6 Fix broken firmware loader search path.
12 "udevadm trigger" defaults to "change" events now instead of "add"
13 events. The "udev boot script" might need to add "--action=add" to
14 the trigger command if not already there, in case the initial coldplug
15 events are expected as "add" events.
17 The option "all_partitons" was removed from udev. This should not be
18 needed for usual hardware. Udev can not safely make assumptions
19 about non-existing partition major/minor numbers, and therefore no
20 longer provide this unreliable and unsafe option.
22 The option "ignore_remove" was removed from udev. With devtmpfs
23 udev passed control over device nodes to the kernel. This option
24 should not be needed, or can not work as advertised. Neither
25 udev nor the kernel will remove device nodes which are copied from
26 the /lib/udev/devices/ directory.
28 All "add|change" matches are replaced by "!remove" in the rules and
29 in the udev logic. All types of events will update possible symlinks
30 and permissions, only "remove" is handled special now.
32 The modem modeswitch extra was removed and the external usb_modeswitch
33 program should be used instead.
35 New and fixed keymaps.
45 Kernels with SYSFS_DEPRECATED=y are not supported since a while. Many users
46 depend on the current sysfs layout and the information not available in the
47 deprecated layout. All remaining support for the deprecated sysfs layout is
52 Fix for a possible endless loop in the new input_id program.
58 The option "ignore_device" does no longer exist. There is no way to
59 ignore an event, as libudev events can not be suppressed by rules.
60 It only prevented RUN keys from being executed, which results in an
61 inconsistent behavior in current setups.
63 BUS=, SYSFS{}=, ID= are long deprecated and should be SUBSYSTEM(S)=,
64 ATTR(S){}=, KERNEL(S)=. It will cause a warning once for every rule
67 The support for the deprecated IDE devices has been removed from the
68 default set of rules. Distros who still care about non-libata drivers
69 need to add the rules to the compat rules file.
71 The ID_CLASS property on input devices has been replaced by the more accurate
72 set of flags ID_INPUT_{KEYBOARD,KEY,MOUSE,TOUCHPAD,TABLET,JOYSTICK}. These are
73 determined by the new "input_id" prober now. Some devices, such as touchpads,
74 can have several classes. So if you previously had custom udev rules which e. g.
75 checked for ENV{ID_CLASS}=="kbd", you need to replace this with
76 ENV{ID_INPUT_KEYBOARD}=="?*".
82 To support DEVPATH strings larger than the maximum file name length, the
83 private udev database format has changed. If some software still reads the
84 private files in /dev/.udev/, which it shouldn't, now it's time to fix it.
85 Please do not port anything to the new format again, everything in /dev/.udev
86 is and always was private to udev, and may and will change any time without
89 Multiple devices claiming the same names in /dev are limited to symlinks
90 only now. Mixing identical symlink names and node names is not supported.
91 This reduces the amount of data in the database significantly.
93 NAME="%k" causes a warning now. It's is and always was completely superfluous.
94 It will break kernel supplied DEVNAMEs and therefore it needs to be removed
97 Most NAME= instructions got removed. Kernel 2.6.31 supplies the needed names
98 if they are not the default. To support older kernels, the NAME= rules need to
99 be added to the compat rules file.
101 Symlinks to udevadm with the old command names are no longer resolved to
102 the udevadm commands.
104 The udev-acl tool got adopted to changes in ConsoleKit. Version 0.4.1 is
107 The option "last_rule" does no longer exist. Its use breaks too many
108 things which expect to be run from independent later rules, and is an idication
109 that something needs to be fixed properly instead.
111 The gudev API is no longer marked as experimental,
112 G_UDEV_API_IS_SUBJECT_TO_CHANGE is no longer needed. The gudev introspection
113 is enabled by default now. Various projects already depend on introspection
114 information to bind dynamic languages to the gudev interfaces.
120 The udevadm trigger "--retry-failed" option, which is replaced since quite
121 a while by "--type=failed" is removed.
123 The failed tracking was not working at all for a few releases. The RUN
124 option "ignore_error" is replaced by a "fail_event_on_error" option, and the
125 default is not to track any failing RUN executions.
127 New keymaps, new modem, hid2hci updated.
131 Fix possible crash in udevd when worker processes are busy, rules are
132 changed at the same time, and workers get killed to reload the rules.
138 Properties set with ENV{.FOO}="bar" are marked private by starting the
139 name with a '.'. They will not be stored in the database, and not be
140 exported with the event.
142 Firmware files are looked up in:
143 /lib/firmware/updates/$(uname -r)
144 /lib/firmware/updates
145 /lib/firmware/$(uname -r)
149 ATA devices switched the property from ID_BUS=scsi to ID_BUS=ata.
150 ata_id, instead of scsi_id, is the default tool now for ATA devices.
156 The configure options have changed because another library needs to be
157 installed in a different location. Instead of exec_prefix and udev_prefix,
158 libdir, rootlibdir and libexecdir are used. The Details are explained in
161 Event processes now get re-used after they handled an event. This reduces
162 the number of forks and the pressure on the CPU significantly, because
163 cloned event processes no longer cause page faults in the main daemon.
164 After the events have settled, a few worker processes stay around for
165 future events, all others get cleaned up.
167 To be able to use signalfd(), udev depends on kernel version 2.6.25 now.
168 Also inotify support is mandatory now to run udev.
170 The format of the queue exported by the udev damon has changed. There is
171 no longer a /dev/.udev/queue/ directory. The current event queue can be
172 accessed with udevadm settle and libudedv.
174 Libudev does not have the unstable API header anymore. From now on,
175 incompatible changes will be handled by bumping the library major version.
177 To build udev from the git tree gtk-doc is needed now. The tarballs will
178 build without it and contain the pre-built documentation. An online copy
180 http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/libudev/
182 The tools from the udev-extras repository have been merged into the main
183 udev repository. Some of the extras have larger external dependencies, and
184 they can be disabled with the configure switch --disable-extras.
190 The program vol_id and the library libvolume_id are removed from the
191 repository. Libvolume_id is merged with libblkid from the util-linux-ng
192 package. Persistent disk links for label and uuid depend on the
193 util-linux-ng version (2.15) of blkid now. Older versions of blkid
194 can not be used with udev.
196 Libudev allows to subscribe to udev events. To prevent unwanted messages
197 to be delivered, and waking up the subscribing process, a filter can be
198 installed, to drop messages inside a kernel socket filter. The filters
199 match on the <subsytem>:<devtype> properties of the device.
200 This is part of the ongoing effort to replace HAL, and switch current
201 users over to directly use libudev.
202 Libudev is still marked as experimental, and its interface might
203 eventually change if needed, but no major changes of the currently exported
204 interface are expected anymore, and a first stable release should happen
207 A too old kernel (2.6.21) or a kernel with CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED
208 is not supported since while and udevd will log an error message at
209 startup. It should still be able to boot-up, but advanced rules and system
210 services which depend on the information not available in the old sysfs
211 format will fail to work correctly.
213 DVB device naming is supplied by the kernel now. In case older kernels
214 need to be supported, the old shell script should be added to a compat
221 The processed udev events get send back to the netlink socket. Libudev
222 provides access to these events. This is work-in-progress, to replace
223 the DeviceKit daemon functionality directly with libudev. There are
224 upcoming kernel changes to allow non-root users to subcribe to these
231 "udevadm settle" now optionally accepts a range of events to wait for,
232 instead of waiting for "all" events.
238 The installed watch for block device metadata changes is now removed
239 during event hadling, because some (broken) tools may be called from udev
240 rules and (wrongly) open the device with write access. After the finished
241 event handling the watch is restored.
247 Device nodes can be watched for changes with inotify with OPTIONS="watch".
248 If closed after being opened for writing, a "change" uevent will occur.
249 /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid}/* symlinks will be automatically updated.
255 The udevadm test command has no longer a --force option, nodes and symlinks
256 are always updated with a test run now.
258 The udevd daemon can be started with --resolve-names=never to avoid all user
259 and group lookups (e.g. in cut-down systems) or --resolve-names=late to
260 lookup user and groups every time events are handled.
266 We are currently merging the Ubuntu rules in the udev default rules,
267 and get one step closer to provide a common Linux /dev setup, regarding
268 device names, symlinks, and default device permissions. On udev startup,
269 we now expect the following groups to be resolvable to their ids with
271 disk, cdrom, floppy, tape, audio, video, lp, tty, dialout, kmem.
272 LDAP setups need to make sure, that these groups are always resolvable at
273 bootup, with only the rootfs mounted, and without network access available.
275 Some systems may need to add some new, currently not used groups, or need
276 to add some users to new groups, but the cost of this change is minimal,
277 compared to the pain the current, rather random, differences between the
278 various distributions cause for upstream projects and third-party vendors.
280 In general, "normal" users who log into a machine should never be a member
281 of any such group, but the device-access should be managed by dynamic ACLs,
282 which get added and removed for the specific users on login/logout and
283 session activity/inactivity. These groups are only provided for custom setups,
284 and mainly system services, to allow proper privilege separation.
285 A video-streaming daemon uid would be a member of "audio" and "video", to get
286 access to the sound and video devices, but no "normal" user should ever belong
287 to the "audio" group, because he could listen to the built-in microphone with
288 any ssh-session established from the other side of the world.
290 /dev/serial/by-{id,path}/ now contains links for ttyUSB devices,
291 which do not depend on the kernel device name. As usual, unique
292 devices - only a single one per product connected, or a real
293 USB serial number in the device - are always found with the same
294 name in the by-id/ directory.
295 Completely identical devices may overwrite their names in by-id/
296 and can only be found reliably in the by-path/ directory. Devices
297 specified by by-path/ must not change their connection, like the
298 USB port number they are plugged in, to keep their name.
300 To support some advanced features, Linux 2.6.22 is the oldest supported
301 version now. The kernel config with enabled SYSFS_DEPRECATED is no longer
302 supported. Older kernels should still work, and devices nodes should be
303 reliably created, but some rules and libudev will not work correctly because
304 the old kernels do not provide the expected information or interfaces.
310 Fix for a possible segfault while swapping network interface names in udev
317 The group "video" is part of the default rules now.
321 Bugfix for kernels using SYSFS_DEPRECATED* option and finding parent
322 block devices in some cases. No common distro uses this option anymore,
323 and we do not get enough testing for this and recent udev versions. If
324 this option is not needed to run some old distro with a new kernel,
325 it should be disabled in the kernel config.
327 Bugfix for the $links substitution variable, which may crash if no links
328 are created. This should not happen in usual setups because we always
329 create /dev/{block,char}/ links.
331 The strings of the parsed rules, which are kept in memory, no longer
332 contain duplicate entries, or duplicate tails of strings. This, and the
333 new rules parsing/matching code reduces the total in-memory size of
334 a huge distro rule sets to 0.08 MB, compared to the 1.2MB of udev
337 The export of DEVTYPE=disk/partition got removed from the default
338 rules. This value is available from the kernel. The pnp shell script
339 modprobe hack is removed from the default rules. ACPI devices have _proper_
340 modalias support and take care of the same functionality.
341 Installations which support old kernels, but install current default
342 udev rules may want to add that to the compat rules file.
344 Libvolume_id now always probes for all known filesystems, and does not
345 stop at the first match. Some filesystems are marked as "exclusive probe",
346 and if any other filesytem type matches at the same time, libvolume_id
347 will, by default, not return any probing result. This is intended to prevent
348 mis-detection with conflicting left-over signatures found from earlier
349 file system formats. That way, we no longer depend on the probe-order
350 in case of multiple competing signatures. In some setups the kernel allows
351 to mount a volume with just the old filesystem signature still in place.
352 This may damage the new filesystem and cause data-loss, just by mounting
353 it. Because volume_id can not decide which one the correct signature is,
354 the wrong signatures need to be removed manually from the volume, or the
355 volume needs to be reformatted, to enable filesystem detection and possible
360 Fix segfault if compiled without optimization and dbg() does not get
361 compiled out and uses variables which are not available.
365 Bugfixes. (And maybe new bugs. :))
367 The rule matching engine got converted from a rule list to a token
368 array which reduced the in-memory rules representation of a full
369 featured distros with thousends of udev rules from 1.2MB to 0.12 MB.
370 Limits like 5 ENV and ATTR matches, and one single instance for most
371 other keys per rule are gone.
373 The NAME assignment is no longer special cased. If later rules assign
374 a NAME value again, the former value will be overwritten. As usual
375 for most other keys, the NAME value can be protected by doing a final
376 assignment with NAME:="<value>".
378 All udev code now uses libudev, which is also exported. The library
379 is still under development, marked as experimental, and its interface
380 may change as long as the DeviceKit integration is not finished.
382 Many thanks to Alan Jenkins for his continuous help, and finding and
383 optimizing some of the computing expensive parts.
389 Kernel devices and device nodes are connected now by reverse indizes in
390 /sys and /dev. A device number retrieved by a stat() or similar, the
391 kernel device directory can be found by looking up:
392 /sys/dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
393 and the device node of the same device by looking up:
394 /dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
398 Fix recently introduced bug, which caused a compilation without large
399 file support, where vol_id does not recognize raid signatures at the end
402 Firewire disks now create both, by-id/scsi-* and by-id/ieee-* links.
403 Seems some kernel versions prevent the creation of the ieee-* links,
404 so people used the scsi-* link which disappeared now.
406 More libudev work. Almost all udevadm functionality comes from libudev
409 udevadm trigger has a new option --type, which allows to trigger events
410 for "devices", for "subsystems", or "failed" devices. The old option
411 --retry-failed" still works, but is no longer mentioned in the man page.
417 The udevadm info --device-id-of-file= output has changed to use
418 the obvious format. Possible current users should use the --export
419 option which is not affected.
421 The old udev commands symlinks to udevadm are not installed, if
422 these symlinks are used, a warning is printed.
428 Optical drive's media is no longer probed for raid signatures,
429 reading the end of the device causes some devices to malfunction.
430 Also the offset of the last session found is used now to probe
433 The volume_id library got a major version number update to 1,
434 some deprecated functions are removed.
436 A shared library "libudev" gets installed now to provide access
437 to udev device information. DeviceKit, the successor of HAL, will
438 need this library to access the udev database and search sysfs for
440 The library is currently in an experimental state, also the API is
441 expected to change, as long as the DeviceKit integration is not
446 We use ./configure now. See INSTALL for details. Current
449 "/usr" - prefix for man pages, include files
451 "" - the root filesystem, prefix for libs and binaries
455 "lib" - directory name for libraries, not a path name
456 multilib 64bit systems may use "lib64" instead of "lib"
458 compile-in verbose debug messages
460 disable all logging and compile-out all log strings
462 link against SELInux libraries, to set the expected context
465 In the default rules, the group "disk" gets permissions 0660 instead
466 of 0640. One small step closer to unify distro rules. Some day, all
467 distros hopefully end up with the same set of rules.
469 No symlinks to udevadm are installed anymore, if they are still needed,
470 they should be provided by the package.
476 Default udev rules, which are not supposed to be edited by the user, should
477 be placed in /lib/udev/rules.d/ now, to make it clear that they are private to
478 the udev package and will be replaced with an update. Udev will pick up rule
480 /lib/udev/rules.d/ - default installed rules
481 /etc/udev/rules.d/ - user rules + on-the-fly generated rules
482 /dev/.udev/rules.d/ - temporary non-persistent rules created after bootup
483 It does not matter in which directory a rule file lives, all files are sorted
486 To help creating /dev/root, we have now:
487 $ udevadm info --export --export-prefix="ROOT_" --device-id-of-file=/
490 In case the current --device-id-of-file is already used, please switch to
491 the --export format version, it saves the output parsing and the old
492 format will be changed to use ':' as a separator, like the format in the
497 Fix cdrom_id to properly recognize blank media.
503 Tape drive id-data is queried from /dev/bsg/* instead of the tape
504 nodes. This avoids rewinding tapes on open().
510 The symlinks udevcontrol and udevtrigger are no longer installed by
513 The scsi_id program does not depend on sysfs anymore. It can speak
514 SGv4 now, so /dev/bsg/* device nodes can be used, to query SCSI device
515 data, which should solve some old problems with tape devices, where
516 we better do not open all tape device nodes to identify the device.
522 The cdrom_id program is replaced by an advanced version, which can
523 detect most common device types, and also properties of the inserted
524 media. This is part of moving some basic functionality from HAL into
525 udev (and the kernel).
531 The last WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rule is removed from the default rules.
533 The symlinks to udevadm for the debugging tools: udevmonitor and
534 udevtest are no longer created.
536 The symlinks to the udevadm man page for the old tool names are
539 Abstract namespace sockets paths in RUN+="socket:@<path>" rules,
540 should be prefixed with '@' to indicate that the path is not a
551 Udevstart is removed from the tree, it did not get installed for
552 a long time now, and is long replaced by trigger and settle.
558 All udev tools are merged into a single binary called udevadm.
559 The old names of the tools are built-in commands in udevadm now.
560 Symlinks to udevadm, with the names of the old tools, provide
561 the same functionality as the standalone tools. There is also
562 only a single udevadm.8 man page left for all tools.
564 Tools like mkinitramfs should be checked, if they need to include
565 udevadm in the list of files.
575 The etc/udev/rules.d/ directory now contains a default set of basic
576 udev rules. This initial version is the result of a rules file merge
577 of Fedora and openSUSE. For these both distros only a few specific
578 rules are left in their own file, named after the distro. Rules which
579 are optionally installed, because they are only valid for a specific
580 architecture, or rules for subsystems which are not always used are
581 in etc/udev/packages/.
587 Dynamic rules can be created in /dev/.udev/rules.d/ to trigger
588 actions by dynamically created rules.
590 SYMLINK=="<value>" matches agains the entries in the list of
591 currently defined symlinks. The links are not created in the
592 filesystem at that point in time, but the values can be matched.
594 RUN{ignore_error}+="<program>" will ignore any exit code from the
595 program and not record as a failed event.
601 Final merge of patches/features from the Ubuntu package.
607 Control characters in filesystem label strings are no longer silenty
608 removed, but hex-encoded, to be able to uniquely identify the device
609 by its symlink in /dev/disk/by-label/.
610 If libvolume_id is used by mount(8), LABEL= will work as expected,
611 if slashes or other characters are used in the label string.
613 To test the existence of a file, TEST=="<file>" and TEST!="<file>"
614 can be specified now. The TEST key accepts an optional mode mask
615 TEST{0100}=="<is executable file>".
617 Scsi_id now supports a mode without expecting scsi-specific sysfs
618 entries to allow the extraction of cciss-device persistent properties.
624 In the future, we may see uuid's which are just simple character
625 strings (see the DDF Raid Specification). For that reason vol_id now
626 exports ID_FS_UUID_SAFE, just like ID_FS_LABEL_SAFE. For things like
627 the creation of symlinks, the *_SAFE values ensure, that no control
628 or whitespace characters are used in the filename.
630 Possible users of libvolume_id, please use the volume_id_get_* functions.
631 The public struct will go away in a future release of the library.
637 Removal of useless extras/eventrecorder.sh.
647 The directory multiplexer for dev.d/ and hotplug.d are finally removed
648 from the udev package.
654 Symlinks can have priorities now, the priority is assigned to the device
655 and specified with OPTIONS="link_priority=100". Devices with higher
656 priorities overwrite the symlinks of devices with lower priorities.
657 If the device that currently owns the link, goes away, the symlink
658 will be removed, and recreated, pointing to the next device with the
659 highest actual priority. This should make /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid,id}
660 more reliable, if multiple devices contain the same metadata and overwrite
663 The dasd_id program is removed from the udev tree, and dasdinfo, with the
664 needed rules, are part of the s390-tools now.
666 Please add KERNEL=="[0-9]*:[0-9]*" to the scsi wait-for-sysfs rule,
667 we may get the scsi sysfs mess fixed some day, and this will only catch
668 the devices we are looking for.
670 USB serial numbers for storage devices have the target:lun now appended,
671 to make it possibble to distinguish broken multi-lun devices with all
672 the same SCSI identifiers.
674 Note: The extra "run_directory" which searches and executes stuff in
675 /etc/hotplug.d/ and /etc/dev.d/ is long deprecated, and will be removed
676 with the next release. Make sure, that you don't use it anymore, or
677 provides your own implementation of that inefficient stuff.
678 We are tired of reports about a "slow udev", because these directories
679 contain stuff, that runs with _every_ event, instead of using rules,
680 that run programs only for the matching events.
690 DRIVER== will match only for devices that actually have a real
691 driver. DRIVERS== must be used, if parent devices should be
692 included in the match.
694 Libvolume_id's "linux_raid" detection needed another fix.
702 Add additional check to volume_id detection of via_raid, cause
703 some company decided to put a matching pattern all over the empty
704 storage area of their music players.
708 Fix path_id for SAS devices.
712 The udev daemon can be started with --debug-trace now, which will
713 execute all events serialized to get a chance to catch a possible
714 action that crashes the box.
716 A warning is logged, if PHYSDEV* keys, the "device" link, or a parent
717 device attribute like $attr{../file} is used, only WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rules
718 are excluded from the warning. Referencing parent attributes directly
719 may break when something in the kernel driver model changes. Udev will
720 just find the attribute by walking up the parent chain.
722 Udevtrigger now sorts the list of devices depending on the device
723 dependency, so a "usb" device is triggered after the parent "pci"
728 Revert persistent-storage ata-serial '_' '-' replacement.
734 Udevtrigger can now filter the list of devices to be triggered. Matches
735 for subsystems or sysfs attributes can be specified.
737 The entries in /dev/.udev/queue and /dev/.udev/failed have changed to
738 zero-sized files to avoid pointing to /sys and confuse broken tools which
739 scan the /dev directory. To retry failed events, udevtrigger --retry-failed
742 The rules and scripts to create udev rules for persistent network
743 devices and optical drives are in the extras/rules_generator directory
744 now. If you use something similar, please consider replacing your own
745 version with this, to share the support effort. The rule_generator
746 installs its own rules into /etc/udev/rules.d.
748 The cdrom_id tool installs its own rule now in /etc/udev/rules.d, cause
749 the rule_generator depends on cdrom_id to be called in an earlier rule.
755 Renaming of some key names (the old names still work):
756 BUS -> SUBSYSTEMS, ID -> KERNELS, SYSFS -> ATTRS, DRIVER -> DRIVERS.
757 (The behavior of the key DRIVER will change soon in one of the next
758 releases, to match only the event device, please switch to DRIVERS
759 instead. If DRIVER is used, it will behave like DRIVERS, but an error
761 With the new key names, we have a more consistent and simpler scheme.
762 We can match the properties of the event device only, with: KERNEL,
763 SUBSYSTEM, ATTR, DRIVER. Or include all the parent devices in the match,
764 with: KERNELS, SUBSYSTEMS, ATTRS, DRIVERS. ID, BUS, SYSFS, DRIVER are no
765 longer mentioned in the man page and should be switched in the rule
768 ATTR{file}="value" can be used now, to write to a sysfs file of the
769 event device. Instead of:
770 ..., SYSFS{type}=="0|7|14", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo 60 > /sys$$DEVPATH/timeout'"
772 ..., ATTR{type}=="0|7|14", ATTR{timeout}="60"
774 All the PHYSDEV* keys are deprecated and will be removed from a
776 PHYDEVPATH - is the path of a parent device and should not be
778 PHYSDEVBUS - is just a SUBSYSTEM value of a parent, and can be
779 matched with SUBSYSTEMS==
780 PHYSDEVDRIVER - for bus devices it is available as ENV{DRIVER}.
781 Newer kernels will have DRIVER in the environment,
782 for older kernels udev puts in. Class device will
783 no longer carry this property of a parent and
784 DRIVERS== can be used to match such a parent value.
785 Note that ENV{DRIVER} is only available for a few bus devices, where
786 the driver is already bound at device event time. On coldplug, the
787 events for a lot devices are already bound to a driver, and they will have
788 that value set. But on hotplug, at the time the kernel creates the device,
789 it can't know what driver may claim the device after that, therefore
790 in most cases it will be empty.
792 Failed events should now be re-triggered with:
793 udevtrigger --retry-failed.
794 Please switch to this command, so we keep the details of the /dev/.udev/failed/
795 files private to the udev tools. We may need to switch the current symlink
796 target, cause some obviously broken tools try to scan all files in /dev
797 including /dev/.udev/, find the links to /sys and end up stat()'ing sysfs files
798 million times. This takes ages on slow boxes.
800 The udevinfo attribute walk (-a) now works with giving a device node
801 name (-n) instead of a devpath (-p). The query now always works, also when
802 no database file was created by udev.
804 The built-in /etc/passwd /etc/group parser is removed, we always depend on
805 getpwnam() and getgrnam() now. One of the next releases will depend on
806 fnmatch() and may use getopt_long().
810 Bugfixes and small improvements.
814 Fix path_id for recent kernels.
820 Added support for swapping network interface names, by temporarily
821 renaming the device and wait for the target name to become free.
825 The built-in MODALIAS key and substitution is removed.
829 The binary firmware helper is replaced by the usual simple
830 shell script. Udevsend is removed from the tree.
838 Some more keys require the correct use of '==' and '=' depending
839 on the kind of operation beeing an assignment or a match. Rules
840 with invalid operations are skipped and logged to syslog. Please
841 test with udevtest if the parsing of your rules throws errors and
842 fix possibly broken rules.
846 Provide "udevsettle" to wait for all current udev events to finish.
847 It also watches the current kernel netlink queue by comparing the
848 even sequence number to make sure that there are no current pending
849 events that have not already arrived in the daemon.
853 Fix rule to skip persistent rules for removable IDE devices, which
854 also skipped optical IDE drives.
856 All *_id program are installed in /lib/udev/ by default now.
858 No binary is stripped anymore as this should be done in the
859 packaging process and not at build time.
861 libvolume_id is provided as a shared library now and vol_id is
862 linked against it. Also one of the next HAL versions will require
863 this library, and the HAL build process will also require the
864 header file to be installed. The copy of the same code in HAL will
865 be removed to have only a single copy left on the system.
869 Add persistent links for SCSI tapes. The rules file is renamed
870 to 60-persistent-storage.rules.
872 Create persistent path for usb devices. Can be used for all sorts
873 of devices that can't be distinguished by other properties like
874 multiple identical keyboards and mice connected to the same box.
876 Provide "udevtrigger" program to request events on coldplug. The
877 shell script is much too slow with thousends of devices.
881 Fix persistent disk rules to exclude removable IDE drives.
883 Warn if %e, $modalias or MODALIAS is used.
887 Fix queue export, which wasn't correct for subsequent add/remove
888 events for the same device.
892 Fix cramfs detection on big endian.
894 Make WAIT_FOR_SYSFS usable in "normal" rules and silent if the whole
899 If BUS== and SYSFS{}== have been used in the same rule, the sysfs
900 attributes were only checked at the parent device that matched the
901 by BUS requested subsystem. Fix it to also look at the device we
902 received the event for.
904 Build variable CROSS has changed to CROSS_COMPILE to match the kernel
909 Fix a bug where NAME="" would prevent RUN from beeing executed.
911 RUN="/bin/program" does not longer automatically add the subsystem
912 as the first parameter. This is from the days of /sbin/hotplug
913 which is dead now and it's just confusing to need to add a space at
914 the end of the program name to prevent this.
915 If you use rules that need the subsystem as the first parameter,
916 like the old "udev_run_hotlugd" and "udev_run_devd", add the subsystem
917 to the key like RUN+="/bin/program $env{SUBSYSTEM}".
921 The udev man page has moved to udev(7) as it does not describe a command
922 anymore. The programs udev, udevstart and udevsend are no longer installed
923 by default and must be copied manually, if they should be installed or
924 included in a package.
926 Fix a bug where "ignore_device" could run earlier collected RUN keys before
927 the ignore rule was applied.
929 More preparation for future sysfs changes. usb_id and scsi_id no longer
930 depend on a magic order of devices in the /devices chain. Specific devices
931 should be requested by their subsytem.
933 This will always find the scsi parent device without depending on a specific
935 dev = sysfs_device_get(devpath);
936 dev_usb = sysfs_device_get_parent_with_subsystem(dev, "scsi");
938 The "device" link in the current sysfs layout will be automatically
939 _resolved_ as a parent and in the new sysfs layout it will just _be_ the
940 parent in the devpath. If a device is requested by it's symlink, like all
941 class devices in the new sysfs layout will look like, it gets automatically
942 resolved and substituted with the real devpath and not the symlink path.
945 A similar logic must be applied to _all_ sysfs users, including
946 scripts, that search along parent devices in sysfs. The explicit use of
947 the "device" link must be avoided. With the future sysfs layout all
948 DEVPATH's will start with /devices/ and have a "subsystem" symlink poiting
949 back to the "class" or the "bus". The layout of the parent devices in
950 /devices is not necessarily expected to be stable across kernel releases and
951 searching for parents by their subsystem should make sysfs users tolerant
952 for changed parent chains.
956 Prepare udev to work with the experimental kernel patch, that moves
957 /sys/class devices to /sys/devices and /sys/block to /sys/class/block.
959 Clarify BUS, ID, $id usage and fix $id behavior. This prepares for
960 moving the class devices to /sys/devices.
962 Thanks again to Marco for help finding a hopefully nice compromise
963 to make %b simpler and working again.
967 Complete removal of libsysfs, replaced by simple helper functions
968 which are much simpler and a bit faster. The udev daemon operatesentirely
969 on event parameters and does not use sysfs for simple rules anymore.
970 Please report any new bugs/problems, that may be caused by this big
971 change. They will be fixed immediately.
973 The enumeration format character '%e' is deprecated and will be
974 removed sometimes from a future udev version. It never worked correctly
975 outside of udevstart, so we can't use it with the new parallel
976 coldplug. A simple enumeration is as useless as the devfs naming
977 scheme, just get rid of both if you still use it.
979 MODALIAS and $modalias is not needed and will be removed from one of
980 the next udev versions, replace it in all rules with ENV{MODALIAS} or
981 the sysfs "modalias" value.
983 Thanks a lot to Marco for all his help on finding and fixing bugs.
987 Let scsi_id request libata drive serial numbers from page 0x80.
989 Renamed etc/udev/persistent.rules to persistent-disk.rules and
990 added /dev/disk/by-name/* for device mapper device names.
992 Removed %e from the man page. It never worked reliably outside
993 of udevstart and udevstart is no longer recommended to use.
997 Symlinks are now exported to the event environment. Hopefully it's no
998 longer needed to run udevinfo from an event process, like it was
999 mentioned on the hotplug list:
1000 UDEV [1134776873.702967] add@/block/sdb
1003 DEVLINKS=/dev/disk/by-id/usb-IBM_Memory_Key_0218B301030027E8 /dev/disk/by-path/usb-0218B301030027E8:0:0:0
1007 Fix a problem if udevsend is used as the hotplug handler and tries to use
1008 syslog, which causes a "vc" event loop. 2.6.15 will make udevsend obsolete
1009 and this kind of problems will hopefully go away soon.
1013 All built-in logic to work around bad sysfs timing is removed with this
1014 version. The need to wait for sysfs files is almost fixed with a kernel
1015 version that doesn't work with this udev version anyway. Until we fix
1016 the timing of the "bus" link creation, the former integrated logic should
1017 be emulated by a rule placed before all other rules:
1018 ACTION=="add", DEVPATH=="/devices/*", ENV{PHYSDEVBUS}=="?*", WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="bus"
1020 The option "udev_db" does no longer exist. All udev state will be in
1021 /$udev_root/.udev/ now, there is no longer an option to set this
1023 If the init script or something else used this value, just depend on
1024 this hardcoded path. But remember _all_content_ of this directory is
1025 still private to udev and can change at any time.
1027 Default location for rule sripts and helper programs is now: /lib/udev/.
1028 Everything that is not useful on the commandline should go into this
1029 directory. Some of the helpers in the extras folder are installed there
1030 now. The rules need to be changed, to find the helpers there.
1032 Also /lib/udev/devices is recommended as a directory where packages or
1033 the user can place real device nodes, which get copied over to /dev at
1034 every boot. This should replace the various solutions with custom config
1037 Udevsend does no longer start the udev daemon. This must be done with
1038 the init script that prepares /dev on tmpfs and creates the initial nodes,
1039 before starting the daemon.
1043 Silent a too verbose error logging for the old hotplug.d/ dev.d/
1046 The copy of klibc is removed. A systemwide installed version of klibc
1047 should be used to build a klibc udev now.
1051 NAME="" will not create any nodes, but execute RUN keys. To completely
1052 ignore an event the OPTION "ignore_device" should be used.
1054 After removal of the reorder queue, events with a TIMEOUT can be executed
1055 without any queuing now.
1059 Fixed bug in udevd, if inotify is not available. We depend on netlink
1060 uevents now, kernels without that event source will not work with that
1061 version of udev anymore.
1065 The rule parsing happens now in the daemon once at startup, all udev
1066 event processes inherit the already parsed rules from the daemon.
1067 It is shipped with SUSE10.0 and reduces heavily the system load at
1068 startup. The option to save precompiled rules and let the udev process
1069 pick the them up is removed, as it's no longer needed.
1071 Kernel 2.6.15 will have symlinks at /class/input pointing to the real
1072 device. Libsysfs is changed to "translate" the requested link into the
1073 real device path, as it would happen with the hotplug event. Otherwise
1074 device removal and the udev database will not work.
1076 Using 'make STRIPCMD=' will leave the binaries unstripped for debugging
1079 A few improvements for vol_id, the filesytem probing code.
1083 Fix a stupid typo in extras/run_directory for "make install".
1085 scsi_id creates the temporary devnode now in /dev for usage with a
1086 non-writable /tmp directory.
1088 The uevent kernel socket buffer can carry app. 50.000 events now,
1089 let's see who can break this again. :)
1091 The upcoming kernel will have a new input driver core integration.
1092 Some class devices are now symlinks to the real device. libsysfs
1093 needs a fix for this to work correctly. Udevstart of older udev
1094 versions will _not_ create these devices!
1098 Fix a 'install' target in the Makefile, that prevents EXTRAS from
1103 A bunch of mostly trivial bugfixes. From now on no node name or
1104 symlink name can contain any character than plain whitelisted ascii
1105 characters or validated utf8 byte-streams. This is needed for the
1106 /dev/disk/by-label/* links, because we import untrusted data and
1107 export it to the filesystem.
1111 More bugfixes. If udevd was started from the kernel, we don't
1112 have stdin/stdout/stderr, which broke the forked tools in some
1117 Bugfix. udevstart event ordering was broken for a long time.
1118 The new run_program() uncovered it, because /dev/null was not
1119 available while we try to run external programs.
1120 Now udevstart should create it before we run anything.
1124 Minor bugfixes and some distro rules updates. If you don't have the
1125 persistent disk rules in /dev/disk/by-*/* on your distro, just
1126 grab it from here. :)
1130 We can use socket communication now to pass events from udev to
1132 RUN+="socket:/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event"
1133 will pass the whole udev event to the HAL daemon without the need
1134 for a forked helper. (See ChangeLog for udevmonitor, as an example)
1138 Mostly bugfixes and see ChangeLog.
1140 The test for the existence of an environment value should be
1142 ENV{KEY}=="*" to ENV{KEY}=="?*"
1143 because "*" will not fail anymore, if the key does not exist or
1148 Bugfixes and a few tweaks described in the ChangeLog.
1152 Mostly a Bugfix release.
1154 Added WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="<attribute>" to be able to fight against the sysfs
1155 timing with custom rules.
1159 We changed the internal rule storage format. Our large rule files took
1160 2 MB of RAM, with the change we are down to 99kB.
1162 If the device-node has been created with default name and no symlink or
1163 options are to remenber, it is not longer stored in the udevdb. HAL will
1164 need to be updated to work correctly with that change.
1166 To overrride optimization flags, OPTFLAGS may be used now.
1174 Major changes happened with this release. The goal is to take over the
1175 complete kernel-event handling and provide a more efficient way to dispatch
1176 kernel events. Replacing most of the current shell script logic and the
1177 kernel forked helper with a netlink-daemon and a rule-based event handling.
1179 o udevd listens to netlink events now. The first valid netlink event
1180 will make udevd ignore any message from udevsend that contains a
1181 SEQNUM, to avoid duplicate events. The forked events can be disabled
1183 echo "" > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
1184 For full support, the broken input-subsytem needs to be fixed, not to
1185 bypass the driver core.
1187 o /etc/dev.d/ + /etc/hotplug.d/ directory multiplexing is completely
1188 removed from udev itself and must be emulated by calling small
1189 helper binaries provided in the extras folder:
1190 make EXTRAS=extras/run_directory/
1191 will build udev_run_devd and udev_run_hotplugd, which can be called
1192 from a rule if needed:
1193 RUN+="/sbin/udev_run_hotplugd"
1194 The recommended way to handle this is to convert all the calls from
1195 the directories to explicit udev rules and get completely rid of the
1196 multiplexing. (To catch a ttyUSB event, you now no longer need to
1197 fork and exit 300 tty script instances you are not interested in, it
1198 is just one rule that matches exactly the device.)
1200 o udev handles now _all_ events not just events for class and block
1201 devices, this way it is possible to control the complete event
1202 behavior with udev rules. Especially useful for rules like:
1203 ACTION="add", DEVPATH="/devices/*", MODALIAS=="?*", RUN+="/sbin/modprobe $modalias"
1205 o As used in the modalias rule, udev supports now textual
1206 substitution placeholder along with the usual format chars. This
1207 needs to be documented, for now it's only visible in udev_rules_parse.c.
1209 o The rule keys support now more operations. This is documented in the
1210 man page. It is possible to add values to list-keys like the SYMLINK
1211 and RUN list with KEY+="value" and to clear the list by assigning KEY="".
1212 Also "final"-assignments are supported by using KEY:="value", which will
1213 prevent changing the key by any later rule.
1215 o kernel 2.6.12 has the "detached_state" attribute removed from
1216 sysfs, which was used to recognize sysfs population. We switched that
1217 to wait for the "bus" link, which is only available in kernels after 2.6.11.
1218 Running this udev version on older kernels may cause a short delay for
1221 o To provide infrastructure for persistent device naming, the id programs:
1222 scsi_id, vol_id (former udev_volume_id), and ata_id (new) are able now
1223 to export the probed data in environment key format:
1224 pim:~ # /sbin/ata_id --export /dev/hda
1225 ID_MODEL=HTS726060M9AT00
1226 ID_SERIAL=MRH401M4G6UM9B
1227 ID_REVISION=MH4OA6BA
1229 The following rules:
1230 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", IMPORT="/sbin/ata_id --export $tempnode"
1231 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", ENV{ID_SERIAL}=="?*", SYMLINK+="disk/by-id/$env{ID_MODEL}_$env{ID_SERIAL}"
1234 kay@pim:~> tree /dev/disk
1237 | |-- HTS726060M9AT00_MRH401M4G6UM9B -> ../../hda
1238 | `-- IBM-Memory_Key -> ../../sda
1240 | |-- swap -> ../../hda1
1241 | |-- date -> ../../sda1
1242 | `-- home -> ../../hda3
1244 |-- 2E08712B0870F2E7 -> ../../hda3
1245 |-- 9352cfef-7687-47bc-a2a3-34cf136f72e1 -> ../../hda1
1246 |-- E845-7A89 -> ../../sda1
1247 `-- b2a61681-3812-4f13-a4ff-920d70604299 -> ../../hda2
1249 The IMPORT= operation will import these keys in the environment and make
1250 it available for later PROGRAM= and RUN= executed programs. The keys are
1251 also stored in the udevdb and can be queried from there with one of the
1254 o A few binaries are silently added to the repository, which can be used
1255 to replay kernel events from initramfs instead of using coldplug. udevd
1256 can be instructed now to queue-up events while the stored events from
1257 initramfs are filled into the udevd-queue. This code is still under
1258 development and there is no documentation now besides the code itself.
1259 The additional binaries get compiled, but are not installed by default.
1261 o There is also a temporary fix for a performance problem where too many
1262 events happen in parallel and every event needs to parse the rules.
1263 udev can now read precompiled rules stored on disk. This is likely to be
1264 replaced by a more elegant solution in a future udev version.
1268 With kernel version 2.6.12, the sysfs file "detached_state" was removed.
1269 Fix for libsysfs not to expect this file was added.
1273 All rules are applied now, but only the first matching rule with a NAME-key
1274 will be applied. All later rules with NAME-key are completely ignored. This
1275 way system supplied symlinks or permissions gets applied to user-defined
1279 Please check your rules setup, if you may need to add OPTIONS="last_rule"
1280 to some rules, to keep the old behavior.
1282 The rules are read on "remove"-events too. That makes is possible to match
1283 with keys that are available on remove (KERNEL, SUBSYSTEM, ID, ENV, ...) to
1284 instruct udev to ignore an event (OPTIONS="ignore_device").
1285 The new ACTION-key may be used to let a rule act only at a "remove"-event.
1287 The new RUN-key supports rule-based execution of programs after device-node
1288 handling. This is meant as a general replacement for the dev.d/-directories
1289 to give fine grained control over the execution of programs.
1291 The %s{}-sysfs format char replacement values are searched at any of the
1292 devices in the device chain now, not only at the class-device.
1294 We support log priority levels now. The value udev_log in udev.conf is used
1295 to determine what is printed to syslog. This makes it possible to
1296 run a version with compiled-in debug messages in a production environment
1297 which is sometimes needed to find a bug.
1298 It is still possible to supress the inclusion of _any_ syslog usage with
1299 USE_LOG=false to create the smallest possible binaries if needed.
1300 The configured udev_log value can be overridden with the environment variable
1305 Possible use of a system-wide klibc:
1306 make USE_KLIBC=true KLCC=/usr/bin/klcc all
1307 will link against an external klibc and our own version will be ignored.
1311 We support an unlimited count of symlinks now.
1313 If USE_STATIC=true is passed to a glibc build, we link statically and use
1314 a built-in userdb parser to resolve user and group names.
1316 The PLACE= key is gone. It can be replaced by an ID= for a long time, because
1317 we walk up the chain of physical devices to find a match.
1319 The KEY="<value>" format supports '=', '==', '!=,' , '+=' now. This makes it
1320 easy to skip certain attribute matches without composing rules with weird
1321 character class negations like:
1322 KERNEL="[!s][!c][!d]*"
1323 this can now be replaced with:
1325 The current simple '=' is still supported, and should work as it does today,
1326 but existing rules should be converted if possible, to be better readable.
1328 We have new ENV{}== key now, to match against a maximum of 5 environment
1331 udevstart is its own binary again, because we don't need co carry this araound
1332 with every forked event.