1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
22 #include <dbus/dbus.h>
28 #include <sys/types.h>
34 #include <sys/prctl.h>
35 #include <sys/mount.h>
39 #include "load-fragment.h"
42 #include "conf-parser.h"
43 #include "bus-errors.h"
51 #include "path-util.h"
52 #include "switch-root.h"
53 #include "capability.h"
56 #include "mount-setup.h"
57 #include "loopback-setup.h"
58 #include "kmod-setup.h"
59 #include "hostname-setup.h"
60 #include "machine-id-setup.h"
61 #include "locale-setup.h"
63 #include "selinux-setup.h"
64 #include "ima-setup.h"
71 ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS,
73 } arg_action = ACTION_RUN;
75 static char *arg_default_unit = NULL;
76 static SystemdRunningAs arg_running_as = _SYSTEMD_RUNNING_AS_INVALID;
78 static bool arg_dump_core = true;
79 static bool arg_crash_shell = false;
80 static int arg_crash_chvt = -1;
81 static bool arg_confirm_spawn = false;
82 static bool arg_show_status = true;
83 static bool arg_switched_root = false;
84 static char **arg_default_controllers = NULL;
85 static char ***arg_join_controllers = NULL;
86 static ExecOutput arg_default_std_output = EXEC_OUTPUT_JOURNAL;
87 static ExecOutput arg_default_std_error = EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT;
88 static usec_t arg_runtime_watchdog = 0;
89 static usec_t arg_shutdown_watchdog = 10 * USEC_PER_MINUTE;
90 static struct rlimit *arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NLIMITS] = {};
91 static uint64_t arg_capability_bounding_set_drop = 0;
92 static nsec_t arg_timer_slack_nsec = (nsec_t) -1;
94 static FILE* serialization = NULL;
96 static void nop_handler(int sig) {
99 _noreturn_ static void crash(int sig) {
102 log_error("Caught <%s>, not dumping core.", signal_to_string(sig));
107 /* We want to wait for the core process, hence let's enable SIGCHLD */
109 sa.sa_handler = nop_handler;
110 sa.sa_flags = SA_NOCLDSTOP|SA_RESTART;
111 assert_se(sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL) == 0);
113 if ((pid = fork()) < 0)
114 log_error("Caught <%s>, cannot fork for core dump: %s", signal_to_string(sig), strerror(errno));
119 /* Enable default signal handler for core dump */
121 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
122 assert_se(sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) == 0);
124 /* Don't limit the core dump size */
126 rl.rlim_cur = RLIM_INFINITY;
127 rl.rlim_max = RLIM_INFINITY;
128 setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &rl);
130 /* Just to be sure... */
131 assert_se(chdir("/") == 0);
133 /* Raise the signal again */
136 assert_not_reached("We shouldn't be here...");
143 /* Order things nicely. */
144 if ((r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status)) < 0)
145 log_error("Caught <%s>, waitpid() failed: %s", signal_to_string(sig), strerror(-r));
146 else if (status.si_code != CLD_DUMPED)
147 log_error("Caught <%s>, core dump failed.", signal_to_string(sig));
149 log_error("Caught <%s>, dumped core as pid %lu.", signal_to_string(sig), (unsigned long) pid);
154 chvt(arg_crash_chvt);
156 if (arg_crash_shell) {
160 log_info("Executing crash shell in 10s...");
163 /* Let the kernel reap children for us */
165 sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
166 sa.sa_flags = SA_NOCLDSTOP|SA_NOCLDWAIT|SA_RESTART;
167 assert_se(sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL) == 0);
171 log_error("Failed to fork off crash shell: %m");
173 make_console_stdio();
174 execl("/bin/sh", "/bin/sh", NULL);
176 log_error("execl() failed: %m");
180 log_info("Successfully spawned crash shell as pid %lu.", (unsigned long) pid);
183 log_info("Freezing execution.");
187 static void install_crash_handler(void) {
192 sa.sa_handler = crash;
193 sa.sa_flags = SA_NODEFER;
195 sigaction_many(&sa, SIGNALS_CRASH_HANDLER, -1);
198 static int console_setup(bool do_reset) {
201 /* If we are init, we connect stdin/stdout/stderr to /dev/null
202 * and make sure we don't have a controlling tty. */
209 tty_fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
211 log_error("Failed to open /dev/console: %s", strerror(-tty_fd));
215 /* We don't want to force text mode.
216 * plymouth may be showing pictures already from initrd. */
217 r = reset_terminal_fd(tty_fd, false);
219 log_error("Failed to reset /dev/console: %s", strerror(-r));
221 close_nointr_nofail(tty_fd);
225 static int set_default_unit(const char *u) {
234 free(arg_default_unit);
235 arg_default_unit = c;
240 static int parse_proc_cmdline_word(const char *word) {
242 static const char * const rlmap[] = {
243 "emergency", SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET,
244 "-b", SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET,
245 "single", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
246 "-s", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
247 "s", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
248 "S", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
249 "1", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
250 "2", SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL2_TARGET,
251 "3", SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL3_TARGET,
252 "4", SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL4_TARGET,
253 "5", SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL5_TARGET,
258 if (startswith(word, "systemd.unit=")) {
261 return set_default_unit(word + 13);
263 } else if (startswith(word, "rd.systemd.unit=")) {
266 return set_default_unit(word + 16);
268 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_target=")) {
270 if (log_set_target_from_string(word + 19) < 0)
271 log_warning("Failed to parse log target %s. Ignoring.", word + 19);
273 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_level=")) {
275 if (log_set_max_level_from_string(word + 18) < 0)
276 log_warning("Failed to parse log level %s. Ignoring.", word + 18);
278 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_color=")) {
280 if (log_show_color_from_string(word + 18) < 0)
281 log_warning("Failed to parse log color setting %s. Ignoring.", word + 18);
283 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_location=")) {
285 if (log_show_location_from_string(word + 21) < 0)
286 log_warning("Failed to parse log location setting %s. Ignoring.", word + 21);
288 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.dump_core=")) {
291 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 18)) < 0)
292 log_warning("Failed to parse dump core switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 18);
296 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.crash_shell=")) {
299 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 20)) < 0)
300 log_warning("Failed to parse crash shell switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 20);
304 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.confirm_spawn=")) {
307 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 22)) < 0)
308 log_warning("Failed to parse confirm spawn switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 22);
310 arg_confirm_spawn = r;
312 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.crash_chvt=")) {
315 if (safe_atoi(word + 19, &k) < 0)
316 log_warning("Failed to parse crash chvt switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 19);
320 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.show_status=")) {
323 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 20)) < 0)
324 log_warning("Failed to parse show status switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 20);
327 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.default_standard_output=")) {
330 if ((r = exec_output_from_string(word + 32)) < 0)
331 log_warning("Failed to parse default standard output switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 32);
333 arg_default_std_output = r;
334 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.default_standard_error=")) {
337 if ((r = exec_output_from_string(word + 31)) < 0)
338 log_warning("Failed to parse default standard error switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 31);
340 arg_default_std_error = r;
341 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.setenv=")) {
345 cenv = strdup(word + 15);
349 eq = strchr(cenv, '=');
353 log_warning("unsetenv failed %m. Ignoring.");
356 r = setenv(cenv, eq + 1, 1);
358 log_warning("setenv failed %m. Ignoring.");
362 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.") ||
363 (in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd.systemd."))) {
365 log_warning("Unknown kernel switch %s. Ignoring.", word);
367 log_info("Supported kernel switches:\n"
368 "systemd.unit=UNIT Default unit to start\n"
369 "rd.systemd.unit=UNIT Default unit to start when run in initrd\n"
370 "systemd.dump_core=0|1 Dump core on crash\n"
371 "systemd.crash_shell=0|1 Run shell on crash\n"
372 "systemd.crash_chvt=N Change to VT #N on crash\n"
373 "systemd.confirm_spawn=0|1 Confirm every process spawn\n"
374 "systemd.show_status=0|1 Show status updates on the console during bootup\n"
375 "systemd.log_target=console|kmsg|journal|journal-or-kmsg|syslog|syslog-or-kmsg|null\n"
377 "systemd.log_level=LEVEL Log level\n"
378 "systemd.log_color=0|1 Highlight important log messages\n"
379 "systemd.log_location=0|1 Include code location in log messages\n"
380 "systemd.default_standard_output=null|tty|syslog|syslog+console|kmsg|kmsg+console|journal|journal+console\n"
381 " Set default log output for services\n"
382 "systemd.default_standard_error=null|tty|syslog|syslog+console|kmsg|kmsg+console|journal|journal+console\n"
383 " Set default log error output for services\n"
384 "systemd.setenv=ASSIGNMENT Set an environment variable for all spawned processes\n");
386 } else if (streq(word, "quiet"))
387 arg_show_status = false;
388 else if (!in_initrd()) {
391 /* SysV compatibility */
392 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(rlmap); i += 2)
393 if (streq(word, rlmap[i]))
394 return set_default_unit(rlmap[i+1]);
400 static int config_parse_level2(
401 const char *filename,
414 log_set_max_level_from_string(rvalue);
418 static int config_parse_target(
419 const char *filename,
432 log_set_target_from_string(rvalue);
436 static int config_parse_color(
437 const char *filename,
450 log_show_color_from_string(rvalue);
454 static int config_parse_location(
455 const char *filename,
468 log_show_location_from_string(rvalue);
472 static int config_parse_cpu_affinity2(
473 const char *filename,
492 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, rvalue, state) {
497 if (!(t = strndup(w, l)))
500 r = safe_atou(t, &cpu);
504 if (!(c = cpu_set_malloc(&ncpus)))
507 if (r < 0 || cpu >= ncpus) {
508 log_error("[%s:%u] Failed to parse CPU affinity: %s", filename, line, rvalue);
513 CPU_SET_S(cpu, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(ncpus), c);
517 if (sched_setaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(ncpus), c) < 0)
518 log_warning("Failed to set CPU affinity: %m");
526 static void strv_free_free(char ***l) {
538 static void free_join_controllers(void) {
539 if (!arg_join_controllers)
542 strv_free_free(arg_join_controllers);
543 arg_join_controllers = NULL;
546 static int config_parse_join_controllers(
547 const char *filename,
564 free_join_controllers();
566 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, length, rvalue, state) {
569 s = strndup(w, length);
573 l = strv_split(s, ",");
578 if (strv_length(l) <= 1) {
583 if (!arg_join_controllers) {
584 arg_join_controllers = new(char**, 2);
585 if (!arg_join_controllers) {
590 arg_join_controllers[0] = l;
591 arg_join_controllers[1] = NULL;
598 t = new0(char**, n+2);
606 for (a = arg_join_controllers; *a; a++) {
608 if (strv_overlap(*a, l)) {
611 c = strv_merge(*a, l);
634 t[n++] = strv_uniq(l);
636 strv_free_free(arg_join_controllers);
637 arg_join_controllers = t;
644 static int parse_config_file(void) {
646 const ConfigTableItem items[] = {
647 { "Manager", "LogLevel", config_parse_level2, 0, NULL },
648 { "Manager", "LogTarget", config_parse_target, 0, NULL },
649 { "Manager", "LogColor", config_parse_color, 0, NULL },
650 { "Manager", "LogLocation", config_parse_location, 0, NULL },
651 { "Manager", "DumpCore", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_dump_core },
652 { "Manager", "CrashShell", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_crash_shell },
653 { "Manager", "ShowStatus", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_show_status },
654 { "Manager", "CrashChVT", config_parse_int, 0, &arg_crash_chvt },
655 { "Manager", "CPUAffinity", config_parse_cpu_affinity2, 0, NULL },
656 { "Manager", "DefaultControllers", config_parse_strv, 0, &arg_default_controllers },
657 { "Manager", "DefaultStandardOutput", config_parse_output, 0, &arg_default_std_output },
658 { "Manager", "DefaultStandardError", config_parse_output, 0, &arg_default_std_error },
659 { "Manager", "JoinControllers", config_parse_join_controllers, 0, &arg_join_controllers },
660 { "Manager", "RuntimeWatchdogSec", config_parse_usec, 0, &arg_runtime_watchdog },
661 { "Manager", "ShutdownWatchdogSec", config_parse_usec, 0, &arg_shutdown_watchdog },
662 { "Manager", "CapabilityBoundingSet", config_parse_bounding_set, 0, &arg_capability_bounding_set_drop },
663 { "Manager", "TimerSlackNSec", config_parse_nsec, 0, &arg_timer_slack_nsec },
664 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitCPU", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_CPU]},
665 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitFSIZE", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_FSIZE]},
666 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitDATA", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_DATA]},
667 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitSTACK", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_STACK]},
668 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitCORE", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_CORE]},
669 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRSS", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_RSS]},
670 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNOFILE", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE]},
671 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitAS", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_AS]},
672 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNPROC", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NPROC]},
673 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitMEMLOCK", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_MEMLOCK]},
674 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitLOCKS", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_LOCKS]},
675 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitSIGPENDING",config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_SIGPENDING]},
676 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitMSGQUEUE", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE]},
677 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNICE", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NICE]},
678 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRTPRIO", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_RTPRIO]},
679 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRTTIME", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_RTTIME]},
680 { NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL }
687 fn = arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM ? SYSTEM_CONFIG_FILE : USER_CONFIG_FILE;
693 log_warning("Failed to open configuration file '%s': %m", fn);
697 r = config_parse(fn, f, "Manager\0", config_item_table_lookup, (void*) items, false, NULL);
699 log_warning("Failed to parse configuration file: %s", strerror(-r));
706 static int parse_proc_cmdline(void) {
707 char *line, *w, *state;
711 /* Don't read /proc/cmdline if we are in a container, since
712 * that is only relevant for the host system */
713 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0)
716 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", &line)) < 0) {
717 log_warning("Failed to read /proc/cmdline, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
721 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
724 if (!(word = strndup(w, l))) {
729 r = parse_proc_cmdline_word(word);
731 log_error("Failed on cmdline argument %s: %s", word, strerror(-r));
746 static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
749 ARG_LOG_LEVEL = 0x100,
758 ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS,
766 ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT,
767 ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR
770 static const struct option options[] = {
771 { "log-level", required_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_LEVEL },
772 { "log-target", required_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_TARGET },
773 { "log-color", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_COLOR },
774 { "log-location", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_LOCATION },
775 { "unit", required_argument, NULL, ARG_UNIT },
776 { "system", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SYSTEM },
777 { "user", no_argument, NULL, ARG_USER },
778 { "test", no_argument, NULL, ARG_TEST },
779 { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
780 { "version", no_argument, NULL, ARG_VERSION },
781 { "dump-configuration-items", no_argument, NULL, ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS },
782 { "dump-core", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_DUMP_CORE },
783 { "crash-shell", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_CRASH_SHELL },
784 { "confirm-spawn", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_CONFIRM_SPAWN },
785 { "show-status", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_SHOW_STATUS },
786 { "deserialize", required_argument, NULL, ARG_DESERIALIZE },
787 { "switched-root", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SWITCHED_ROOT },
788 { "introspect", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_INTROSPECT },
789 { "default-standard-output", required_argument, NULL, ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT, },
790 { "default-standard-error", required_argument, NULL, ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR, },
802 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hDbsz:", options, NULL)) >= 0)
807 if ((r = log_set_max_level_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
808 log_error("Failed to parse log level %s.", optarg);
816 if ((r = log_set_target_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
817 log_error("Failed to parse log target %s.", optarg);
826 if ((r = log_show_color_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
827 log_error("Failed to parse log color setting %s.", optarg);
831 log_show_color(true);
835 case ARG_LOG_LOCATION:
838 if ((r = log_show_location_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
839 log_error("Failed to parse log location setting %s.", optarg);
843 log_show_location(true);
847 case ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT:
849 if ((r = exec_output_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
850 log_error("Failed to parse default standard output setting %s.", optarg);
853 arg_default_std_output = r;
856 case ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR:
858 if ((r = exec_output_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
859 log_error("Failed to parse default standard error output setting %s.", optarg);
862 arg_default_std_error = r;
867 if ((r = set_default_unit(optarg)) < 0) {
868 log_error("Failed to set default unit %s: %s", optarg, strerror(-r));
875 arg_running_as = SYSTEMD_SYSTEM;
879 arg_running_as = SYSTEMD_USER;
883 arg_action = ACTION_TEST;
887 arg_action = ACTION_VERSION;
890 case ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS:
891 arg_action = ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS;
895 r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
897 log_error("Failed to parse dump core boolean %s.", optarg);
903 case ARG_CRASH_SHELL:
904 r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
906 log_error("Failed to parse crash shell boolean %s.", optarg);
912 case ARG_CONFIRM_SPAWN:
913 r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
915 log_error("Failed to parse confirm spawn boolean %s.", optarg);
918 arg_confirm_spawn = r;
921 case ARG_SHOW_STATUS:
922 r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
924 log_error("Failed to parse show status boolean %s.", optarg);
930 case ARG_DESERIALIZE: {
934 if ((r = safe_atoi(optarg, &fd)) < 0 || fd < 0) {
935 log_error("Failed to parse deserialize option %s.", optarg);
939 if (!(f = fdopen(fd, "r"))) {
940 log_error("Failed to open serialization fd: %m");
945 fclose(serialization);
952 case ARG_SWITCHED_ROOT:
953 arg_switched_root = true;
956 case ARG_INTROSPECT: {
957 const char * const * i = NULL;
959 for (i = bus_interface_table; *i; i += 2)
960 if (!optarg || streq(i[0], optarg)) {
961 fputs(DBUS_INTROSPECT_1_0_XML_DOCTYPE_DECL_NODE
964 fputs("</node>\n", stdout);
971 log_error("Unknown interface %s.", optarg);
973 arg_action = ACTION_DONE;
978 arg_action = ACTION_HELP;
982 log_set_max_level(LOG_DEBUG);
988 /* Just to eat away the sysvinit kernel
989 * cmdline args without getopt() error
990 * messages that we'll parse in
991 * parse_proc_cmdline_word() or ignore. */
996 log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
1003 if (optind < argc && getpid() != 1) {
1004 /* Hmm, when we aren't run as init system
1005 * let's complain about excess arguments */
1007 log_error("Excess arguments.");
1011 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
1014 /* All /proc/cmdline arguments the kernel didn't
1015 * understand it passed to us. We're not really
1016 * interested in that usually since /proc/cmdline is
1017 * more interesting and complete. With one exception:
1018 * if we are run in a container /proc/cmdline is not
1019 * relevant for the container, hence we rely on argv[]
1022 for (a = argv; a < argv + argc; a++)
1023 if ((r = parse_proc_cmdline_word(*a)) < 0) {
1024 log_error("Failed on cmdline argument %s: %s", *a, strerror(-r));
1032 static int help(void) {
1034 printf("%s [OPTIONS...]\n\n"
1035 "Starts up and maintains the system or user services.\n\n"
1036 " -h --help Show this help\n"
1037 " --test Determine startup sequence, dump it and exit\n"
1038 " --dump-configuration-items Dump understood unit configuration items\n"
1039 " --introspect[=INTERFACE] Extract D-Bus interface data\n"
1040 " --unit=UNIT Set default unit\n"
1041 " --system Run a system instance, even if PID != 1\n"
1042 " --user Run a user instance\n"
1043 " --dump-core[=0|1] Dump core on crash\n"
1044 " --crash-shell[=0|1] Run shell on crash\n"
1045 " --confirm-spawn[=0|1] Ask for confirmation when spawning processes\n"
1046 " --show-status[=0|1] Show status updates on the console during bootup\n"
1047 " --log-target=TARGET Set log target (console, journal, syslog, kmsg, journal-or-kmsg, syslog-or-kmsg, null)\n"
1048 " --log-level=LEVEL Set log level (debug, info, notice, warning, err, crit, alert, emerg)\n"
1049 " --log-color[=0|1] Highlight important log messages\n"
1050 " --log-location[=0|1] Include code location in log messages\n"
1051 " --default-standard-output= Set default standard output for services\n"
1052 " --default-standard-error= Set default standard error output for services\n",
1053 program_invocation_short_name);
1058 static int version(void) {
1059 puts(PACKAGE_STRING);
1061 puts(SYSTEMD_FEATURES);
1066 static int prepare_reexecute(Manager *m, FILE **_f, FDSet **_fds, bool serialize_jobs) {
1075 /* Make sure nothing is really destructed when we shut down */
1078 r = manager_open_serialization(m, &f);
1080 log_error("Failed to create serialization file: %s", strerror(-r));
1087 log_error("Failed to allocate fd set: %s", strerror(-r));
1091 r = manager_serialize(m, f, fds, serialize_jobs);
1093 log_error("Failed to serialize state: %s", strerror(-r));
1097 if (fseeko(f, 0, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
1098 log_error("Failed to rewind serialization fd: %m");
1102 r = fd_cloexec(fileno(f), false);
1104 log_error("Failed to disable O_CLOEXEC for serialization: %s", strerror(-r));
1108 r = fdset_cloexec(fds, false);
1110 log_error("Failed to disable O_CLOEXEC for serialization fds: %s", strerror(-r));
1128 static int bump_rlimit_nofile(struct rlimit *saved_rlimit) {
1132 assert(saved_rlimit);
1134 /* Save the original RLIMIT_NOFILE so that we can reset it
1135 * later when transitioning from the initrd to the main
1136 * systemd or suchlike. */
1137 if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, saved_rlimit) < 0) {
1138 log_error("Reading RLIMIT_NOFILE failed: %m");
1142 /* Make sure forked processes get the default kernel setting */
1143 if (!arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE]) {
1146 rl = newdup(struct rlimit, saved_rlimit, 1);
1150 arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE] = rl;
1153 /* Bump up the resource limit for ourselves substantially */
1154 nl.rlim_cur = nl.rlim_max = 64*1024;
1155 r = setrlimit_closest(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &nl);
1157 log_error("Setting RLIMIT_NOFILE failed: %s", strerror(-r));
1164 static struct dual_timestamp* parse_initrd_timestamp(struct dual_timestamp *t) {
1166 unsigned long long a, b;
1170 e = getenv("RD_TIMESTAMP");
1174 if (sscanf(e, "%llu %llu", &a, &b) != 2)
1177 t->realtime = (usec_t) a;
1178 t->monotonic = (usec_t) b;
1183 static void test_mtab(void) {
1186 /* Check that /etc/mtab is a symlink */
1188 if (readlink_malloc("/etc/mtab", &p) >= 0) {
1191 b = streq(p, "/proc/self/mounts") || streq(p, "/proc/mounts");
1198 log_warning("/etc/mtab is not a symlink or not pointing to /proc/self/mounts. "
1199 "This is not supported anymore. "
1200 "Please make sure to replace this file by a symlink to avoid incorrect or misleading mount(8) output.");
1203 static void test_usr(void) {
1205 /* Check that /usr is not a separate fs */
1207 if (dir_is_empty("/usr") <= 0)
1210 log_warning("/usr appears to be on its own filesytem and is not already mounted. This is not a supported setup. "
1211 "Some things will probably break (sometimes even silently) in mysterious ways. "
1212 "Consult http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/separate-usr-is-broken for more information.");
1215 static void test_cgroups(void) {
1217 if (access("/proc/cgroups", F_OK) >= 0)
1220 log_warning("CONFIG_CGROUPS was not set when your kernel was compiled. "
1221 "Systems without control groups are not supported. "
1222 "We will now sleep for 10s, and then continue boot-up. "
1223 "Expect breakage and please do not file bugs. "
1224 "Instead fix your kernel and enable CONFIG_CGROUPS. "
1225 "Consult http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/cgroups-vs-cgroups.html for more information.");
1230 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1232 int r, retval = EXIT_FAILURE;
1233 usec_t before_startup, after_startup;
1234 char timespan[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
1236 bool reexecute = false;
1237 const char *shutdown_verb = NULL;
1238 dual_timestamp initrd_timestamp = { 0ULL, 0ULL };
1239 static char systemd[] = "systemd";
1240 bool skip_setup = false;
1242 bool loaded_policy = false;
1243 bool arm_reboot_watchdog = false;
1244 bool queue_default_job = false;
1245 char *switch_root_dir = NULL, *switch_root_init = NULL;
1246 static struct rlimit saved_rlimit_nofile = { 0, 0 };
1248 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
1249 if (getpid() != 1 && strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "init")) {
1250 /* This is compatibility support for SysV, where
1251 * calling init as a user is identical to telinit. */
1254 execv(SYSTEMCTL_BINARY_PATH, argv);
1255 log_error("Failed to exec " SYSTEMCTL_BINARY_PATH ": %m");
1260 /* Determine if this is a reexecution or normal bootup. We do
1261 * the full command line parsing much later, so let's just
1262 * have a quick peek here. */
1263 for (j = 1; j < argc; j++)
1264 if (streq(argv[j], "--deserialize")) {
1269 /* If we have switched root, do all the special setup
1271 for (j = 1; j < argc; j++)
1272 if (streq(argv[j], "--switched-root")) {
1277 /* If we get started via the /sbin/init symlink then we are
1278 called 'init'. After a subsequent reexecution we are then
1279 called 'systemd'. That is confusing, hence let's call us
1280 systemd right-away. */
1281 program_invocation_short_name = systemd;
1282 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, systemd);
1287 log_show_color(isatty(STDERR_FILENO) > 0);
1289 if (getpid() == 1 && detect_container(NULL) <= 0) {
1291 /* Running outside of a container as PID 1 */
1292 arg_running_as = SYSTEMD_SYSTEM;
1294 log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_KMSG);
1298 char *rd_timestamp = NULL;
1300 dual_timestamp_get(&initrd_timestamp);
1301 asprintf(&rd_timestamp, "%llu %llu",
1302 (unsigned long long) initrd_timestamp.realtime,
1303 (unsigned long long) initrd_timestamp.monotonic);
1305 setenv("RD_TIMESTAMP", rd_timestamp, 1);
1311 if (selinux_setup(&loaded_policy) < 0)
1313 if (ima_setup() < 0)
1317 if (label_init(NULL) < 0)
1321 if (hwclock_is_localtime() > 0) {
1324 /* The first-time call to settimeofday() does a time warp in the kernel */
1325 r = hwclock_set_timezone(&min);
1327 log_error("Failed to apply local time delta, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
1329 log_info("RTC configured in localtime, applying delta of %i minutes to system time.", min);
1331 /* Do dummy first-time call to seal the kernel's time warp magic */
1332 hwclock_reset_timezone();
1334 /* Tell the kernel our time zone */
1335 r = hwclock_set_timezone(NULL);
1337 log_error("Failed to set the kernel's time zone, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
1341 /* Set the default for later on, but don't actually
1342 * open the logs like this for now. Note that if we
1343 * are transitioning from the initrd there might still
1344 * be journal fd open, and we shouldn't attempt
1345 * opening that before we parsed /proc/cmdline which
1346 * might redirect output elsewhere. */
1347 log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL_OR_KMSG);
1349 } else if (getpid() == 1) {
1351 /* Running inside a container, as PID 1 */
1352 arg_running_as = SYSTEMD_SYSTEM;
1353 log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_CONSOLE);
1356 /* For the later on, see above... */
1357 log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL);
1361 /* Running as user instance */
1362 arg_running_as = SYSTEMD_USER;
1363 log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_AUTO);
1367 /* Initialize default unit */
1368 r = set_default_unit(SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET);
1370 log_error("Failed to set default unit %s: %s", SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET, strerror(-r));
1374 /* By default, mount "cpu" and "cpuacct" together */
1375 arg_join_controllers = new(char**, 3);
1376 if (!arg_join_controllers)
1379 arg_join_controllers[0] = strv_new("cpu", "cpuacct", "cpuset", NULL);
1380 arg_join_controllers[1] = strv_new("net_cls", "net_prio", NULL);
1381 arg_join_controllers[2] = NULL;
1383 if (!arg_join_controllers[0])
1386 /* Mount /proc, /sys and friends, so that /proc/cmdline and
1387 * /proc/$PID/fd is available. */
1388 if (geteuid() == 0 && !getenv("SYSTEMD_SKIP_API_MOUNTS")) {
1389 r = mount_setup(loaded_policy);
1394 /* Reset all signal handlers. */
1395 assert_se(reset_all_signal_handlers() == 0);
1397 /* If we are init, we can block sigkill. Yay. */
1398 ignore_signals(SIGNALS_IGNORE, -1);
1400 if (parse_config_file() < 0)
1403 if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM)
1404 if (parse_proc_cmdline() < 0)
1407 log_parse_environment();
1409 if (parse_argv(argc, argv) < 0)
1412 if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST && geteuid() == 0) {
1413 log_error("Don't run test mode as root.");
1417 if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM &&
1418 arg_action == ACTION_RUN &&
1419 running_in_chroot() > 0) {
1420 log_error("Cannot be run in a chroot() environment.");
1424 if (arg_action == ACTION_HELP) {
1427 } else if (arg_action == ACTION_VERSION) {
1430 } else if (arg_action == ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS) {
1431 unit_dump_config_items(stdout);
1432 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1434 } else if (arg_action == ACTION_DONE) {
1435 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1439 assert_se(arg_action == ACTION_RUN || arg_action == ACTION_TEST);
1441 /* Close logging fds, in order not to confuse fdset below */
1444 /* Remember open file descriptors for later deserialization */
1445 if (serialization) {
1446 r = fdset_new_fill(&fds);
1448 log_error("Failed to allocate fd set: %s", strerror(-r));
1452 assert_se(fdset_remove(fds, fileno(serialization)) >= 0);
1454 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
1456 /* Set up PATH unless it is already set */
1458 #ifdef HAVE_SPLIT_USR
1459 "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
1461 "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin",
1463 arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM);
1465 if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM) {
1466 /* Parse the data passed to us. We leave this
1467 * variables set, but the manager later on will not
1468 * pass them on to our children. */
1470 parse_initrd_timestamp(&initrd_timestamp);
1472 /* Unset some environment variables passed in from the
1473 * kernel that don't really make sense for us. */
1477 /* When we are invoked by a shell, these might be set,
1478 * but make little sense to pass on */
1483 /* When we are invoked by a chroot-like tool such as
1484 * nspawn, these might be set, but make little sense
1487 unsetenv("LOGNAME");
1489 /* All other variables are left as is, so that clients
1490 * can still read them via /proc/1/environ */
1493 /* Move out of the way, so that we won't block unmounts */
1494 assert_se(chdir("/") == 0);
1496 if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM) {
1497 /* Become a session leader if we aren't one yet. */
1500 /* Disable the umask logic */
1504 /* Make sure D-Bus doesn't fiddle with the SIGPIPE handlers */
1505 dbus_connection_set_change_sigpipe(FALSE);
1507 /* Reset the console, but only if this is really init and we
1508 * are freshly booted */
1509 if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM && arg_action == ACTION_RUN)
1510 console_setup(getpid() == 1 && !skip_setup);
1512 /* Open the logging devices, if possible and necessary */
1515 /* Make sure we leave a core dump without panicing the
1518 install_crash_handler();
1520 if (geteuid() == 0 && !getenv("SYSTEMD_SKIP_API_MOUNTS")) {
1521 r = mount_cgroup_controllers(arg_join_controllers);
1526 if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM) {
1527 const char *virtualization = NULL;
1529 log_info(PACKAGE_STRING " running in system mode. (" SYSTEMD_FEATURES "; " DISTRIBUTION ")");
1531 detect_virtualization(&virtualization);
1533 log_info("Detected virtualization '%s'.", virtualization);
1536 log_info("Running in initial RAM disk.");
1539 log_debug(PACKAGE_STRING " running in user mode. (" SYSTEMD_FEATURES "; " DISTRIBUTION ")");
1541 if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM && !skip_setup) {
1544 if (arg_show_status || plymouth_running())
1557 if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM && arg_runtime_watchdog > 0)
1558 watchdog_set_timeout(&arg_runtime_watchdog);
1560 if (arg_timer_slack_nsec != (nsec_t) -1)
1561 if (prctl(PR_SET_TIMERSLACK, arg_timer_slack_nsec) < 0)
1562 log_error("Failed to adjust timer slack: %m");
1564 if (arg_capability_bounding_set_drop) {
1565 r = capability_bounding_set_drop(arg_capability_bounding_set_drop, true);
1567 log_error("Failed to drop capability bounding set: %s", strerror(-r));
1570 r = capability_bounding_set_drop_usermode(arg_capability_bounding_set_drop);
1572 log_error("Failed to drop capability bounding set of usermode helpers: %s", strerror(-r));
1577 if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_USER) {
1578 /* Become reaper of our children */
1579 if (prctl(PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER, 1) < 0) {
1580 log_warning("Failed to make us a subreaper: %m");
1581 if (errno == EINVAL)
1582 log_info("Perhaps the kernel version is too old (< 3.4?)");
1586 if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM)
1587 bump_rlimit_nofile(&saved_rlimit_nofile);
1589 r = manager_new(arg_running_as, &m);
1591 log_error("Failed to allocate manager object: %s", strerror(-r));
1595 m->confirm_spawn = arg_confirm_spawn;
1596 m->default_std_output = arg_default_std_output;
1597 m->default_std_error = arg_default_std_error;
1598 m->runtime_watchdog = arg_runtime_watchdog;
1599 m->shutdown_watchdog = arg_shutdown_watchdog;
1601 manager_set_default_rlimits(m, arg_default_rlimit);
1603 if (dual_timestamp_is_set(&initrd_timestamp))
1604 m->initrd_timestamp = initrd_timestamp;
1606 if (arg_default_controllers)
1607 manager_set_default_controllers(m, arg_default_controllers);
1609 manager_set_show_status(m, arg_show_status);
1611 /* Remember whether we should queue the default job */
1612 queue_default_job = !serialization || arg_switched_root;
1614 before_startup = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1616 r = manager_startup(m, serialization, fds);
1618 log_error("Failed to fully start up daemon: %s", strerror(-r));
1620 /* This will close all file descriptors that were opened, but
1621 * not claimed by any unit. */
1627 if (serialization) {
1628 fclose(serialization);
1629 serialization = NULL;
1632 if (queue_default_job) {
1634 Unit *target = NULL;
1635 Job *default_unit_job;
1637 dbus_error_init(&error);
1639 log_debug("Activating default unit: %s", arg_default_unit);
1641 r = manager_load_unit(m, arg_default_unit, NULL, &error, &target);
1643 log_error("Failed to load default target: %s", bus_error(&error, r));
1644 dbus_error_free(&error);
1645 } else if (target->load_state == UNIT_ERROR)
1646 log_error("Failed to load default target: %s", strerror(-target->load_error));
1647 else if (target->load_state == UNIT_MASKED)
1648 log_error("Default target masked.");
1650 if (!target || target->load_state != UNIT_LOADED) {
1651 log_info("Trying to load rescue target...");
1653 r = manager_load_unit(m, SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET, NULL, &error, &target);
1655 log_error("Failed to load rescue target: %s", bus_error(&error, r));
1656 dbus_error_free(&error);
1658 } else if (target->load_state == UNIT_ERROR) {
1659 log_error("Failed to load rescue target: %s", strerror(-target->load_error));
1661 } else if (target->load_state == UNIT_MASKED) {
1662 log_error("Rescue target masked.");
1667 assert(target->load_state == UNIT_LOADED);
1669 if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST) {
1670 printf("-> By units:\n");
1671 manager_dump_units(m, stdout, "\t");
1674 r = manager_add_job(m, JOB_START, target, JOB_REPLACE, false, &error, &default_unit_job);
1676 log_error("Failed to start default target: %s", bus_error(&error, r));
1677 dbus_error_free(&error);
1680 m->default_unit_job_id = default_unit_job->id;
1682 after_startup = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1683 log_full(arg_action == ACTION_TEST ? LOG_INFO : LOG_DEBUG,
1684 "Loaded units and determined initial transaction in %s.",
1685 format_timespan(timespan, sizeof(timespan), after_startup - before_startup));
1687 if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST) {
1688 printf("-> By jobs:\n");
1689 manager_dump_jobs(m, stdout, "\t");
1690 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1696 r = manager_loop(m);
1698 log_error("Failed to run mainloop: %s", strerror(-r));
1702 switch (m->exit_code) {
1705 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1709 case MANAGER_RELOAD:
1710 log_info("Reloading.");
1711 r = manager_reload(m);
1713 log_error("Failed to reload: %s", strerror(-r));
1716 case MANAGER_REEXECUTE:
1718 if (prepare_reexecute(m, &serialization, &fds, true) < 0)
1722 log_notice("Reexecuting.");
1725 case MANAGER_SWITCH_ROOT:
1726 /* Steal the switch root parameters */
1727 switch_root_dir = m->switch_root;
1728 switch_root_init = m->switch_root_init;
1729 m->switch_root = m->switch_root_init = NULL;
1731 if (!switch_root_init)
1732 if (prepare_reexecute(m, &serialization, &fds, false) < 0)
1736 log_notice("Switching root.");
1739 case MANAGER_REBOOT:
1740 case MANAGER_POWEROFF:
1742 case MANAGER_KEXEC: {
1743 static const char * const table[_MANAGER_EXIT_CODE_MAX] = {
1744 [MANAGER_REBOOT] = "reboot",
1745 [MANAGER_POWEROFF] = "poweroff",
1746 [MANAGER_HALT] = "halt",
1747 [MANAGER_KEXEC] = "kexec"
1750 assert_se(shutdown_verb = table[m->exit_code]);
1751 arm_reboot_watchdog = m->exit_code == MANAGER_REBOOT;
1753 log_notice("Shutting down.");
1758 assert_not_reached("Unknown exit code.");
1766 for (j = 0; j < RLIMIT_NLIMITS; j++)
1767 free(arg_default_rlimit[j]);
1769 free(arg_default_unit);
1770 strv_free(arg_default_controllers);
1771 free_join_controllers();
1778 unsigned i, args_size;
1780 /* Close and disarm the watchdog, so that the new
1781 * instance can reinitialize it, but doesn't get
1782 * rebooted while we do that */
1783 watchdog_close(true);
1785 /* Reset the RLIMIT_NOFILE to the kernel default, so
1786 * that the new systemd can pass the kernel default to
1787 * its child processes */
1788 if (saved_rlimit_nofile.rlim_cur > 0)
1789 setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &saved_rlimit_nofile);
1791 if (switch_root_dir) {
1792 /* Kill all remaining processes from the
1793 * initrd, but don't wait for them, so that we
1794 * can handle the SIGCHLD for them after
1796 broadcast_signal(SIGTERM, false);
1798 /* And switch root */
1799 r = switch_root(switch_root_dir);
1801 log_error("Failed to switch root, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
1804 args_size = MAX(6, argc+1);
1805 args = newa(const char*, args_size);
1807 if (!switch_root_init) {
1810 /* First try to spawn ourselves with the right
1811 * path, and with full serialization. We do
1812 * this only if the user didn't specify an
1813 * explicit init to spawn. */
1815 assert(serialization);
1818 snprintf(sfd, sizeof(sfd), "%i", fileno(serialization));
1822 args[i++] = SYSTEMD_BINARY_PATH;
1823 if (switch_root_dir)
1824 args[i++] = "--switched-root";
1825 args[i++] = arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM ? "--system" : "--user";
1826 args[i++] = "--deserialize";
1830 assert(i <= args_size);
1831 execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1834 /* Try the fallback, if there is any, without any
1835 * serialization. We pass the original argv[] and
1836 * envp[]. (Well, modulo the ordering changes due to
1837 * getopt() in argv[], and some cleanups in envp[],
1838 * but let's hope that doesn't matter.) */
1840 if (serialization) {
1841 fclose(serialization);
1842 serialization = NULL;
1850 /* Reopen the console */
1851 make_console_stdio();
1853 for (j = 1, i = 1; j < argc; j++)
1854 args[i++] = argv[j];
1856 assert(i <= args_size);
1858 if (switch_root_init) {
1859 args[0] = switch_root_init;
1860 execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1861 log_warning("Failed to execute configured init, trying fallback: %m");
1864 args[0] = "/sbin/init";
1865 execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1867 if (errno == ENOENT) {
1868 log_warning("No /sbin/init, trying fallback");
1870 args[0] = "/bin/sh";
1872 execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1873 log_error("Failed to execute /bin/sh, giving up: %m");
1875 log_warning("Failed to execute /sbin/init, giving up: %m");
1879 fclose(serialization);
1884 if (shutdown_verb) {
1885 const char * command_line[] = {
1886 SYSTEMD_SHUTDOWN_BINARY_PATH,
1892 if (arm_reboot_watchdog && arg_shutdown_watchdog > 0) {
1895 /* If we reboot let's set the shutdown
1896 * watchdog and tell the shutdown binary to
1897 * repeatedly ping it */
1898 watchdog_set_timeout(&arg_shutdown_watchdog);
1899 watchdog_close(false);
1901 /* Tell the binary how often to ping */
1902 snprintf(e, sizeof(e), "WATCHDOG_USEC=%llu", (unsigned long long) arg_shutdown_watchdog);
1905 env_block = strv_append(environ, e);
1907 env_block = strv_copy(environ);
1908 watchdog_close(true);
1911 execve(SYSTEMD_SHUTDOWN_BINARY_PATH, (char **) command_line, env_block);
1913 log_error("Failed to execute shutdown binary, freezing: %m");