 case ARG_VACUUM_SIZE:
537 r = parse_size(optarg, 1024, &arg_vacuum_size);
539 log_error("Failed to parse vacuum size: %s", optarg);
543 arg_action = ACTION_VACUUM;
546 case ARG_VACUUM_TIME:
547 r = parse_sec(optarg, &arg_vacuum_time);
549 log_error("Failed to parse vacuum time: %s", optarg);
553 arg_action = ACTION_VACUUM;
562 arg_action = ACTION_SETUP_KEYS;
567 arg_action = ACTION_VERIFY;
568 arg_verify_key = optarg;
573 r = parse_sec(optarg, &arg_interval);
574 if (r < 0 || arg_interval <= 0) {
575 log_error("Failed to parse sealing key change interval: %s", optarg);
584 log_error("Forward-secure sealing not available.");
591 dots = strstr(optarg, "..");
597 a = strndup(optarg, dots - optarg);
601 from = log_level_from_string(a);
602 to = log_level_from_string(dots + 2);
605 if (from < 0 || to < 0) {
606 log_error("Failed to parse log level range %s", optarg);
613 for (i = from; i <= to; i++)
614 arg_priorities |= 1 << i;
616 for (i = to; i <= from; i++)
617 arg_priorities |= 1 << i;
623 p = log_level_from_string(optarg);
625 log_error("Unknown log level %s", optarg);
631 for (i = 0; i <= p; i++)
632 arg_priorities |= 1 << i;
639 r = parse_timestamp(optarg, &arg_since);
641 log_error("Failed to parse timestamp: %s", optarg);
644 arg_since_set = true;
648 r = parse_timestamp(optarg, &arg_until);
650 log_error("Failed to parse timestamp: %s", optarg);
653 arg_until_set = true;
657 r = strv_extend(&arg_syslog_identifier, optarg);
663 r = strv_extend(&arg_system_units, optarg);
669 r = strv_extend(&arg_user_units, optarg);
682 case ARG_LIST_CATALOG:
683 arg_action = ACTION_LIST_CATALOG;
686 case ARG_DUMP_CATALOG:
687 arg_action = ACTION_DUMP_CATALOG;
690 case ARG_UPDATE_CATALOG:
691 arg_action = ACTION_UPDATE_CATALOG;
703 arg_action = ACTION_FLUSH;
710 assert_not_reached("Unhandled option");
713 if (arg_follow && !arg_no_tail && !arg_since && arg_lines == ARG_LINES_DEFAULT)
716 if (!!arg_directory + !!arg_file + !!arg_machine > 1) {
717 log_error("Please specify either -D/--directory= or --file= or -M/--machine=, not more than one.");
721 if (arg_since_set && arg_until_set && arg_since > arg_until) {
722 log_error("--since= must be before --until=.");
726 if (!!arg_cursor + !!arg_after_cursor + !!arg_since_set > 1) {
727 log_error("Please specify only one of --since=, --cursor=, and --after-cursor.");
731 if (arg_follow && arg_reverse) {
732 log_error("Please specify either --reverse= or --follow=, not both.");
736 if (arg_action != ACTION_SHOW && optind < argc) {
737 log_error("Extraneous arguments starting with '%s'", argv[optind]);
744 static int generate_new_id128(void) {
749 r = sd_id128_randomize(&id);
751 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to generate ID: %m");
753 printf("As string:\n"
754 SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR "\n\n"
756 "%02x%02x%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x\n\n"
758 "#define MESSAGE_XYZ SD_ID128_MAKE(",
759 SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(id),
760 SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(id));
761 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
762 printf("%02x%s", id.bytes[i], i != 15 ? "," : "");
763 fputs(")\n\n", stdout);
765 printf("As Python constant:\n"
767 ">>> MESSAGE_XYZ = uuid.UUID('" SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR "')\n",
768 SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(id));
773 static int add_matches(sd_journal *j, char **args) {
775 bool have_term = false;
779 STRV_FOREACH(i, args) {
782 if (streq(*i, "+")) {
785 r = sd_journal_add_disjunction(j);
788 } else if (path_is_absolute(*i)) {
789 _cleanup_free_ char *p, *t = NULL, *t2 = NULL;
791 _cleanup_free_ char *interpreter = NULL;
794 p = canonicalize_file_name(*i);
797 if (stat(path, &st) < 0) {
798 log_error("Couldn't stat file: %m");
802 if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode) && (0111 & st.st_mode)) {
803 if (executable_is_script(path, &interpreter) > 0) {
804 _cleanup_free_ char *comm;
806 comm = strndup(basename(path), 15);
810 t = strappend("_COMM=", comm);
812 /* Append _EXE only if the interpreter is not a link.
813 Otherwise, it might be outdated often. */
814 if (lstat(interpreter, &st) == 0 &&
815 !S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
816 t2 = strappend("_EXE=", interpreter);
821 t = strappend("_EXE=", path);
822 } else if (S_ISCHR(st.st_mode)) {
823 if (asprintf(&t, "_KERNEL_DEVICE=c%u:%u",
825 minor(st.st_rdev)) < 0)
827 } else if (S_ISBLK(st.st_mode)) {
828 if (asprintf(&t, "_KERNEL_DEVICE=b%u:%u",
830 minor(st.st_rdev)) < 0)
833 log_error("File is neither a device node, nor regular file, nor executable: %s", *i);
840 r = sd_journal_add_match(j, t, 0);
842 r = sd_journal_add_match(j, t2, 0);
846 r = sd_journal_add_match(j, *i, 0);
851 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add match '%s': %m", *i);
854 if (!strv_isempty(args) && !have_term) {
855 log_error("\"+\" can only be used between terms");
862 static int boot_id_cmp(const void *a, const void *b) {
865 _a = ((const boot_id_t *)a)->first;
866 _b = ((const boot_id_t *)b)->first;
868 return _a < _b ? -1 : (_a > _b ? 1 : 0);
871 static int get_boots(sd_journal *j,
874 boot_id_t *query_ref_boot) {
877 size_t length, allocated = 0;
883 r = sd_journal_query_unique(j, "_BOOT_ID");
888 SD_JOURNAL_FOREACH_UNIQUE(j, data, length) {
891 assert(startswith(data, "_BOOT_ID="));
893 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(*boots, allocated, *count + 1))
896 id = *boots + *count;
898 r = sd_id128_from_string(((const char *)data) + strlen("_BOOT_ID="), &id->id);
902 r = sd_journal_add_match(j, data, length);
906 r = sd_journal_seek_head(j);
910 r = sd_journal_next(j);
916 r = sd_journal_get_realtime_usec(j, &id->first);
920 if (query_ref_boot) {
922 if (sd_id128_equal(id->id, query_ref_boot->id))
923 *query_ref_boot = *id;
925 r = sd_journal_seek_tail(j);
929 r = sd_journal_previous(j);
935 r = sd_journal_get_realtime_usec(j, &id->last);
942 sd_journal_flush_matches(j);
945 qsort_safe(*boots, *count, sizeof(boot_id_t), boot_id_cmp);
949 static int list_boots(sd_journal *j) {
953 _cleanup_free_ boot_id_t *all_ids = NULL;
957 r = get_boots(j, &all_ids, &count, NULL);
961 pager_open_if_enabled();
963 /* numbers are one less, but we need an extra char for the sign */
964 w = DECIMAL_STR_WIDTH(count - 1) + 1;
966 for (id = all_ids, i = 0; id < all_ids + count; id++, i++) {
967 char a[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], b[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX];
969 printf("% *i " SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR " %s—%s\n",
971 SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(id->id),
972 format_timestamp_maybe_utc(a, sizeof(a), id->first),
973 format_timestamp_maybe_utc(b, sizeof(b), id->last));
979 static int get_boot_id_by_offset(sd_journal *j, sd_id128_t *boot_id, int offset) {
982 boot_id_t ref_boot_id = {}, *id;
983 _cleanup_free_ boot_id_t *all_ids = NULL;
988 ref_boot_id.id = *boot_id;
989 r = get_boots(j, &all_ids, &count, &ref_boot_id);
993 if (sd_id128_equal(*boot_id, SD_ID128_NULL)) {
994 if (offset > (int) count || offset <= -(int)count)
995 return -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
997 *boot_id = all_ids[(offset <= 0)*count + offset - 1].id;
999 id = bsearch(&ref_boot_id, all_ids, count, sizeof(boot_id_t), boot_id_cmp);
1002 offset <= 0 ? (id - all_ids) + offset < 0 :
1003 (id - all_ids) + offset >= (int) count)
1004 return -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
1006 *boot_id = (id + offset)->id;
1012 static int add_boot(sd_journal *j) {
1013 char match[9+32+1] = "_BOOT_ID=";
1021 if (arg_boot_offset == 0 && sd_id128_equal(arg_boot_id, SD_ID128_NULL))
1022 return add_match_this_boot(j, arg_machine);
1024 r = get_boot_id_by_offset(j, &arg_boot_id, arg_boot_offset);
1026 if (sd_id128_equal(arg_boot_id, SD_ID128_NULL))
1027 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to look up boot %+i: %m", arg_boot_offset);
1029 log_error("Failed to look up boot ID "SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR"%+i: %s",
1030 SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(arg_boot_id), arg_boot_offset, strerror(-r));
1034 sd_id128_to_string(arg_boot_id, match + 9);
1036 r = sd_journal_add_match(j, match, sizeof(match) - 1);
1038 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add match: %m");
1040 r = sd_journal_add_conjunction(j);
1047 static int add_dmesg(sd_journal *j) {
1054 r = sd_journal_add_match(j, "_TRANSPORT=kernel", strlen("_TRANSPORT=kernel"));
1056 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add match: %m");
1058 r = sd_journal_add_conjunction(j);
1065 static int get_possible_units(sd_journal *j,
1069 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *found;
1073 found = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
1077 NULSTR_FOREACH(field, fields) {
1081 r = sd_journal_query_unique(j, field);
1085 SD_JOURNAL_FOREACH_UNIQUE(j, data, size) {
1086 char **pattern, *eq;
1088 _cleanup_free_ char *u = NULL;
1090 eq = memchr(data, '=', size);
1092 prefix = eq - (char*) data + 1;
1096 u = strndup((char*) data + prefix, size - prefix);
1100 STRV_FOREACH(pattern, patterns)
1101 if (fnmatch(*pattern, u, FNM_NOESCAPE) == 0) {
1102 log_debug("Matched %s with pattern %s=%s", u, field, *pattern);
1104 r = set_consume(found, u);
1106 if (r < 0 && r != -EEXIST)
1119 /* This list is supposed to return the superset of unit names
1120 * possibly matched by rules added with add_matches_for_unit... */
1121 #define SYSTEM_UNITS \
1125 "OBJECT_SYSTEMD_UNIT\0" \
1128 /* ... and add_matches_for_user_unit */
1129 #define USER_UNITS \
1130 "_SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT\0" \
1132 "COREDUMP_USER_UNIT\0" \
1133 "OBJECT_SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT\0"
1135 static int add_units(sd_journal *j) {
1136 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **patterns = NULL;
1142 STRV_FOREACH(i, arg_system_units) {
1143 _cleanup_free_ char *u = NULL;
1145 u = unit_name_mangle(*i, MANGLE_GLOB);
1149 if (string_is_glob(u)) {
1150 r = strv_push(&patterns, u);
1155 r = add_matches_for_unit(j, u);
1158 r = sd_journal_add_disjunction(j);
1165 if (!strv_isempty(patterns)) {
1166 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *units = NULL;
1170 r = get_possible_units(j, SYSTEM_UNITS, patterns, &units);
1174 SET_FOREACH(u, units, it) {
1175 r = add_matches_for_unit(j, u);
1178 r = sd_journal_add_disjunction(j);
1185 strv_free(patterns);
1188 STRV_FOREACH(i, arg_user_units) {
1189 _cleanup_free_ char *u = NULL;
1191 u = unit_name_mangle(*i, MANGLE_GLOB);
1195 if (string_is_glob(u)) {
1196 r = strv_push(&patterns, u);
1201 r = add_matches_for_user_unit(j, u, getuid());
1204 r = sd_journal_add_disjunction(j);
1211 if (!strv_isempty(patterns)) {
1212 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *units = NULL;
1216 r = get_possible_units(j, USER_UNITS, patterns, &units);
1220 SET_FOREACH(u, units, it) {
1221 r = add_matches_for_user_unit(j, u, getuid());
1224 r = sd_journal_add_disjunction(j);
1231 /* Complain if the user request matches but nothing whatsoever was
1232 * found, since otherwise everything would be matched. */
1233 if (!(strv_isempty(arg_system_units) && strv_isempty(arg_user_units)) && count == 0)
1236 r = sd_journal_add_conjunction(j);
1243 static int add_priorities(sd_journal *j) {
1244 char match[] = "PRIORITY=0";
1248 if (arg_priorities == 0xFF)
1251 for (i = LOG_EMERG; i <= LOG_DEBUG; i++)
1252 if (arg_priorities & (1 << i)) {
1253 match[sizeof(match)-2] = '0' + i;
1255 r = sd_journal_add_match(j, match, strlen(match));
1257 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add match: %m");
1260 r = sd_journal_add_conjunction(j);
1268 static int add_syslog_identifier(sd_journal *j) {
1274 STRV_FOREACH(i, arg_syslog_identifier) {
1277 u = strappenda("SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER=", *i);
1278 r = sd_journal_add_match(j, u, 0);
1281 r = sd_journal_add_disjunction(j);
1286 r = sd_journal_add_conjunction(j);
1293 static int setup_keys(void) {
1295 size_t mpk_size, seed_size, state_size, i;
1296 uint8_t *mpk, *seed, *state;
1298 int fd = -1, r, attr = 0;
1299 sd_id128_t machine, boot;
1300 char *p = NULL, *k = NULL;
1305 r = stat("/var/log/journal", &st);
1306 if (r < 0 && errno != ENOENT && errno != ENOTDIR) {
1307 log_error("stat(\"%s\") failed: %m", "/var/log/journal");
1311 if (r < 0 || !S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
1312 log_error("%s is not a directory, must be using persistent logging for FSS.",
1313 "/var/log/journal");
1314 return r < 0 ? -errno : -ENOTDIR;
1317 r = sd_id128_get_machine(&machine);
1319 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get machine ID: %m");
1321 r = sd_id128_get_boot(&boot);
1323 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get boot ID: %m");
1325 if (asprintf(&p, "/var/log/journal/" SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR "/fss",
1326 SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(machine)) < 0)
1329 if (access(p, F_OK) >= 0) {
1333 log_error("unlink(\"%s\") failed: %m", p);
1338 log_error("Sealing key file %s exists already. (--force to recreate)", p);
1344 if (asprintf(&k, "/var/log/journal/" SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR "/fss.tmp.XXXXXX",
1345 SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(machine)) < 0) {
1350 mpk_size = FSPRG_mskinbytes(FSPRG_RECOMMENDED_SECPAR);
1351 mpk = alloca(mpk_size);
1353 seed_size = FSPRG_RECOMMENDED_SEEDLEN;
1354 seed = alloca(seed_size);
1356 state_size = FSPRG_stateinbytes(FSPRG_RECOMMENDED_SECPAR);
1357 state = alloca(state_size);
1359 fd = open("/dev/random", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
1361 log_error("Failed to open /dev/random: %m");
1366 log_info("Generating seed...");
1367 l = loop_read(fd, seed, seed_size, true);
1368 if (l < 0 || (size_t) l != seed_size) {
1369 log_error_errno(EIO, "Failed to read random seed: %m");
1374 log_info("Generating key pair...");
1375 FSPRG_GenMK(NULL, mpk, seed, seed_size, FSPRG_RECOMMENDED_SECPAR);
1377 log_info("Generating sealing key...");
1378 FSPRG_GenState0(state, mpk, seed, seed_size);
1380 assert(arg_interval > 0);
1382 n = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
1386 fd = mkostemp_safe(k, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
1388 log_error("Failed to open %s: %m", k);
1393 /* Enable secure remove, exclusion from dump, synchronous
1394 * writing and in-place updating */
1395 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, &attr) < 0)
1396 log_warning("FS_IOC_GETFLAGS failed: %m");
1398 attr |= FS_SECRM_FL|FS_NODUMP_FL|FS_SYNC_FL|FS_NOCOW_FL;
1400 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_SETFLAGS, &attr) < 0)
1401 log_warning("FS_IOC_SETFLAGS failed: %m");
1404 memcpy(h.signature, "KSHHRHLP", 8);
1405 h.machine_id = machine;
1407 h.header_size = htole64(sizeof(h));
1408 h.start_usec = htole64(n * arg_interval);
1409 h.interval_usec = htole64(arg_interval);
1410 h.fsprg_secpar = htole16(FSPRG_RECOMMENDED_SECPAR);
1411 h.fsprg_state_size = htole64(state_size);
1413 l = loop_write(fd, &h, sizeof(h), false);
1414 if (l < 0 || (size_t) l != sizeof(h)) {
1415 log_error_errno(EIO, "Failed to write header: %m");
1420 l = loop_write(fd, state, state_size, false);
1421 if (l < 0 || (size_t) l != state_size) {
1422 log_error_errno(EIO, "Failed to write state: %m");
1427 if (link(k, p) < 0) {
1428 log_error("Failed to link file: %m");
1436 "The new key pair has been generated. The " ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON "secret sealing key" ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF " has been written to\n"
1437 "the following local file. This key file is automatically updated when the\n"
1438 "sealing key is advanced. It should not be used on multiple hosts.\n"
1442 "Please write down the following " ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON "secret verification key" ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF ". It should be stored\n"
1443 "at a safe location and should not be saved locally on disk.\n"
1444 "\n\t" ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_RED_ON, p);
1447 for (i = 0; i < seed_size; i++) {
1448 if (i > 0 && i % 3 == 0)
1450 printf("%02x", ((uint8_t*) seed)[i]);
1453 printf("/%llx-%llx\n", (unsigned long long) n, (unsigned long long) arg_interval);
1456 char tsb[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX], *hn;
1459 ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF "\n"
1460 "The sealing key is automatically changed every %s.\n",
1461 format_timespan(tsb, sizeof(tsb), arg_interval, 0));
1463 hn = gethostname_malloc();
1466 hostname_cleanup(hn, false);
1467 fprintf(stderr, "\nThe keys have been generated for host %s/" SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR ".\n", hn, SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(machine));
1469 fprintf(stderr, "\nThe keys have been generated for host " SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR ".\n", SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(machine));
1471 #ifdef HAVE_QRENCODE
1472 /* If this is not an UTF-8 system don't print any QR codes */
1473 if (is_locale_utf8()) {
1474 fputs("\nTo transfer the verification key to your phone please scan the QR code below:\n\n", stderr);
1475 print_qr_code(stderr, seed, seed_size, n, arg_interval, hn, machine);
1495 log_error("Forward-secure sealing not available.");
1500 static int verify(sd_journal *j) {
1507 log_show_color(true);
1509 ORDERED_HASHMAP_FOREACH(f, j->files, i) {
1511 usec_t first, validated, last;
1514 if (!arg_verify_key && JOURNAL_HEADER_SEALED(f->header))
1515 log_notice("Journal file %s has sealing enabled but verification key has not been passed using --verify-key=.", f->path);
1518 k = journal_file_verify(f, arg_verify_key, &first, &validated, &last, true);
1520 /* If the key was invalid give up right-away. */
1523 log_warning("FAIL: %s (%s)", f->path, strerror(-k));
1526 char a[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], b[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], c[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
1527 log_info("PASS: %s", f->path);
1529 if (arg_verify_key && JOURNAL_HEADER_SEALED(f->header)) {
1530 if (validated > 0) {
1531 log_info("=> Validated from %s to %s, final %s entries not sealed.",
1532 format_timestamp_maybe_utc(a, sizeof(a), first),
1533 format_timestamp_maybe_utc(b, sizeof(b), validated),
1534 format_timespan(c, sizeof(c), last > validated ? last - validated : 0, 0));
1535 } else if (last > 0)
1536 log_info("=> No sealing yet, %s of entries not sealed.",
1537 format_timespan(c, sizeof(c), last - first, 0));
1539 log_info("=> No sealing yet, no entries in file.");
1548 static int access_check_var_log_journal(sd_journal *j) {
1549 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **g = NULL;
1555 have_access = in_group("systemd-journal") > 0;
1558 /* Let's enumerate all groups from the default ACL of
1559 * the directory, which generally should allow access
1560 * to most journal files too */
1561 r = search_acl_groups(&g, "/var/log/journal/", &have_access);
1568 if (strv_isempty(g))
1569 log_notice("Hint: You are currently not seeing messages from other users and the system.\n"
1570 " Users in the 'systemd-journal' group can see all messages. Pass -q to\n"
1571 " turn off this notice.");
1573 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
1575 r = strv_extend(&g, "systemd-journal");
1582 s = strv_join(g, "', '");
1586 log_notice("Hint: You are currently not seeing messages from other users and the system.\n"
1587 " Users in the groups '%s' can see all messages.\n"
1588 " Pass -q to turn off this notice.", s);
1596 static int access_check(sd_journal *j) {
1603 if (set_isempty(j->errors)) {
1604 if (ordered_hashmap_isempty(j->files))
1605 log_notice("No journal files were found.");
1609 if (set_contains(j->errors, INT_TO_PTR(-EACCES))) {
1611 /* If /var/log/journal doesn't even exist,
1612 * unprivileged users have no access at all */
1613 if (access("/var/log/journal", F_OK) < 0 &&
1615 in_group("systemd-journal") <= 0) {
1616 log_error("Unprivileged users cannot access messages, unless persistent log storage is\n"
1617 "enabled. Users in the 'systemd-journal' group may always access messages.");
1621 /* If /var/log/journal exists, try to pring a nice
1622 notice if the user lacks access to it */
1623 if (!arg_quiet && geteuid() != 0) {
1624 r = access_check_var_log_journal(j);
1629 if (geteuid() != 0 && in_group("systemd-journal") <= 0) {
1630 log_error("Unprivileged users cannot access messages. Users in the 'systemd-journal' group\n"
1631 "group may access messages.");
1636 if (ordered_hashmap_isempty(j->files)) {
1637 log_error("No journal files were opened due to insufficient permissions.");
1642 SET_FOREACH(code, j->errors, it) {
1645 err = -PTR_TO_INT(code);
1649 log_warning_errno(err, "Error was encountered while opening journal files: %m");
1655 static int flush_to_var(void) {
1656 _cleanup_bus_error_free_ sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
1657 _cleanup_bus_close_unref_ sd_bus *bus = NULL;
1658 _cleanup_close_ int watch_fd = -1;
1662 if (access("/run/systemd/journal/flushed", F_OK) >= 0)
1665 /* OK, let's actually do the full logic, send SIGUSR1 to the
1666 * daemon and set up inotify to wait for the flushed file to appear */
1667 r = bus_open_system_systemd(&bus);
1669 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get D-Bus connection: %m");
1671 r = sd_bus_call_method(
1673 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1674 "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1675 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1679 "ssi", "systemd-journald.service", "main", SIGUSR1);
1681 log_error("Failed to kill journal service: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
1685 mkdir_p("/run/systemd/journal", 0755);
1687 watch_fd = inotify_init1(IN_NONBLOCK|IN_CLOEXEC);
1689 log_error("Failed to create inotify watch: %m");
1693 r = inotify_add_watch(watch_fd, "/run/systemd/journal", IN_CREATE|IN_DONT_FOLLOW|IN_ONLYDIR);
1695 log_error("Failed to watch journal directory: %m");
1700 if (access("/run/systemd/journal/flushed", F_OK) >= 0)
1703 if (errno != ENOENT) {
1704 log_error("Failed to check for existance of /run/systemd/journal/flushed: %m");
1708 r = fd_wait_for_event(watch_fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
1710 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to wait for event: %m");
1712 r = flush_fd(watch_fd);
1714 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to flush inotify events: %m");
1720 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1722 _cleanup_journal_close_ sd_journal *j = NULL;
1723 bool need_seek = false;
1724 sd_id128_t previous_boot_id;
1725 bool previous_boot_id_valid = false, first_line = true;
1727 bool ellipsized = false;
1729 setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
1730 log_parse_environment();
1733 r = parse_argv(argc, argv);
1737 signal(SIGWINCH, columns_lines_cache_reset);
1739 if (arg_action == ACTION_NEW_ID128) {
1740 r = generate_new_id128();
1744 if (arg_action == ACTION_FLUSH) {
1749 if (arg_action == ACTION_SETUP_KEYS) {
1754 if (arg_action == ACTION_UPDATE_CATALOG ||
1755 arg_action == ACTION_LIST_CATALOG ||
1756 arg_action == ACTION_DUMP_CATALOG) {
1758 _cleanup_free_ char *database;
1760 database = path_join(arg_root, CATALOG_DATABASE, NULL);
1766 if (arg_action == ACTION_UPDATE_CATALOG) {
1767 r = catalog_update(database, arg_root, catalog_file_dirs);
1769 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to list catalog: %m");
1771 bool oneline = arg_action == ACTION_LIST_CATALOG;
1774 r = catalog_list_items(stdout, database,
1775 oneline, argv + optind);
1777 r = catalog_list(stdout, database, oneline);
1779 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to list catalog: %m");
1786 r = sd_journal_open_directory(&j, arg_directory, arg_journal_type);
1788 r = sd_journal_open_files(&j, (const char**) arg_file, 0);
1789 else if (arg_machine)
1790 r = sd_journal_open_container(&j, arg_machine, 0);
1792 r = sd_journal_open(&j, !arg_merge*SD_JOURNAL_LOCAL_ONLY + arg_journal_type);
1794 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to open %s: %m",
1795 arg_directory ? arg_directory : arg_file ? "files" : "journal");
1796 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1799 r = access_check(j);
1801 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1803 if (arg_action == ACTION_VERIFY) {
1808 if (arg_action == ACTION_PRINT_HEADER) {
1809 journal_print_header(j);
1810 return EXIT_SUCCESS;
1813 if (arg_action == ACTION_DISK_USAGE) {
1815 char sbytes[FORMAT_BYTES_MAX];
1817 r = sd_journal_get_usage(j, &bytes);
1819 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1821 printf("Archived and active journals take up %s on disk.\n",
1822 format_bytes(sbytes, sizeof(sbytes), bytes));
1823 return EXIT_SUCCESS;
1826 if (arg_action == ACTION_VACUUM) {
1830 HASHMAP_FOREACH(d, j->directories_by_path, i) {
1836 q = journal_directory_vacuum(d->path, arg_vacuum_size, arg_vacuum_time, NULL, true);
1838 log_error_errno(q, "Failed to vacuum: %m");
1843 return r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS;
1846 if (arg_action == ACTION_LIST_BOOTS) {
1851 /* add_boot() must be called first!
1852 * It may need to seek the journal to find parent boot IDs. */
1855 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1859 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1862 strv_free(arg_system_units);
1863 strv_free(arg_user_units);
1866 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add filter for units: %m");
1867 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1870 r = add_syslog_identifier(j);
1872 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add filter for syslog identifiers: %m");
1873 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1876 r = add_priorities(j);
1878 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add filter for priorities: %m");
1879 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1882 r = add_matches(j, argv + optind);
1884 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add filters: %m");
1885 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1888 if (_unlikely_(log_get_max_level() >= LOG_PRI(LOG_DEBUG))) {
1889 _cleanup_free_ char *filter;
1891 filter = journal_make_match_string(j);
1892 log_debug("Journal filter: %s", filter);
1899 r = sd_journal_set_data_threshold(j, 0);
1901 log_error("Failed to unset data size threshold");
1902 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1905 r = sd_journal_query_unique(j, arg_field);
1907 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to query unique data objects: %m");
1908 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1911 SD_JOURNAL_FOREACH_UNIQUE(j, data, size) {
1914 if (arg_lines >= 0 && n_shown >= arg_lines)
1917 eq = memchr(data, '=', size);
1919 printf("%.*s\n", (int) (size - ((const uint8_t*) eq - (const uint8_t*) data + 1)), (const char*) eq + 1);
1921 printf("%.*s\n", (int) size, (const char*) data);
1926 return EXIT_SUCCESS;
1929 /* Opening the fd now means the first sd_journal_wait() will actually wait */
1931 r = sd_journal_get_fd(j);
1933 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1936 if (arg_cursor || arg_after_cursor) {
1937 r = sd_journal_seek_cursor(j, arg_cursor ?: arg_after_cursor);
1939 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to seek to cursor: %m");
1940 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1943 r = sd_journal_next_skip(j, 1 + !!arg_after_cursor);
1945 r = sd_journal_previous_skip(j, 1 + !!arg_after_cursor);
1947 if (arg_after_cursor && r < 2 && !arg_follow)
1948 /* We couldn't find the next entry after the cursor. */
1951 } else if (arg_since_set && !arg_reverse) {
1952 r = sd_journal_seek_realtime_usec(j, arg_since);
1954 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to seek to date: %m");
1955 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1957 r = sd_journal_next(j);
1959 } else if (arg_until_set && arg_reverse) {
1960 r = sd_journal_seek_realtime_usec(j, arg_until);
1962 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to seek to date: %m");
1963 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1965 r = sd_journal_previous(j);
1967 } else if (arg_lines >= 0) {
1968 r = sd_journal_seek_tail(j);
1970 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to seek to tail: %m");
1971 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1974 r = sd_journal_previous_skip(j, arg_lines);
1976 } else if (arg_reverse) {
1977 r = sd_journal_seek_tail(j);
1979 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to seek to tail: %m");
1980 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1983 r = sd_journal_previous(j);
1986 r = sd_journal_seek_head(j);
1988 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to seek to head: %m");
1989 return EXIT_FAILURE;
1992 r = sd_journal_next(j);
1996 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to iterate through journal: %m");
1997 return EXIT_FAILURE;
2001 pager_open_if_enabled();
2005 char start_buf[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], end_buf[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX];
2007 r = sd_journal_get_cutoff_realtime_usec(j, &start, &end);
2009 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get cutoff: %m");
2015 printf("-- Logs begin at %s. --\n",
2016 format_timestamp_maybe_utc(start_buf, sizeof(start_buf), start));
2018 printf("-- Logs begin at %s, end at %s. --\n",
2019 format_timestamp_maybe_utc(start_buf, sizeof(start_buf), start),
2020 format_timestamp_maybe_utc(end_buf, sizeof(end_buf), end));
2025 while (arg_lines < 0 || n_shown < arg_lines || (arg_follow && !first_line)) {
2030 r = sd_journal_next(j);
2032 r = sd_journal_previous(j);
2034 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to iterate through journal: %m");
2041 if (arg_until_set && !arg_reverse) {
2044 r = sd_journal_get_realtime_usec(j, &usec);
2046 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to determine timestamp: %m");
2049 if (usec > arg_until)
2053 if (arg_since_set && arg_reverse) {
2056 r = sd_journal_get_realtime_usec(j, &usec);
2058 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to determine timestamp: %m");
2061 if (usec < arg_since)
2065 if (!arg_merge && !arg_quiet) {
2068 r = sd_journal_get_monotonic_usec(j, NULL, &boot_id);
2070 if (previous_boot_id_valid &&
2071 !sd_id128_equal(boot_id, previous_boot_id))
2072 printf("%s-- Reboot --%s\n",
2073 ansi_highlight(), ansi_highlight_off());
2075 previous_boot_id = boot_id;
2076 previous_boot_id_valid = true;
2081 arg_all * OUTPUT_SHOW_ALL |
2082 arg_full * OUTPUT_FULL_WIDTH |
2083 on_tty() * OUTPUT_COLOR |
2084 arg_catalog * OUTPUT_CATALOG |
2085 arg_utc * OUTPUT_UTC;
2087 r = output_journal(stdout, j, arg_output, 0, flags, &ellipsized);
2089 if (r == -EADDRNOTAVAIL)
2091 else if (r < 0 || ferror(stdout))
2098 if (arg_show_cursor) {
2099 _cleanup_free_ char *cursor = NULL;
2101 r = sd_journal_get_cursor(j, &cursor);
2102 if (r < 0 && r != -EADDRNOTAVAIL)
2103 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get cursor: %m");
2105 printf("-- cursor: %s\n", cursor);
2111 r = sd_journal_wait(j, (uint64_t) -1);
2113 log_error_errno(r, "Couldn't wait for journal event: %m");
2123 strv_free(arg_file);
2125 return r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS;