1 <?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
2 <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
6 This file is part of systemd.
8 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
10 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
11 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
12 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
13 (at your option) any later version.
15 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
16 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
17 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
18 Lesser General Public License for more details.
20 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
21 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
24 <refentry id="systemd.swap">
26 <title>systemd.swap</title>
27 <productname>systemd</productname>
31 <contrib>Developer</contrib>
32 <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
33 <surname>Poettering</surname>
34 <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
40 <refentrytitle>systemd.swap</refentrytitle>
41 <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
45 <refname>systemd.swap</refname>
46 <refpurpose>Swap unit configuration</refpurpose>
50 <para><filename><replaceable>swap</replaceable>.swap</filename></para>
54 <title>Description</title>
56 <para>A unit configuration file whose name ends in
57 <literal>.swap</literal> encodes information about a swap device
58 or file for memory paging controlled and supervised by
61 <para>This man page lists the configuration options specific to
63 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
64 for the common options of all unit configuration files. The common
65 configuration items are configured in the generic [Unit] and
66 [Install] sections. The swap specific configuration options are
67 configured in the [Swap] section.</para>
69 <para>Additional options are listed in
70 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
71 which define the execution environment the
72 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>swapon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
73 binary is executed in, and in
74 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
75 which define the way the processes are terminated, and in
76 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
77 which configure resource control settings for the processes of the
80 <para>Swap units must be named after the devices
81 or files they control. Example: the swap device
82 <filename noindex='true'>/dev/sda5</filename> must be configured in a
83 unit file <filename>dev-sda5.swap</filename>. For details about
84 the escaping logic used to convert a file system path to a unit
86 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
88 <para>All swap units automatically get the appropriate
89 dependencies on the devices or on the mount points of the files
90 they are activated from.</para>
92 <para>Swap units with <varname>DefaultDependencies=</varname>
93 enabled implicitly acquire a conflicting dependency to
94 <filename>umount.target</filename> so that they are deactivated at
99 <title><filename>fstab</filename></title>
101 <para>Swap units may either be configured via unit files, or via
102 <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> (see
103 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
104 for details). Swaps listed in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> will
105 be converted into native units dynamically at boot and when the
106 configuration of the system manager is reloaded. See
107 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
108 for details about the conversion.</para>
110 <para>If a swap device or file is configured in both
111 <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> and a unit file, the configuration
112 in the latter takes precedence.</para>
114 <para>When reading <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> a few special
115 options are understood by systemd which influence how dependencies
116 are created for swap units.</para>
118 <variablelist class='fstab-options'>
120 <term><option>noauto</option></term>
121 <term><option>auto</option></term>
123 <listitem><para>With <option>noauto</option> the swap unit
124 will not be added as a dependency for
125 <filename>swap.target</filename>. This means that it will not
126 be activated automatically during boot, unless it is pulled in
127 by some other unit. Option <option>auto</option> has the
128 opposite meaning and is the default.</para>
133 <term><option>nofail</option></term>
135 <listitem><para>With <option>nofail</option> the swap unit
136 will be only wanted, not required by
137 <filename>swap.target</filename>. This means that the boot
138 will continue even if this swap device is not activated
146 <title>Options</title>
148 <para>Swap files must include a [Swap] section, which carries
149 information about the swap device it supervises. A number of
150 options that may be used in this section are shared with other
151 unit types. These options are documented in
152 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
154 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
155 The options specific to the [Swap] section of swap units are the
158 <variablelist class='unit-directives'>
161 <term><varname>What=</varname></term>
162 <listitem><para>Takes an absolute path of a device node or
163 file to use for paging. See
164 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>swapon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
165 for details. If this refers to a device node, a dependency on
166 the respective device unit is automatically created. (See
167 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.device</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
168 for more information.) If this refers to a file, a dependency
169 on the respective mount unit is automatically created. (See
170 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
171 for more information.) This option is
172 mandatory.</para></listitem>
176 <term><varname>Priority=</varname></term>
178 <listitem><para>Swap priority to use when activating the swap
179 device or file. This takes an integer. This setting is
180 optional.</para></listitem>
184 <term><varname>Options=</varname></term>
186 <listitem><para>May contain an option string for the swap
187 device. This may be used for controlling discard options among
188 other functionality, if the swap backing device supports the
189 discard or trim operation. (See
190 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>swapon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
191 for more information.) </para></listitem>
195 <term><varname>TimeoutSec=</varname></term>
196 <listitem><para>Configures the time to wait for the swapon
197 command to finish. If a command does not exit within the
198 configured time, the swap will be considered failed and be
199 shut down again. All commands still running will be terminated
200 forcibly via <constant>SIGTERM</constant>, and after another
201 delay of this time with <constant>SIGKILL</constant>. (See
202 <option>KillMode=</option> in
203 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.)
204 Takes a unit-less value in seconds, or a time span value such
205 as "5min 20s". Pass <literal>0</literal> to disable the
206 timeout logic. Defaults to
207 <varname>DefaultTimeoutStartSec=</varname> from the manager
208 configuration file (see
209 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>).
215 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
217 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
218 for more settings.</para>
222 <title>See Also</title>
224 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
225 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
226 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
227 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
228 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
229 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
230 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.device</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
231 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
232 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>swapon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
233 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
234 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.directives</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>