1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
22 #include <dbus/dbus.h>
28 #include <sys/types.h>
34 #include <sys/prctl.h>
35 #include <sys/mount.h>
39 #include "load-fragment.h"
42 #include "conf-parser.h"
43 #include "bus-errors.h"
51 #include "path-util.h"
52 #include "switch-root.h"
53 #include "capability.h"
56 #include "mount-setup.h"
57 #include "loopback-setup.h"
58 #include "kmod-setup.h"
59 #include "hostname-setup.h"
60 #include "machine-id-setup.h"
61 #include "locale-setup.h"
63 #include "selinux-setup.h"
64 #include "ima-setup.h"
71 ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS,
73 } arg_action = ACTION_RUN;
75 static char *arg_default_unit = NULL;
76 static ManagerRunningAs arg_running_as = _MANAGER_RUNNING_AS_INVALID;
78 static bool arg_dump_core = true;
79 static bool arg_crash_shell = false;
80 static int arg_crash_chvt = -1;
81 static bool arg_confirm_spawn = false;
82 static bool arg_show_status = true;
83 static bool arg_switched_root = false;
84 static char **arg_default_controllers = NULL;
85 static char ***arg_join_controllers = NULL;
86 static ExecOutput arg_default_std_output = EXEC_OUTPUT_JOURNAL;
87 static ExecOutput arg_default_std_error = EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT;
88 static usec_t arg_runtime_watchdog = 0;
89 static usec_t arg_shutdown_watchdog = 10 * USEC_PER_MINUTE;
90 static struct rlimit *arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NLIMITS] = {};
91 static uint64_t arg_capability_bounding_set_drop = 0;
92 static nsec_t arg_timer_slack_nsec = (nsec_t) -1;
94 static FILE* serialization = NULL;
96 static void nop_handler(int sig) {
99 _noreturn_ static void crash(int sig) {
102 log_error("Caught <%s>, not dumping core.", signal_to_string(sig));
107 /* We want to wait for the core process, hence let's enable SIGCHLD */
109 sa.sa_handler = nop_handler;
110 sa.sa_flags = SA_NOCLDSTOP|SA_RESTART;
111 assert_se(sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL) == 0);
113 if ((pid = fork()) < 0)
114 log_error("Caught <%s>, cannot fork for core dump: %s", signal_to_string(sig), strerror(errno));
119 /* Enable default signal handler for core dump */
121 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
122 assert_se(sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) == 0);
124 /* Don't limit the core dump size */
126 rl.rlim_cur = RLIM_INFINITY;
127 rl.rlim_max = RLIM_INFINITY;
128 setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &rl);
130 /* Just to be sure... */
131 assert_se(chdir("/") == 0);
133 /* Raise the signal again */
136 assert_not_reached("We shouldn't be here...");
143 /* Order things nicely. */
144 if ((r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status)) < 0)
145 log_error("Caught <%s>, waitpid() failed: %s", signal_to_string(sig), strerror(-r));
146 else if (status.si_code != CLD_DUMPED)
147 log_error("Caught <%s>, core dump failed.", signal_to_string(sig));
149 log_error("Caught <%s>, dumped core as pid %lu.", signal_to_string(sig), (unsigned long) pid);
154 chvt(arg_crash_chvt);
156 if (arg_crash_shell) {
160 log_info("Executing crash shell in 10s...");
163 /* Let the kernel reap children for us */
165 sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
166 sa.sa_flags = SA_NOCLDSTOP|SA_NOCLDWAIT|SA_RESTART;
167 assert_se(sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL) == 0);
171 log_error("Failed to fork off crash shell: %m");
173 make_console_stdio();
174 execl("/bin/sh", "/bin/sh", NULL);
176 log_error("execl() failed: %m");
180 log_info("Successfully spawned crash shell as pid %lu.", (unsigned long) pid);
183 log_info("Freezing execution.");
187 static void install_crash_handler(void) {
192 sa.sa_handler = crash;
193 sa.sa_flags = SA_NODEFER;
195 sigaction_many(&sa, SIGNALS_CRASH_HANDLER, -1);
198 static int console_setup(bool do_reset) {
201 /* If we are init, we connect stdin/stdout/stderr to /dev/null
202 * and make sure we don't have a controlling tty. */
209 tty_fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
211 log_error("Failed to open /dev/console: %s", strerror(-tty_fd));
215 /* We don't want to force text mode.
216 * plymouth may be showing pictures already from initrd. */
217 r = reset_terminal_fd(tty_fd, false);
219 log_error("Failed to reset /dev/console: %s", strerror(-r));
221 close_nointr_nofail(tty_fd);
225 static int set_default_unit(const char *u) {
234 free(arg_default_unit);
235 arg_default_unit = c;
240 static int parse_proc_cmdline_word(const char *word) {
242 static const char * const rlmap[] = {
243 "emergency", SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET,
244 "-b", SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET,
245 "single", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
246 "-s", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
247 "s", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
248 "S", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
249 "1", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
250 "2", SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL2_TARGET,
251 "3", SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL3_TARGET,
252 "4", SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL4_TARGET,
253 "5", SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL5_TARGET,
258 if (startswith(word, "systemd.unit=")) {
261 return set_default_unit(word + 13);
263 } else if (startswith(word, "rd.systemd.unit=")) {
266 return set_default_unit(word + 16);
268 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_target=")) {
270 if (log_set_target_from_string(word + 19) < 0)
271 log_warning("Failed to parse log target %s. Ignoring.", word + 19);
273 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_level=")) {
275 if (log_set_max_level_from_string(word + 18) < 0)
276 log_warning("Failed to parse log level %s. Ignoring.", word + 18);
278 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_color=")) {
280 if (log_show_color_from_string(word + 18) < 0)
281 log_warning("Failed to parse log color setting %s. Ignoring.", word + 18);
283 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_location=")) {
285 if (log_show_location_from_string(word + 21) < 0)
286 log_warning("Failed to parse log location setting %s. Ignoring.", word + 21);
288 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.dump_core=")) {
291 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 18)) < 0)
292 log_warning("Failed to parse dump core switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 18);
296 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.crash_shell=")) {
299 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 20)) < 0)
300 log_warning("Failed to parse crash shell switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 20);
304 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.confirm_spawn=")) {
307 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 22)) < 0)
308 log_warning("Failed to parse confirm spawn switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 22);
310 arg_confirm_spawn = r;
312 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.crash_chvt=")) {
315 if (safe_atoi(word + 19, &k) < 0)
316 log_warning("Failed to parse crash chvt switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 19);
320 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.show_status=")) {
323 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 20)) < 0)
324 log_warning("Failed to parse show status switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 20);
327 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.default_standard_output=")) {
330 if ((r = exec_output_from_string(word + 32)) < 0)
331 log_warning("Failed to parse default standard output switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 32);
333 arg_default_std_output = r;
334 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.default_standard_error=")) {
337 if ((r = exec_output_from_string(word + 31)) < 0)
338 log_warning("Failed to parse default standard error switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 31);
340 arg_default_std_error = r;
341 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.setenv=")) {
345 cenv = strdup(word + 15);
349 eq = strchr(cenv, '=');
353 log_warning("unsetenv failed %m. Ignoring.");
356 r = setenv(cenv, eq + 1, 1);
358 log_warning("setenv failed %m. Ignoring.");
362 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.") ||
363 (in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd.systemd."))) {
365 log_warning("Unknown kernel switch %s. Ignoring.", word);
367 log_info("Supported kernel switches:\n"
368 "systemd.unit=UNIT Default unit to start\n"
369 "rd.systemd.unit=UNIT Default unit to start when run in initrd\n"
370 "systemd.dump_core=0|1 Dump core on crash\n"
371 "systemd.crash_shell=0|1 Run shell on crash\n"
372 "systemd.crash_chvt=N Change to VT #N on crash\n"
373 "systemd.confirm_spawn=0|1 Confirm every process spawn\n"
374 "systemd.show_status=0|1 Show status updates on the console during bootup\n"
375 "systemd.log_target=console|kmsg|journal|journal-or-kmsg|syslog|syslog-or-kmsg|null\n"
377 "systemd.log_level=LEVEL Log level\n"
378 "systemd.log_color=0|1 Highlight important log messages\n"
379 "systemd.log_location=0|1 Include code location in log messages\n"
380 "systemd.default_standard_output=null|tty|syslog|syslog+console|kmsg|kmsg+console|journal|journal+console\n"
381 " Set default log output for services\n"
382 "systemd.default_standard_error=null|tty|syslog|syslog+console|kmsg|kmsg+console|journal|journal+console\n"
383 " Set default log error output for services\n"
384 "systemd.setenv=ASSIGNMENT Set an environment variable for all spawned processes\n");
386 } else if (streq(word, "quiet"))
387 arg_show_status = false;
388 else if (!in_initrd()) {
391 /* SysV compatibility */
392 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(rlmap); i += 2)
393 if (streq(word, rlmap[i]))
394 return set_default_unit(rlmap[i+1]);
400 static int config_parse_level2(
401 const char *filename,
414 log_set_max_level_from_string(rvalue);
418 static int config_parse_target(
419 const char *filename,
432 log_set_target_from_string(rvalue);
436 static int config_parse_color(
437 const char *filename,
450 log_show_color_from_string(rvalue);
454 static int config_parse_location(
455 const char *filename,
468 log_show_location_from_string(rvalue);
472 static int config_parse_cpu_affinity2(
473 const char *filename,
492 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, rvalue, state) {
497 if (!(t = strndup(w, l)))
500 r = safe_atou(t, &cpu);
504 if (!(c = cpu_set_malloc(&ncpus)))
507 if (r < 0 || cpu >= ncpus) {
508 log_error("[%s:%u] Failed to parse CPU affinity: %s", filename, line, rvalue);
513 CPU_SET_S(cpu, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(ncpus), c);
517 if (sched_setaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(ncpus), c) < 0)
518 log_warning("Failed to set CPU affinity: %m");
526 static void strv_free_free(char ***l) {
538 static void free_join_controllers(void) {
539 if (!arg_join_controllers)
542 strv_free_free(arg_join_controllers);
543 arg_join_controllers = NULL;
546 static int config_parse_join_controllers(
547 const char *filename,
564 free_join_controllers();
566 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, length, rvalue, state) {
569 s = strndup(w, length);
573 l = strv_split(s, ",");
578 if (strv_length(l) <= 1) {
583 if (!arg_join_controllers) {
584 arg_join_controllers = new(char**, 2);
585 if (!arg_join_controllers) {
590 arg_join_controllers[0] = l;
591 arg_join_controllers[1] = NULL;
598 t = new0(char**, n+2);
606 for (a = arg_join_controllers; *a; a++) {
608 if (strv_overlap(*a, l)) {
611 c = strv_merge(*a, l);
634 t[n++] = strv_uniq(l);
636 strv_free_free(arg_join_controllers);
637 arg_join_controllers = t;
644 static int parse_config_file(void) {
646 const ConfigTableItem items[] = {
647 { "Manager", "LogLevel", config_parse_level2, 0, NULL },
648 { "Manager", "LogTarget", config_parse_target, 0, NULL },
649 { "Manager", "LogColor", config_parse_color, 0, NULL },
650 { "Manager", "LogLocation", config_parse_location, 0, NULL },
651 { "Manager", "DumpCore", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_dump_core },
652 { "Manager", "CrashShell", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_crash_shell },
653 { "Manager", "ShowStatus", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_show_status },
654 { "Manager", "CrashChVT", config_parse_int, 0, &arg_crash_chvt },
655 { "Manager", "CPUAffinity", config_parse_cpu_affinity2, 0, NULL },
656 { "Manager", "DefaultControllers", config_parse_strv, 0, &arg_default_controllers },
657 { "Manager", "DefaultStandardOutput", config_parse_output, 0, &arg_default_std_output },
658 { "Manager", "DefaultStandardError", config_parse_output, 0, &arg_default_std_error },
659 { "Manager", "JoinControllers", config_parse_join_controllers, 0, &arg_join_controllers },
660 { "Manager", "RuntimeWatchdogSec", config_parse_usec, 0, &arg_runtime_watchdog },
661 { "Manager", "ShutdownWatchdogSec", config_parse_usec, 0, &arg_shutdown_watchdog },
662 { "Manager", "CapabilityBoundingSet", config_parse_bounding_set, 0, &arg_capability_bounding_set_drop },
663 { "Manager", "TimerSlackNSec", config_parse_nsec, 0, &arg_timer_slack_nsec },
664 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitCPU", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_CPU]},
665 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitFSIZE", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_FSIZE]},
666 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitDATA", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_DATA]},
667 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitSTACK", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_STACK]},
668 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitCORE", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_CORE]},
669 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRSS", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_RSS]},
670 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNOFILE", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE]},
671 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitAS", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_AS]},
672 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNPROC", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NPROC]},
673 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitMEMLOCK", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_MEMLOCK]},
674 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitLOCKS", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_LOCKS]},
675 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitSIGPENDING",config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_SIGPENDING]},
676 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitMSGQUEUE", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE]},
677 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNICE", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NICE]},
678 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRTPRIO", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_RTPRIO]},
679 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRTTIME", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_RTTIME]},
680 { NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL }
687 fn = arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM ? SYSTEM_CONFIG_FILE : USER_CONFIG_FILE;
693 log_warning("Failed to open configuration file '%s': %m", fn);
697 r = config_parse(fn, f, "Manager\0", config_item_table_lookup, (void*) items, false, NULL);
699 log_warning("Failed to parse configuration file: %s", strerror(-r));
706 static int parse_proc_cmdline(void) {
707 char *line, *w, *state;
711 /* Don't read /proc/cmdline if we are in a container, since
712 * that is only relevant for the host system */
713 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0)
716 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", &line)) < 0) {
717 log_warning("Failed to read /proc/cmdline, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
721 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
724 if (!(word = strndup(w, l))) {
729 r = parse_proc_cmdline_word(word);
731 log_error("Failed on cmdline argument %s: %s", word, strerror(-r));
746 static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
749 ARG_LOG_LEVEL = 0x100,
758 ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS,
766 ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT,
767 ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR
770 static const struct option options[] = {
771 { "log-level", required_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_LEVEL },
772 { "log-target", required_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_TARGET },
773 { "log-color", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_COLOR },
774 { "log-location", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_LOCATION },
775 { "unit", required_argument, NULL, ARG_UNIT },
776 { "system", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SYSTEM },
777 { "user", no_argument, NULL, ARG_USER },
778 { "test", no_argument, NULL, ARG_TEST },
779 { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
780 { "version", no_argument, NULL, ARG_VERSION },
781 { "dump-configuration-items", no_argument, NULL, ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS },
782 { "dump-core", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_DUMP_CORE },
783 { "crash-shell", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_CRASH_SHELL },
784 { "confirm-spawn", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_CONFIRM_SPAWN },
785 { "show-status", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_SHOW_STATUS },
786 { "deserialize", required_argument, NULL, ARG_DESERIALIZE },
787 { "switched-root", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SWITCHED_ROOT },
788 { "introspect", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_INTROSPECT },
789 { "default-standard-output", required_argument, NULL, ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT, },
790 { "default-standard-error", required_argument, NULL, ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR, },
802 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hDbsz:", options, NULL)) >= 0)
807 if ((r = log_set_max_level_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
808 log_error("Failed to parse log level %s.", optarg);
816 if ((r = log_set_target_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
817 log_error("Failed to parse log target %s.", optarg);
826 if ((r = log_show_color_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
827 log_error("Failed to parse log color setting %s.", optarg);
831 log_show_color(true);
835 case ARG_LOG_LOCATION:
838 if ((r = log_show_location_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
839 log_error("Failed to parse log location setting %s.", optarg);
843 log_show_location(true);
847 case ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT:
849 if ((r = exec_output_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
850 log_error("Failed to parse default standard output setting %s.", optarg);
853 arg_default_std_output = r;
856 case ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR:
858 if ((r = exec_output_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
859 log_error("Failed to parse default standard error output setting %s.", optarg);
862 arg_default_std_error = r;
867 if ((r = set_default_unit(optarg)) < 0) {
868 log_error("Failed to set default unit %s: %s", optarg, strerror(-r));
875 arg_running_as = MANAGER_SYSTEM;
879 arg_running_as = MANAGER_USER;
883 arg_action = ACTION_TEST;
887 arg_action = ACTION_VERSION;
890 case ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS:
891 arg_action = ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS;
895 r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
897 log_error("Failed to parse dump core boolean %s.", optarg);
903 case ARG_CRASH_SHELL:
904 r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
906 log_error("Failed to parse crash shell boolean %s.", optarg);
912 case ARG_CONFIRM_SPAWN:
913 r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
915 log_error("Failed to parse confirm spawn boolean %s.", optarg);
918 arg_confirm_spawn = r;
921 case ARG_SHOW_STATUS:
922 r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
924 log_error("Failed to parse show status boolean %s.", optarg);
930 case ARG_DESERIALIZE: {
934 if ((r = safe_atoi(optarg, &fd)) < 0 || fd < 0) {
935 log_error("Failed to parse deserialize option %s.", optarg);
939 if (!(f = fdopen(fd, "r"))) {
940 log_error("Failed to open serialization fd: %m");
945 fclose(serialization);
952 case ARG_SWITCHED_ROOT:
953 arg_switched_root = true;
956 case ARG_INTROSPECT: {
957 const char * const * i = NULL;
959 for (i = bus_interface_table; *i; i += 2)
960 if (!optarg || streq(i[0], optarg)) {
961 fputs(DBUS_INTROSPECT_1_0_XML_DOCTYPE_DECL_NODE
964 fputs("</node>\n", stdout);
971 log_error("Unknown interface %s.", optarg);
973 arg_action = ACTION_DONE;
978 arg_action = ACTION_HELP;
982 log_set_max_level(LOG_DEBUG);
988 /* Just to eat away the sysvinit kernel
989 * cmdline args without getopt() error
990 * messages that we'll parse in
991 * parse_proc_cmdline_word() or ignore. */
996 log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
1003 if (optind < argc && getpid() != 1) {
1004 /* Hmm, when we aren't run as init system
1005 * let's complain about excess arguments */
1007 log_error("Excess arguments.");
1011 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
1014 /* All /proc/cmdline arguments the kernel didn't
1015 * understand it passed to us. We're not really
1016 * interested in that usually since /proc/cmdline is
1017 * more interesting and complete. With one exception:
1018 * if we are run in a container /proc/cmdline is not
1019 * relevant for the container, hence we rely on argv[]
1022 for (a = argv; a < argv + argc; a++)
1023 if ((r = parse_proc_cmdline_word(*a)) < 0) {
1024 log_error("Failed on cmdline argument %s: %s", *a, strerror(-r));
1032 static int help(void) {
1034 printf("%s [OPTIONS...]\n\n"
1035 "Starts up and maintains the system or user services.\n\n"
1036 " -h --help Show this help\n"
1037 " --test Determine startup sequence, dump it and exit\n"
1038 " --dump-configuration-items Dump understood unit configuration items\n"
1039 " --introspect[=INTERFACE] Extract D-Bus interface data\n"
1040 " --unit=UNIT Set default unit\n"
1041 " --system Run a system instance, even if PID != 1\n"
1042 " --user Run a user instance\n"
1043 " --dump-core[=0|1] Dump core on crash\n"
1044 " --crash-shell[=0|1] Run shell on crash\n"
1045 " --confirm-spawn[=0|1] Ask for confirmation when spawning processes\n"
1046 " --show-status[=0|1] Show status updates on the console during bootup\n"
1047 " --log-target=TARGET Set log target (console, journal, syslog, kmsg, journal-or-kmsg, syslog-or-kmsg, null)\n"
1048 " --log-level=LEVEL Set log level (debug, info, notice, warning, err, crit, alert, emerg)\n"
1049 " --log-color[=0|1] Highlight important log messages\n"
1050 " --log-location[=0|1] Include code location in log messages\n"
1051 " --default-standard-output= Set default standard output for services\n"
1052 " --default-standard-error= Set default standard error output for services\n",
1053 program_invocation_short_name);
1058 static int version(void) {
1059 puts(PACKAGE_STRING);
1061 puts(SYSTEMD_FEATURES);
1066 static int prepare_reexecute(Manager *m, FILE **_f, FDSet **_fds, bool serialize_jobs) {
1075 /* Make sure nothing is really destructed when we shut down */
1078 r = manager_open_serialization(m, &f);
1080 log_error("Failed to create serialization file: %s", strerror(-r));
1087 log_error("Failed to allocate fd set: %s", strerror(-r));
1091 r = manager_serialize(m, f, fds, serialize_jobs);
1093 log_error("Failed to serialize state: %s", strerror(-r));
1097 if (fseeko(f, 0, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
1098 log_error("Failed to rewind serialization fd: %m");
1102 r = fd_cloexec(fileno(f), false);
1104 log_error("Failed to disable O_CLOEXEC for serialization: %s", strerror(-r));
1108 r = fdset_cloexec(fds, false);
1110 log_error("Failed to disable O_CLOEXEC for serialization fds: %s", strerror(-r));
1128 static struct dual_timestamp* parse_initrd_timestamp(struct dual_timestamp *t) {
1130 unsigned long long a, b;
1134 e = getenv("RD_TIMESTAMP");
1138 if (sscanf(e, "%llu %llu", &a, &b) != 2)
1141 t->realtime = (usec_t) a;
1142 t->monotonic = (usec_t) b;
1147 static void test_mtab(void) {
1150 /* Check that /etc/mtab is a symlink */
1152 if (readlink_malloc("/etc/mtab", &p) >= 0) {
1155 b = streq(p, "/proc/self/mounts") || streq(p, "/proc/mounts");
1162 log_warning("/etc/mtab is not a symlink or not pointing to /proc/self/mounts. "
1163 "This is not supported anymore. "
1164 "Please make sure to replace this file by a symlink to avoid incorrect or misleading mount(8) output.");
1167 static void test_usr(void) {
1169 /* Check that /usr is not a separate fs */
1171 if (dir_is_empty("/usr") <= 0)
1174 log_warning("/usr appears to be on its own filesytem and is not already mounted. This is not a supported setup. "
1175 "Some things will probably break (sometimes even silently) in mysterious ways. "
1176 "Consult http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/separate-usr-is-broken for more information.");
1179 static void test_cgroups(void) {
1181 if (access("/proc/cgroups", F_OK) >= 0)
1184 log_warning("CONFIG_CGROUPS was not set when your kernel was compiled. "
1185 "Systems without control groups are not supported. "
1186 "We will now sleep for 10s, and then continue boot-up. "
1187 "Expect breakage and please do not file bugs. "
1188 "Instead fix your kernel and enable CONFIG_CGROUPS. "
1189 "Consult http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/cgroups-vs-cgroups.html for more information.");
1194 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1196 int r, retval = EXIT_FAILURE;
1197 usec_t before_startup, after_startup;
1198 char timespan[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
1200 bool reexecute = false;
1201 const char *shutdown_verb = NULL;
1202 dual_timestamp initrd_timestamp = { 0ULL, 0ULL };
1203 static char systemd[] = "systemd";
1204 bool skip_setup = false;
1206 bool loaded_policy = false;
1207 bool arm_reboot_watchdog = false;
1208 bool queue_default_job = false;
1209 char *switch_root_dir = NULL, *switch_root_init = NULL;
1211 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
1212 if (getpid() != 1 && strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "init")) {
1213 /* This is compatibility support for SysV, where
1214 * calling init as a user is identical to telinit. */
1217 execv(SYSTEMCTL_BINARY_PATH, argv);
1218 log_error("Failed to exec " SYSTEMCTL_BINARY_PATH ": %m");
1223 /* Determine if this is a reexecution or normal bootup. We do
1224 * the full command line parsing much later, so let's just
1225 * have a quick peek here. */
1226 for (j = 1; j < argc; j++)
1227 if (streq(argv[j], "--deserialize")) {
1232 /* If we have switched root, do all the special setup
1234 for (j = 1; j < argc; j++)
1235 if (streq(argv[j], "--switched-root")) {
1240 /* If we get started via the /sbin/init symlink then we are
1241 called 'init'. After a subsequent reexecution we are then
1242 called 'systemd'. That is confusing, hence let's call us
1243 systemd right-away. */
1244 program_invocation_short_name = systemd;
1245 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, systemd);
1250 log_show_color(isatty(STDERR_FILENO) > 0);
1251 log_show_location(false);
1252 log_set_max_level(LOG_INFO);
1254 if (getpid() == 1) {
1256 char *rd_timestamp = NULL;
1258 dual_timestamp_get(&initrd_timestamp);
1259 asprintf(&rd_timestamp, "%llu %llu",
1260 (unsigned long long) initrd_timestamp.realtime,
1261 (unsigned long long) initrd_timestamp.monotonic);
1263 setenv("RD_TIMESTAMP", rd_timestamp, 1);
1268 arg_running_as = MANAGER_SYSTEM;
1271 log_set_target(detect_container(NULL) > 0 ? LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL : LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL_OR_KMSG);
1274 if (selinux_setup(&loaded_policy) < 0)
1276 if (ima_setup() < 0)
1282 if (label_init(NULL) < 0)
1286 if (hwclock_is_localtime() > 0) {
1289 r = hwclock_apply_localtime_delta(&min);
1291 log_error("Failed to apply local time delta, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
1293 log_info("RTC configured in localtime, applying delta of %i minutes to system time.", min);
1297 arg_running_as = MANAGER_USER;
1298 log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_AUTO);
1302 /* Initialize default unit */
1303 r = set_default_unit(SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET);
1305 log_error("Failed to set default unit %s: %s", SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET, strerror(-r));
1309 /* By default, mount "cpu" and "cpuacct" together */
1310 arg_join_controllers = new(char**, 3);
1311 if (!arg_join_controllers)
1314 arg_join_controllers[0] = strv_new("cpu", "cpuacct", "cpuset", NULL);
1315 arg_join_controllers[1] = strv_new("net_cls", "net_prio", NULL);
1316 arg_join_controllers[2] = NULL;
1318 if (!arg_join_controllers[0])
1321 /* Mount /proc, /sys and friends, so that /proc/cmdline and
1322 * /proc/$PID/fd is available. */
1323 if (geteuid() == 0 && !getenv("SYSTEMD_SKIP_API_MOUNTS")) {
1324 r = mount_setup(loaded_policy);
1329 /* Reset all signal handlers. */
1330 assert_se(reset_all_signal_handlers() == 0);
1332 /* If we are init, we can block sigkill. Yay. */
1333 ignore_signals(SIGNALS_IGNORE, -1);
1335 if (parse_config_file() < 0)
1338 if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM)
1339 if (parse_proc_cmdline() < 0)
1342 log_parse_environment();
1344 if (parse_argv(argc, argv) < 0)
1347 if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST && geteuid() == 0) {
1348 log_error("Don't run test mode as root.");
1352 if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM &&
1353 arg_action == ACTION_RUN &&
1354 running_in_chroot() > 0) {
1355 log_error("Cannot be run in a chroot() environment.");
1359 if (arg_action == ACTION_HELP) {
1362 } else if (arg_action == ACTION_VERSION) {
1365 } else if (arg_action == ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS) {
1366 unit_dump_config_items(stdout);
1367 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1369 } else if (arg_action == ACTION_DONE) {
1370 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1374 assert_se(arg_action == ACTION_RUN || arg_action == ACTION_TEST);
1376 /* Close logging fds, in order not to confuse fdset below */
1379 /* Remember open file descriptors for later deserialization */
1380 if (serialization) {
1381 r = fdset_new_fill(&fds);
1383 log_error("Failed to allocate fd set: %s", strerror(-r));
1387 assert_se(fdset_remove(fds, fileno(serialization)) >= 0);
1389 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
1391 /* Set up PATH unless it is already set */
1393 #ifdef HAVE_SPLIT_USR
1394 "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
1396 "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin",
1398 arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM);
1400 if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM) {
1401 /* Parse the data passed to us. We leave this
1402 * variables set, but the manager later on will not
1403 * pass them on to our children. */
1405 parse_initrd_timestamp(&initrd_timestamp);
1407 /* Unset some environment variables passed in from the
1408 * kernel that don't really make sense for us. */
1412 /* When we are invoked by a shell, these might be set,
1413 * but make little sense to pass on */
1418 /* When we are invoked by a chroot-like tool such as
1419 * nspawn, these might be set, but make little sense
1422 unsetenv("LOGNAME");
1424 /* All other variables are left as is, so that clients
1425 * can still read them via /proc/1/environ */
1428 /* Move out of the way, so that we won't block unmounts */
1429 assert_se(chdir("/") == 0);
1431 if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM) {
1432 /* Become a session leader if we aren't one yet. */
1435 /* Disable the umask logic */
1439 /* Make sure D-Bus doesn't fiddle with the SIGPIPE handlers */
1440 dbus_connection_set_change_sigpipe(FALSE);
1442 /* Reset the console, but only if this is really init and we
1443 * are freshly booted */
1444 if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM && arg_action == ACTION_RUN)
1445 console_setup(getpid() == 1 && !skip_setup);
1447 /* Open the logging devices, if possible and necessary */
1450 /* Make sure we leave a core dump without panicing the
1453 install_crash_handler();
1455 if (geteuid() == 0 && !getenv("SYSTEMD_SKIP_API_MOUNTS")) {
1456 r = mount_cgroup_controllers(arg_join_controllers);
1461 if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM) {
1462 const char *virtualization = NULL;
1464 log_info(PACKAGE_STRING " running in system mode. (" SYSTEMD_FEATURES "; " DISTRIBUTION ")");
1466 detect_virtualization(&virtualization);
1468 log_info("Detected virtualization '%s'.", virtualization);
1471 log_info("Running in initial RAM disk.");
1474 log_debug(PACKAGE_STRING " running in user mode. (" SYSTEMD_FEATURES "; " DISTRIBUTION ")");
1476 if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM && !skip_setup) {
1479 if (arg_show_status || plymouth_running())
1492 if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM && arg_runtime_watchdog > 0)
1493 watchdog_set_timeout(&arg_runtime_watchdog);
1495 if (arg_timer_slack_nsec != (nsec_t) -1)
1496 if (prctl(PR_SET_TIMERSLACK, arg_timer_slack_nsec) < 0)
1497 log_error("Failed to adjust timer slack: %m");
1499 if (arg_capability_bounding_set_drop) {
1500 r = capability_bounding_set_drop(arg_capability_bounding_set_drop, true);
1502 log_error("Failed to drop capability bounding set: %s", strerror(-r));
1505 r = capability_bounding_set_drop_usermode(arg_capability_bounding_set_drop);
1507 log_error("Failed to drop capability bounding set of usermode helpers: %s", strerror(-r));
1512 if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_USER) {
1513 /* Become reaper of our children */
1514 if (prctl(PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER, 1) < 0) {
1515 log_warning("Failed to make us a subreaper: %m");
1516 if (errno == EINVAL)
1517 log_info("Perhaps the kernel version is too old (< 3.4?)");
1521 r = manager_new(arg_running_as, &m);
1523 log_error("Failed to allocate manager object: %s", strerror(-r));
1527 m->confirm_spawn = arg_confirm_spawn;
1528 m->default_std_output = arg_default_std_output;
1529 m->default_std_error = arg_default_std_error;
1530 m->runtime_watchdog = arg_runtime_watchdog;
1531 m->shutdown_watchdog = arg_shutdown_watchdog;
1533 manager_set_default_rlimits(m, arg_default_rlimit);
1535 if (dual_timestamp_is_set(&initrd_timestamp))
1536 m->initrd_timestamp = initrd_timestamp;
1538 if (arg_default_controllers)
1539 manager_set_default_controllers(m, arg_default_controllers);
1541 manager_set_show_status(m, arg_show_status);
1543 /* Remember whether we should queue the default job */
1544 queue_default_job = !serialization || arg_switched_root;
1546 before_startup = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1548 r = manager_startup(m, serialization, fds);
1550 log_error("Failed to fully start up daemon: %s", strerror(-r));
1552 /* This will close all file descriptors that were opened, but
1553 * not claimed by any unit. */
1559 if (serialization) {
1560 fclose(serialization);
1561 serialization = NULL;
1564 if (queue_default_job) {
1566 Unit *target = NULL;
1567 Job *default_unit_job;
1569 dbus_error_init(&error);
1571 log_debug("Activating default unit: %s", arg_default_unit);
1573 r = manager_load_unit(m, arg_default_unit, NULL, &error, &target);
1575 log_error("Failed to load default target: %s", bus_error(&error, r));
1576 dbus_error_free(&error);
1577 } else if (target->load_state == UNIT_ERROR)
1578 log_error("Failed to load default target: %s", strerror(-target->load_error));
1579 else if (target->load_state == UNIT_MASKED)
1580 log_error("Default target masked.");
1582 if (!target || target->load_state != UNIT_LOADED) {
1583 log_info("Trying to load rescue target...");
1585 r = manager_load_unit(m, SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET, NULL, &error, &target);
1587 log_error("Failed to load rescue target: %s", bus_error(&error, r));
1588 dbus_error_free(&error);
1590 } else if (target->load_state == UNIT_ERROR) {
1591 log_error("Failed to load rescue target: %s", strerror(-target->load_error));
1593 } else if (target->load_state == UNIT_MASKED) {
1594 log_error("Rescue target masked.");
1599 assert(target->load_state == UNIT_LOADED);
1601 if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST) {
1602 printf("-> By units:\n");
1603 manager_dump_units(m, stdout, "\t");
1606 r = manager_add_job(m, JOB_START, target, JOB_REPLACE, false, &error, &default_unit_job);
1608 log_error("Failed to start default target: %s", bus_error(&error, r));
1609 dbus_error_free(&error);
1612 m->default_unit_job_id = default_unit_job->id;
1614 after_startup = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1615 log_full(arg_action == ACTION_TEST ? LOG_INFO : LOG_DEBUG,
1616 "Loaded units and determined initial transaction in %s.",
1617 format_timespan(timespan, sizeof(timespan), after_startup - before_startup));
1619 if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST) {
1620 printf("-> By jobs:\n");
1621 manager_dump_jobs(m, stdout, "\t");
1622 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1628 r = manager_loop(m);
1630 log_error("Failed to run mainloop: %s", strerror(-r));
1634 switch (m->exit_code) {
1637 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1641 case MANAGER_RELOAD:
1642 log_info("Reloading.");
1643 r = manager_reload(m);
1645 log_error("Failed to reload: %s", strerror(-r));
1648 case MANAGER_REEXECUTE:
1650 if (prepare_reexecute(m, &serialization, &fds, true) < 0)
1654 log_notice("Reexecuting.");
1657 case MANAGER_SWITCH_ROOT:
1658 /* Steal the switch root parameters */
1659 switch_root_dir = m->switch_root;
1660 switch_root_init = m->switch_root_init;
1661 m->switch_root = m->switch_root_init = NULL;
1663 if (!switch_root_init)
1664 if (prepare_reexecute(m, &serialization, &fds, false) < 0)
1668 log_notice("Switching root.");
1671 case MANAGER_REBOOT:
1672 case MANAGER_POWEROFF:
1674 case MANAGER_KEXEC: {
1675 static const char * const table[_MANAGER_EXIT_CODE_MAX] = {
1676 [MANAGER_REBOOT] = "reboot",
1677 [MANAGER_POWEROFF] = "poweroff",
1678 [MANAGER_HALT] = "halt",
1679 [MANAGER_KEXEC] = "kexec"
1682 assert_se(shutdown_verb = table[m->exit_code]);
1683 arm_reboot_watchdog = m->exit_code == MANAGER_REBOOT;
1685 log_notice("Shutting down.");
1690 assert_not_reached("Unknown exit code.");
1698 for (j = 0; j < RLIMIT_NLIMITS; j++)
1699 free (arg_default_rlimit[j]);
1701 free(arg_default_unit);
1702 strv_free(arg_default_controllers);
1703 free_join_controllers();
1710 unsigned i, args_size;
1712 /* Close and disarm the watchdog, so that the new
1713 * instance can reinitialize it, but doesn't get
1714 * rebooted while we do that */
1715 watchdog_close(true);
1717 if (switch_root_dir) {
1718 /* Kill all remaining processes from the
1719 * initrd, but don't wait for them, so that we
1720 * can handle the SIGCHLD for them after
1722 broadcast_signal(SIGTERM, false);
1724 /* And switch root */
1725 r = switch_root(switch_root_dir);
1727 log_error("Failed to switch root, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
1730 args_size = MAX(6, argc+1);
1731 args = newa(const char*, args_size);
1733 if (!switch_root_init) {
1736 /* First try to spawn ourselves with the right
1737 * path, and with full serialization. We do
1738 * this only if the user didn't specify an
1739 * explicit init to spawn. */
1741 assert(serialization);
1744 snprintf(sfd, sizeof(sfd), "%i", fileno(serialization));
1748 args[i++] = SYSTEMD_BINARY_PATH;
1749 if (switch_root_dir)
1750 args[i++] = "--switched-root";
1751 args[i++] = arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM ? "--system" : "--user";
1752 args[i++] = "--deserialize";
1756 assert(i <= args_size);
1757 execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1760 /* Try the fallback, if there is any, without any
1761 * serialization. We pass the original argv[] and
1762 * envp[]. (Well, modulo the ordering changes due to
1763 * getopt() in argv[], and some cleanups in envp[],
1764 * but let's hope that doesn't matter.) */
1766 if (serialization) {
1767 fclose(serialization);
1768 serialization = NULL;
1776 /* Reopen the console */
1777 make_console_stdio();
1779 for (j = 1, i = 1; j < argc; j++)
1780 args[i++] = argv[j];
1782 assert(i <= args_size);
1784 if (switch_root_init) {
1785 args[0] = switch_root_init;
1786 execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1787 log_warning("Failed to execute configured init, trying fallback: %m");
1790 args[0] = "/sbin/init";
1791 execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1793 if (errno == ENOENT) {
1794 log_warning("No /sbin/init, trying fallback");
1796 args[0] = "/bin/sh";
1798 execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1799 log_error("Failed to execute /bin/sh, giving up: %m");
1801 log_warning("Failed to execute /sbin/init, giving up: %m");
1805 fclose(serialization);
1810 if (shutdown_verb) {
1811 const char * command_line[] = {
1812 SYSTEMD_SHUTDOWN_BINARY_PATH,
1818 if (arm_reboot_watchdog && arg_shutdown_watchdog > 0) {
1821 /* If we reboot let's set the shutdown
1822 * watchdog and tell the shutdown binary to
1823 * repeatedly ping it */
1824 watchdog_set_timeout(&arg_shutdown_watchdog);
1825 watchdog_close(false);
1827 /* Tell the binary how often to ping */
1828 snprintf(e, sizeof(e), "WATCHDOG_USEC=%llu", (unsigned long long) arg_shutdown_watchdog);
1831 env_block = strv_append(environ, e);
1833 env_block = strv_copy(environ);
1834 watchdog_close(true);
1837 execve(SYSTEMD_SHUTDOWN_BINARY_PATH, (char **) command_line, env_block);
1839 log_error("Failed to execute shutdown binary, freezing: %m");