5 "udevadm trigger" default to "change" events now, instead of "add"
8 All "add|change" matches are replaced by "!remove" in the rules and
9 in the udev logic. All types of events will update possible symlinks
10 and permissions, only "remove" is handled special now.
12 The modem mode switch extra was removed and the external usb_modeswitch
13 program should be used instead.
15 New and fixed keymaps.
25 Kernels with SYSFS_DEPRECATED=y are not supported since a while. Many users
26 depend on the current sysfs layout and the information not available in the
27 deprecated layout. All remaining support for the deprecated sysfs layout is
32 Fix for a possible endless loop in the new input_id program.
38 The option "ignore_device" does no longer exist. There is no way to
39 ignore an event, as libudev events can not be suppressed by rules.
40 It only prevented RUN keys from being executed, which results in an
41 inconsistent behavior in current setups.
43 BUS=, SYSFS{}=, ID= are long deprecated and should be SUBSYSTEM(S)=,
44 ATTR(S){}=, KERNEL(S)=. It will cause a warning once for every rule
47 The support for the deprecated IDE devices has been removed from the
48 default set of rules. Distros who still care about non-libata drivers
49 need to add the rules to the compat rules file.
51 The ID_CLASS property on input devices has been replaced by the more accurate
52 set of flags ID_INPUT_{KEYBOARD,KEY,MOUSE,TOUCHPAD,TABLET,JOYSTICK}. These are
53 determined by the new "input_id" prober now. Some devices, such as touchpads,
54 can have several classes. So if you previously had custom udev rules which e. g.
55 checked for ENV{ID_CLASS}=="kbd", you need to replace this with
56 ENV{ID_INPUT_KEYBOARD}=="?*".
62 To support DEVPATH strings larger than the maximum file name length, the
63 private udev database format has changed. If some software still reads the
64 private files in /dev/.udev/, which it shouldn't, now it's time to fix it.
65 Please do not port anything to the new format again, everything in /dev/.udev
66 is and always was private to udev, and may and will change any time without
69 Multiple devices claiming the same names in /dev are limited to symlinks
70 only now. Mixing identical symlink names and node names is not supported.
71 This reduces the amount of data in the database significantly.
73 NAME="%k" causes a warning now. It's is and always was completely superfluous.
74 It will break kernel supplied DEVNAMEs and therefore it needs to be removed
77 Most NAME= instructions got removed. Kernel 2.6.31 supplies the needed names
78 if they are not the default. To support older kernels, the NAME= rules need to
79 be added to the compat rules file.
81 Symlinks to udevadm with the old command names are no longer resolved to
84 The udev-acl tool got adopted to changes in ConsoleKit. Version 0.4.1 is
87 The option "last_rule" does no longer exist. Its use breaks too many
88 things which expect to be run from independent later rules, and is an idication
89 that something needs to be fixed properly instead.
91 The gudev API is no longer marked as experimental,
92 G_UDEV_API_IS_SUBJECT_TO_CHANGE is no longer needed. The gudev introspection
93 is enabled by default now. Various projects already depend on introspection
94 information to bind dynamic languages to the gudev interfaces.
100 The udevadm trigger "--retry-failed" option, which is replaced since quite
101 a while by "--type=failed" is removed.
103 The failed tracking was not working at all for a few releases. The RUN
104 option "ignore_error" is replaced by a "fail_event_on_error" option, and the
105 default is not to track any failing RUN executions.
107 New keymaps, new modem, hid2hci updated.
111 Fix possible crash in udevd when worker processes are busy, rules are
112 changed at the same time, and workers get killed to reload the rules.
118 Properties set with ENV{.FOO}="bar" are marked private by starting the
119 name with a '.'. They will not be stored in the database, and not be
120 exported with the event.
122 Firmware files are looked up in:
123 /lib/firmware/updates/$(uname -r)
124 /lib/firmware/updates
125 /lib/firmware/$(uname -r)
129 ATA devices switched the property from ID_BUS=scsi to ID_BUS=ata.
130 ata_id, instead of scsi_id, is the default tool now for ATA devices.
136 The configure options have changed because another library needs to be
137 installed in a different location. Instead of exec_prefix and udev_prefix,
138 libdir, rootlibdir and libexecdir are used. The Details are explained in
141 Event processes now get re-used after they handled an event. This reduces
142 the number of forks and the pressure on the CPU significantly, because
143 cloned event processes no longer cause page faults in the main daemon.
144 After the events have settled, a few worker processes stay around for
145 future events, all others get cleaned up.
147 To be able to use signalfd(), udev depends on kernel version 2.6.25 now.
148 Also inotify support is mandatory now to run udev.
150 The format of the queue exported by the udev damon has changed. There is
151 no longer a /dev/.udev/queue/ directory. The current event queue can be
152 accessed with udevadm settle and libudedv.
154 Libudev does not have the unstable API header anymore. From now on,
155 incompatible changes will be handled by bumping the library major version.
157 To build udev from the git tree gtk-doc is needed now. The tarballs will
158 build without it and contain the pre-built documentation. An online copy
160 http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/libudev/
162 The tools from the udev-extras repository have been merged into the main
163 udev repository. Some of the extras have larger external dependencies, and
164 they can be disabled with the configure switch --disable-extras.
170 The program vol_id and the library libvolume_id are removed from the
171 repository. Libvolume_id is merged with libblkid from the util-linux-ng
172 package. Persistent disk links for label and uuid depend on the
173 util-linux-ng version (2.15) of blkid now. Older versions of blkid
174 can not be used with udev.
176 Libudev allows to subscribe to udev events. To prevent unwanted messages
177 to be delivered, and waking up the subscribing process, a filter can be
178 installed, to drop messages inside a kernel socket filter. The filters
179 match on the <subsytem>:<devtype> properties of the device.
180 This is part of the ongoing effort to replace HAL, and switch current
181 users over to directly use libudev.
182 Libudev is still marked as experimental, and its interface might
183 eventually change if needed, but no major changes of the currently exported
184 interface are expected anymore, and a first stable release should happen
187 A too old kernel (2.6.21) or a kernel with CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED
188 is not supported since while and udevd will log an error message at
189 startup. It should still be able to boot-up, but advanced rules and system
190 services which depend on the information not available in the old sysfs
191 format will fail to work correctly.
193 DVB device naming is supplied by the kernel now. In case older kernels
194 need to be supported, the old shell script should be added to a compat
201 The processed udev events get send back to the netlink socket. Libudev
202 provides access to these events. This is work-in-progress, to replace
203 the DeviceKit daemon functionality directly with libudev. There are
204 upcoming kernel changes to allow non-root users to subcribe to these
211 "udevadm settle" now optionally accepts a range of events to wait for,
212 instead of waiting for "all" events.
218 The installed watch for block device metadata changes is now removed
219 during event hadling, because some (broken) tools may be called from udev
220 rules and (wrongly) open the device with write access. After the finished
221 event handling the watch is restored.
227 Device nodes can be watched for changes with inotify with OPTIONS="watch".
228 If closed after being opened for writing, a "change" uevent will occur.
229 /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid}/* symlinks will be automatically updated.
235 The udevadm test command has no longer a --force option, nodes and symlinks
236 are always updated with a test run now.
238 The udevd daemon can be started with --resolve-names=never to avoid all user
239 and group lookups (e.g. in cut-down systems) or --resolve-names=late to
240 lookup user and groups every time events are handled.
246 We are currently merging the Ubuntu rules in the udev default rules,
247 and get one step closer to provide a common Linux /dev setup, regarding
248 device names, symlinks, and default device permissions. On udev startup,
249 we now expect the following groups to be resolvable to their ids with
251 disk, cdrom, floppy, tape, audio, video, lp, tty, dialout, kmem.
252 LDAP setups need to make sure, that these groups are always resolvable at
253 bootup, with only the rootfs mounted, and without network access available.
255 Some systems may need to add some new, currently not used groups, or need
256 to add some users to new groups, but the cost of this change is minimal,
257 compared to the pain the current, rather random, differences between the
258 various distributions cause for upstream projects and third-party vendors.
260 In general, "normal" users who log into a machine should never be a member
261 of any such group, but the device-access should be managed by dynamic ACLs,
262 which get added and removed for the specific users on login/logout and
263 session activity/inactivity. These groups are only provided for custom setups,
264 and mainly system services, to allow proper privilege separation.
265 A video-streaming daemon uid would be a member of "audio" and "video", to get
266 access to the sound and video devices, but no "normal" user should ever belong
267 to the "audio" group, because he could listen to the built-in microphone with
268 any ssh-session established from the other side of the world.
270 /dev/serial/by-{id,path}/ now contains links for ttyUSB devices,
271 which do not depend on the kernel device name. As usual, unique
272 devices - only a single one per product connected, or a real
273 USB serial number in the device - are always found with the same
274 name in the by-id/ directory.
275 Completely identical devices may overwrite their names in by-id/
276 and can only be found reliably in the by-path/ directory. Devices
277 specified by by-path/ must not change their connection, like the
278 USB port number they are plugged in, to keep their name.
280 To support some advanced features, Linux 2.6.22 is the oldest supported
281 version now. The kernel config with enabled SYSFS_DEPRECATED is no longer
282 supported. Older kernels should still work, and devices nodes should be
283 reliably created, but some rules and libudev will not work correctly because
284 the old kernels do not provide the expected information or interfaces.
290 Fix for a possible segfault while swapping network interface names in udev
297 The group "video" is part of the default rules now.
301 Bugfix for kernels using SYSFS_DEPRECATED* option and finding parent
302 block devices in some cases. No common distro uses this option anymore,
303 and we do not get enough testing for this and recent udev versions. If
304 this option is not needed to run some old distro with a new kernel,
305 it should be disabled in the kernel config.
307 Bugfix for the $links substitution variable, which may crash if no links
308 are created. This should not happen in usual setups because we always
309 create /dev/{block,char}/ links.
311 The strings of the parsed rules, which are kept in memory, no longer
312 contain duplicate entries, or duplicate tails of strings. This, and the
313 new rules parsing/matching code reduces the total in-memory size of
314 a huge distro rule sets to 0.08 MB, compared to the 1.2MB of udev
317 The export of DEVTYPE=disk/partition got removed from the default
318 rules. This value is available from the kernel. The pnp shell script
319 modprobe hack is removed from the default rules. ACPI devices have _proper_
320 modalias support and take care of the same functionality.
321 Installations which support old kernels, but install current default
322 udev rules may want to add that to the compat rules file.
324 Libvolume_id now always probes for all known filesystems, and does not
325 stop at the first match. Some filesystems are marked as "exclusive probe",
326 and if any other filesytem type matches at the same time, libvolume_id
327 will, by default, not return any probing result. This is intended to prevent
328 mis-detection with conflicting left-over signatures found from earlier
329 file system formats. That way, we no longer depend on the probe-order
330 in case of multiple competing signatures. In some setups the kernel allows
331 to mount a volume with just the old filesystem signature still in place.
332 This may damage the new filesystem and cause data-loss, just by mounting
333 it. Because volume_id can not decide which one the correct signature is,
334 the wrong signatures need to be removed manually from the volume, or the
335 volume needs to be reformatted, to enable filesystem detection and possible
340 Fix segfault if compiled without optimization and dbg() does not get
341 compiled out and uses variables which are not available.
345 Bugfixes. (And maybe new bugs. :))
347 The rule matching engine got converted from a rule list to a token
348 array which reduced the in-memory rules representation of a full
349 featured distros with thousends of udev rules from 1.2MB to 0.12 MB.
350 Limits like 5 ENV and ATTR matches, and one single instance for most
351 other keys per rule are gone.
353 The NAME assignment is no longer special cased. If later rules assign
354 a NAME value again, the former value will be overwritten. As usual
355 for most other keys, the NAME value can be protected by doing a final
356 assignment with NAME:="<value>".
358 All udev code now uses libudev, which is also exported. The library
359 is still under development, marked as experimental, and its interface
360 may change as long as the DeviceKit integration is not finished.
362 Many thanks to Alan Jenkins for his continuous help, and finding and
363 optimizing some of the computing expensive parts.
369 Kernel devices and device nodes are connected now by reverse indizes in
370 /sys and /dev. A device number retrieved by a stat() or similar, the
371 kernel device directory can be found by looking up:
372 /sys/dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
373 and the device node of the same device by looking up:
374 /dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
378 Fix recently introduced bug, which caused a compilation without large
379 file support, where vol_id does not recognize raid signatures at the end
382 Firewire disks now create both, by-id/scsi-* and by-id/ieee-* links.
383 Seems some kernel versions prevent the creation of the ieee-* links,
384 so people used the scsi-* link which disappeared now.
386 More libudev work. Almost all udevadm functionality comes from libudev
389 udevadm trigger has a new option --type, which allows to trigger events
390 for "devices", for "subsystems", or "failed" devices. The old option
391 --retry-failed" still works, but is no longer mentioned in the man page.
397 The udevadm info --device-id-of-file= output has changed to use
398 the obvious format. Possible current users should use the --export
399 option which is not affected.
401 The old udev commands symlinks to udevadm are not installed, if
402 these symlinks are used, a warning is printed.
408 Optical drive's media is no longer probed for raid signatures,
409 reading the end of the device causes some devices to malfunction.
410 Also the offset of the last session found is used now to probe
413 The volume_id library got a major version number update to 1,
414 some deprecated functions are removed.
416 A shared library "libudev" gets installed now to provide access
417 to udev device information. DeviceKit, the successor of HAL, will
418 need this library to access the udev database and search sysfs for
420 The library is currently in an experimental state, also the API is
421 expected to change, as long as the DeviceKit integration is not
426 We use ./configure now. See INSTALL for details. Current
429 "/usr" - prefix for man pages, include files
431 "" - the root filesystem, prefix for libs and binaries
435 "lib" - directory name for libraries, not a path name
436 multilib 64bit systems may use "lib64" instead of "lib"
438 compile-in verbose debug messages
440 disable all logging and compile-out all log strings
442 link against SELInux libraries, to set the expected context
445 In the default rules, the group "disk" gets permissions 0660 instead
446 of 0640. One small step closer to unify distro rules. Some day, all
447 distros hopefully end up with the same set of rules.
449 No symlinks to udevadm are installed anymore, if they are still needed,
450 they should be provided by the package.
456 Default udev rules, which are not supposed to be edited by the user, should
457 be placed in /lib/udev/rules.d/ now, to make it clear that they are private to
458 the udev package and will be replaced with an update. Udev will pick up rule
460 /lib/udev/rules.d/ - default installed rules
461 /etc/udev/rules.d/ - user rules + on-the-fly generated rules
462 /dev/.udev/rules.d/ - temporary non-persistent rules created after bootup
463 It does not matter in which directory a rule file lives, all files are sorted
466 To help creating /dev/root, we have now:
467 $ udevadm info --export --export-prefix="ROOT_" --device-id-of-file=/
470 In case the current --device-id-of-file is already used, please switch to
471 the --export format version, it saves the output parsing and the old
472 format will be changed to use ':' as a separator, like the format in the
477 Fix cdrom_id to properly recognize blank media.
483 Tape drive id-data is queried from /dev/bsg/* instead of the tape
484 nodes. This avoids rewinding tapes on open().
490 The symlinks udevcontrol and udevtrigger are no longer installed by
493 The scsi_id program does not depend on sysfs anymore. It can speak
494 SGv4 now, so /dev/bsg/* device nodes can be used, to query SCSI device
495 data, which should solve some old problems with tape devices, where
496 we better do not open all tape device nodes to identify the device.
502 The cdrom_id program is replaced by an advanced version, which can
503 detect most common device types, and also properties of the inserted
504 media. This is part of moving some basic functionality from HAL into
505 udev (and the kernel).
511 The last WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rule is removed from the default rules.
513 The symlinks to udevadm for the debugging tools: udevmonitor and
514 udevtest are no longer created.
516 The symlinks to the udevadm man page for the old tool names are
519 Abstract namespace sockets paths in RUN+="socket:@<path>" rules,
520 should be prefixed with '@' to indicate that the path is not a
531 Udevstart is removed from the tree, it did not get installed for
532 a long time now, and is long replaced by trigger and settle.
538 All udev tools are merged into a single binary called udevadm.
539 The old names of the tools are built-in commands in udevadm now.
540 Symlinks to udevadm, with the names of the old tools, provide
541 the same functionality as the standalone tools. There is also
542 only a single udevadm.8 man page left for all tools.
544 Tools like mkinitramfs should be checked, if they need to include
545 udevadm in the list of files.
555 The etc/udev/rules.d/ directory now contains a default set of basic
556 udev rules. This initial version is the result of a rules file merge
557 of Fedora and openSUSE. For these both distros only a few specific
558 rules are left in their own file, named after the distro. Rules which
559 are optionally installed, because they are only valid for a specific
560 architecture, or rules for subsystems which are not always used are
561 in etc/udev/packages/.
567 Dynamic rules can be created in /dev/.udev/rules.d/ to trigger
568 actions by dynamically created rules.
570 SYMLINK=="<value>" matches agains the entries in the list of
571 currently defined symlinks. The links are not created in the
572 filesystem at that point in time, but the values can be matched.
574 RUN{ignore_error}+="<program>" will ignore any exit code from the
575 program and not record as a failed event.
581 Final merge of patches/features from the Ubuntu package.
587 Control characters in filesystem label strings are no longer silenty
588 removed, but hex-encoded, to be able to uniquely identify the device
589 by its symlink in /dev/disk/by-label/.
590 If libvolume_id is used by mount(8), LABEL= will work as expected,
591 if slashes or other characters are used in the label string.
593 To test the existence of a file, TEST=="<file>" and TEST!="<file>"
594 can be specified now. The TEST key accepts an optional mode mask
595 TEST{0100}=="<is executable file>".
597 Scsi_id now supports a mode without expecting scsi-specific sysfs
598 entries to allow the extraction of cciss-device persistent properties.
604 In the future, we may see uuid's which are just simple character
605 strings (see the DDF Raid Specification). For that reason vol_id now
606 exports ID_FS_UUID_SAFE, just like ID_FS_LABEL_SAFE. For things like
607 the creation of symlinks, the *_SAFE values ensure, that no control
608 or whitespace characters are used in the filename.
610 Possible users of libvolume_id, please use the volume_id_get_* functions.
611 The public struct will go away in a future release of the library.
617 Removal of useless extras/eventrecorder.sh.
627 The directory multiplexer for dev.d/ and hotplug.d are finally removed
628 from the udev package.
634 Symlinks can have priorities now, the priority is assigned to the device
635 and specified with OPTIONS="link_priority=100". Devices with higher
636 priorities overwrite the symlinks of devices with lower priorities.
637 If the device that currently owns the link, goes away, the symlink
638 will be removed, and recreated, pointing to the next device with the
639 highest actual priority. This should make /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid,id}
640 more reliable, if multiple devices contain the same metadata and overwrite
643 The dasd_id program is removed from the udev tree, and dasdinfo, with the
644 needed rules, are part of the s390-tools now.
646 Please add KERNEL=="[0-9]*:[0-9]*" to the scsi wait-for-sysfs rule,
647 we may get the scsi sysfs mess fixed some day, and this will only catch
648 the devices we are looking for.
650 USB serial numbers for storage devices have the target:lun now appended,
651 to make it possibble to distinguish broken multi-lun devices with all
652 the same SCSI identifiers.
654 Note: The extra "run_directory" which searches and executes stuff in
655 /etc/hotplug.d/ and /etc/dev.d/ is long deprecated, and will be removed
656 with the next release. Make sure, that you don't use it anymore, or
657 provides your own implementation of that inefficient stuff.
658 We are tired of reports about a "slow udev", because these directories
659 contain stuff, that runs with _every_ event, instead of using rules,
660 that run programs only for the matching events.
670 DRIVER== will match only for devices that actually have a real
671 driver. DRIVERS== must be used, if parent devices should be
672 included in the match.
674 Libvolume_id's "linux_raid" detection needed another fix.
682 Add additional check to volume_id detection of via_raid, cause
683 some company decided to put a matching pattern all over the empty
684 storage area of their music players.
688 Fix path_id for SAS devices.
692 The udev daemon can be started with --debug-trace now, which will
693 execute all events serialized to get a chance to catch a possible
694 action that crashes the box.
696 A warning is logged, if PHYSDEV* keys, the "device" link, or a parent
697 device attribute like $attr{../file} is used, only WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rules
698 are excluded from the warning. Referencing parent attributes directly
699 may break when something in the kernel driver model changes. Udev will
700 just find the attribute by walking up the parent chain.
702 Udevtrigger now sorts the list of devices depending on the device
703 dependency, so a "usb" device is triggered after the parent "pci"
708 Revert persistent-storage ata-serial '_' '-' replacement.
714 Udevtrigger can now filter the list of devices to be triggered. Matches
715 for subsystems or sysfs attributes can be specified.
717 The entries in /dev/.udev/queue and /dev/.udev/failed have changed to
718 zero-sized files to avoid pointing to /sys and confuse broken tools which
719 scan the /dev directory. To retry failed events, udevtrigger --retry-failed
722 The rules and scripts to create udev rules for persistent network
723 devices and optical drives are in the extras/rules_generator directory
724 now. If you use something similar, please consider replacing your own
725 version with this, to share the support effort. The rule_generator
726 installs its own rules into /etc/udev/rules.d.
728 The cdrom_id tool installs its own rule now in /etc/udev/rules.d, cause
729 the rule_generator depends on cdrom_id to be called in an earlier rule.
735 Renaming of some key names (the old names still work):
736 BUS -> SUBSYSTEMS, ID -> KERNELS, SYSFS -> ATTRS, DRIVER -> DRIVERS.
737 (The behavior of the key DRIVER will change soon in one of the next
738 releases, to match only the event device, please switch to DRIVERS
739 instead. If DRIVER is used, it will behave like DRIVERS, but an error
741 With the new key names, we have a more consistent and simpler scheme.
742 We can match the properties of the event device only, with: KERNEL,
743 SUBSYSTEM, ATTR, DRIVER. Or include all the parent devices in the match,
744 with: KERNELS, SUBSYSTEMS, ATTRS, DRIVERS. ID, BUS, SYSFS, DRIVER are no
745 longer mentioned in the man page and should be switched in the rule
748 ATTR{file}="value" can be used now, to write to a sysfs file of the
749 event device. Instead of:
750 ..., SYSFS{type}=="0|7|14", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo 60 > /sys$$DEVPATH/timeout'"
752 ..., ATTR{type}=="0|7|14", ATTR{timeout}="60"
754 All the PHYSDEV* keys are deprecated and will be removed from a
756 PHYDEVPATH - is the path of a parent device and should not be
758 PHYSDEVBUS - is just a SUBSYSTEM value of a parent, and can be
759 matched with SUBSYSTEMS==
760 PHYSDEVDRIVER - for bus devices it is available as ENV{DRIVER}.
761 Newer kernels will have DRIVER in the environment,
762 for older kernels udev puts in. Class device will
763 no longer carry this property of a parent and
764 DRIVERS== can be used to match such a parent value.
765 Note that ENV{DRIVER} is only available for a few bus devices, where
766 the driver is already bound at device event time. On coldplug, the
767 events for a lot devices are already bound to a driver, and they will have
768 that value set. But on hotplug, at the time the kernel creates the device,
769 it can't know what driver may claim the device after that, therefore
770 in most cases it will be empty.
772 Failed events should now be re-triggered with:
773 udevtrigger --retry-failed.
774 Please switch to this command, so we keep the details of the /dev/.udev/failed/
775 files private to the udev tools. We may need to switch the current symlink
776 target, cause some obviously broken tools try to scan all files in /dev
777 including /dev/.udev/, find the links to /sys and end up stat()'ing sysfs files
778 million times. This takes ages on slow boxes.
780 The udevinfo attribute walk (-a) now works with giving a device node
781 name (-n) instead of a devpath (-p). The query now always works, also when
782 no database file was created by udev.
784 The built-in /etc/passwd /etc/group parser is removed, we always depend on
785 getpwnam() and getgrnam() now. One of the next releases will depend on
786 fnmatch() and may use getopt_long().
790 Bugfixes and small improvements.
794 Fix path_id for recent kernels.
800 Added support for swapping network interface names, by temporarily
801 renaming the device and wait for the target name to become free.
805 The built-in MODALIAS key and substitution is removed.
809 The binary firmware helper is replaced by the usual simple
810 shell script. Udevsend is removed from the tree.
818 Some more keys require the correct use of '==' and '=' depending
819 on the kind of operation beeing an assignment or a match. Rules
820 with invalid operations are skipped and logged to syslog. Please
821 test with udevtest if the parsing of your rules throws errors and
822 fix possibly broken rules.
826 Provide "udevsettle" to wait for all current udev events to finish.
827 It also watches the current kernel netlink queue by comparing the
828 even sequence number to make sure that there are no current pending
829 events that have not already arrived in the daemon.
833 Fix rule to skip persistent rules for removable IDE devices, which
834 also skipped optical IDE drives.
836 All *_id program are installed in /lib/udev/ by default now.
838 No binary is stripped anymore as this should be done in the
839 packaging process and not at build time.
841 libvolume_id is provided as a shared library now and vol_id is
842 linked against it. Also one of the next HAL versions will require
843 this library, and the HAL build process will also require the
844 header file to be installed. The copy of the same code in HAL will
845 be removed to have only a single copy left on the system.
849 Add persistent links for SCSI tapes. The rules file is renamed
850 to 60-persistent-storage.rules.
852 Create persistent path for usb devices. Can be used for all sorts
853 of devices that can't be distinguished by other properties like
854 multiple identical keyboards and mice connected to the same box.
856 Provide "udevtrigger" program to request events on coldplug. The
857 shell script is much too slow with thousends of devices.
861 Fix persistent disk rules to exclude removable IDE drives.
863 Warn if %e, $modalias or MODALIAS is used.
867 Fix queue export, which wasn't correct for subsequent add/remove
868 events for the same device.
872 Fix cramfs detection on big endian.
874 Make WAIT_FOR_SYSFS usable in "normal" rules and silent if the whole
879 If BUS== and SYSFS{}== have been used in the same rule, the sysfs
880 attributes were only checked at the parent device that matched the
881 by BUS requested subsystem. Fix it to also look at the device we
882 received the event for.
884 Build variable CROSS has changed to CROSS_COMPILE to match the kernel
889 Fix a bug where NAME="" would prevent RUN from beeing executed.
891 RUN="/bin/program" does not longer automatically add the subsystem
892 as the first parameter. This is from the days of /sbin/hotplug
893 which is dead now and it's just confusing to need to add a space at
894 the end of the program name to prevent this.
895 If you use rules that need the subsystem as the first parameter,
896 like the old "udev_run_hotlugd" and "udev_run_devd", add the subsystem
897 to the key like RUN+="/bin/program $env{SUBSYSTEM}".
901 The udev man page has moved to udev(7) as it does not describe a command
902 anymore. The programs udev, udevstart and udevsend are no longer installed
903 by default and must be copied manually, if they should be installed or
904 included in a package.
906 Fix a bug where "ignore_device" could run earlier collected RUN keys before
907 the ignore rule was applied.
909 More preparation for future sysfs changes. usb_id and scsi_id no longer
910 depend on a magic order of devices in the /devices chain. Specific devices
911 should be requested by their subsytem.
913 This will always find the scsi parent device without depending on a specific
915 dev = sysfs_device_get(devpath);
916 dev_usb = sysfs_device_get_parent_with_subsystem(dev, "scsi");
918 The "device" link in the current sysfs layout will be automatically
919 _resolved_ as a parent and in the new sysfs layout it will just _be_ the
920 parent in the devpath. If a device is requested by it's symlink, like all
921 class devices in the new sysfs layout will look like, it gets automatically
922 resolved and substituted with the real devpath and not the symlink path.
925 A similar logic must be applied to _all_ sysfs users, including
926 scripts, that search along parent devices in sysfs. The explicit use of
927 the "device" link must be avoided. With the future sysfs layout all
928 DEVPATH's will start with /devices/ and have a "subsystem" symlink poiting
929 back to the "class" or the "bus". The layout of the parent devices in
930 /devices is not necessarily expected to be stable across kernel releases and
931 searching for parents by their subsystem should make sysfs users tolerant
932 for changed parent chains.
936 Prepare udev to work with the experimental kernel patch, that moves
937 /sys/class devices to /sys/devices and /sys/block to /sys/class/block.
939 Clarify BUS, ID, $id usage and fix $id behavior. This prepares for
940 moving the class devices to /sys/devices.
942 Thanks again to Marco for help finding a hopefully nice compromise
943 to make %b simpler and working again.
947 Complete removal of libsysfs, replaced by simple helper functions
948 which are much simpler and a bit faster. The udev daemon operatesentirely
949 on event parameters and does not use sysfs for simple rules anymore.
950 Please report any new bugs/problems, that may be caused by this big
951 change. They will be fixed immediately.
953 The enumeration format character '%e' is deprecated and will be
954 removed sometimes from a future udev version. It never worked correctly
955 outside of udevstart, so we can't use it with the new parallel
956 coldplug. A simple enumeration is as useless as the devfs naming
957 scheme, just get rid of both if you still use it.
959 MODALIAS and $modalias is not needed and will be removed from one of
960 the next udev versions, replace it in all rules with ENV{MODALIAS} or
961 the sysfs "modalias" value.
963 Thanks a lot to Marco for all his help on finding and fixing bugs.
967 Let scsi_id request libata drive serial numbers from page 0x80.
969 Renamed etc/udev/persistent.rules to persistent-disk.rules and
970 added /dev/disk/by-name/* for device mapper device names.
972 Removed %e from the man page. It never worked reliably outside
973 of udevstart and udevstart is no longer recommended to use.
977 Symlinks are now exported to the event environment. Hopefully it's no
978 longer needed to run udevinfo from an event process, like it was
979 mentioned on the hotplug list:
980 UDEV [1134776873.702967] add@/block/sdb
983 DEVLINKS=/dev/disk/by-id/usb-IBM_Memory_Key_0218B301030027E8 /dev/disk/by-path/usb-0218B301030027E8:0:0:0
987 Fix a problem if udevsend is used as the hotplug handler and tries to use
988 syslog, which causes a "vc" event loop. 2.6.15 will make udevsend obsolete
989 and this kind of problems will hopefully go away soon.
993 All built-in logic to work around bad sysfs timing is removed with this
994 version. The need to wait for sysfs files is almost fixed with a kernel
995 version that doesn't work with this udev version anyway. Until we fix
996 the timing of the "bus" link creation, the former integrated logic should
997 be emulated by a rule placed before all other rules:
998 ACTION=="add", DEVPATH=="/devices/*", ENV{PHYSDEVBUS}=="?*", WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="bus"
1000 The option "udev_db" does no longer exist. All udev state will be in
1001 /$udev_root/.udev/ now, there is no longer an option to set this
1003 If the init script or something else used this value, just depend on
1004 this hardcoded path. But remember _all_content_ of this directory is
1005 still private to udev and can change at any time.
1007 Default location for rule sripts and helper programs is now: /lib/udev/.
1008 Everything that is not useful on the commandline should go into this
1009 directory. Some of the helpers in the extras folder are installed there
1010 now. The rules need to be changed, to find the helpers there.
1012 Also /lib/udev/devices is recommended as a directory where packages or
1013 the user can place real device nodes, which get copied over to /dev at
1014 every boot. This should replace the various solutions with custom config
1017 Udevsend does no longer start the udev daemon. This must be done with
1018 the init script that prepares /dev on tmpfs and creates the initial nodes,
1019 before starting the daemon.
1023 Silent a too verbose error logging for the old hotplug.d/ dev.d/
1026 The copy of klibc is removed. A systemwide installed version of klibc
1027 should be used to build a klibc udev now.
1031 NAME="" will not create any nodes, but execute RUN keys. To completely
1032 ignore an event the OPTION "ignore_device" should be used.
1034 After removal of the reorder queue, events with a TIMEOUT can be executed
1035 without any queuing now.
1039 Fixed bug in udevd, if inotify is not available. We depend on netlink
1040 uevents now, kernels without that event source will not work with that
1041 version of udev anymore.
1045 The rule parsing happens now in the daemon once at startup, all udev
1046 event processes inherit the already parsed rules from the daemon.
1047 It is shipped with SUSE10.0 and reduces heavily the system load at
1048 startup. The option to save precompiled rules and let the udev process
1049 pick the them up is removed, as it's no longer needed.
1051 Kernel 2.6.15 will have symlinks at /class/input pointing to the real
1052 device. Libsysfs is changed to "translate" the requested link into the
1053 real device path, as it would happen with the hotplug event. Otherwise
1054 device removal and the udev database will not work.
1056 Using 'make STRIPCMD=' will leave the binaries unstripped for debugging
1059 A few improvements for vol_id, the filesytem probing code.
1063 Fix a stupid typo in extras/run_directory for "make install".
1065 scsi_id creates the temporary devnode now in /dev for usage with a
1066 non-writable /tmp directory.
1068 The uevent kernel socket buffer can carry app. 50.000 events now,
1069 let's see who can break this again. :)
1071 The upcoming kernel will have a new input driver core integration.
1072 Some class devices are now symlinks to the real device. libsysfs
1073 needs a fix for this to work correctly. Udevstart of older udev
1074 versions will _not_ create these devices!
1078 Fix a 'install' target in the Makefile, that prevents EXTRAS from
1083 A bunch of mostly trivial bugfixes. From now on no node name or
1084 symlink name can contain any character than plain whitelisted ascii
1085 characters or validated utf8 byte-streams. This is needed for the
1086 /dev/disk/by-label/* links, because we import untrusted data and
1087 export it to the filesystem.
1091 More bugfixes. If udevd was started from the kernel, we don't
1092 have stdin/stdout/stderr, which broke the forked tools in some
1097 Bugfix. udevstart event ordering was broken for a long time.
1098 The new run_program() uncovered it, because /dev/null was not
1099 available while we try to run external programs.
1100 Now udevstart should create it before we run anything.
1104 Minor bugfixes and some distro rules updates. If you don't have the
1105 persistent disk rules in /dev/disk/by-*/* on your distro, just
1106 grab it from here. :)
1110 We can use socket communication now to pass events from udev to
1112 RUN+="socket:/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event"
1113 will pass the whole udev event to the HAL daemon without the need
1114 for a forked helper. (See ChangeLog for udevmonitor, as an example)
1118 Mostly bugfixes and see ChangeLog.
1120 The test for the existence of an environment value should be
1122 ENV{KEY}=="*" to ENV{KEY}=="?*"
1123 because "*" will not fail anymore, if the key does not exist or
1128 Bugfixes and a few tweaks described in the ChangeLog.
1132 Mostly a Bugfix release.
1134 Added WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="<attribute>" to be able to fight against the sysfs
1135 timing with custom rules.
1139 We changed the internal rule storage format. Our large rule files took
1140 2 MB of RAM, with the change we are down to 99kB.
1142 If the device-node has been created with default name and no symlink or
1143 options are to remenber, it is not longer stored in the udevdb. HAL will
1144 need to be updated to work correctly with that change.
1146 To overrride optimization flags, OPTFLAGS may be used now.
1154 Major changes happened with this release. The goal is to take over the
1155 complete kernel-event handling and provide a more efficient way to dispatch
1156 kernel events. Replacing most of the current shell script logic and the
1157 kernel forked helper with a netlink-daemon and a rule-based event handling.
1159 o udevd listens to netlink events now. The first valid netlink event
1160 will make udevd ignore any message from udevsend that contains a
1161 SEQNUM, to avoid duplicate events. The forked events can be disabled
1163 echo "" > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
1164 For full support, the broken input-subsytem needs to be fixed, not to
1165 bypass the driver core.
1167 o /etc/dev.d/ + /etc/hotplug.d/ directory multiplexing is completely
1168 removed from udev itself and must be emulated by calling small
1169 helper binaries provided in the extras folder:
1170 make EXTRAS=extras/run_directory/
1171 will build udev_run_devd and udev_run_hotplugd, which can be called
1172 from a rule if needed:
1173 RUN+="/sbin/udev_run_hotplugd"
1174 The recommended way to handle this is to convert all the calls from
1175 the directories to explicit udev rules and get completely rid of the
1176 multiplexing. (To catch a ttyUSB event, you now no longer need to
1177 fork and exit 300 tty script instances you are not interested in, it
1178 is just one rule that matches exactly the device.)
1180 o udev handles now _all_ events not just events for class and block
1181 devices, this way it is possible to control the complete event
1182 behavior with udev rules. Especially useful for rules like:
1183 ACTION="add", DEVPATH="/devices/*", MODALIAS=="?*", RUN+="/sbin/modprobe $modalias"
1185 o As used in the modalias rule, udev supports now textual
1186 substitution placeholder along with the usual format chars. This
1187 needs to be documented, for now it's only visible in udev_rules_parse.c.
1189 o The rule keys support now more operations. This is documented in the
1190 man page. It is possible to add values to list-keys like the SYMLINK
1191 and RUN list with KEY+="value" and to clear the list by assigning KEY="".
1192 Also "final"-assignments are supported by using KEY:="value", which will
1193 prevent changing the key by any later rule.
1195 o kernel 2.6.12 has the "detached_state" attribute removed from
1196 sysfs, which was used to recognize sysfs population. We switched that
1197 to wait for the "bus" link, which is only available in kernels after 2.6.11.
1198 Running this udev version on older kernels may cause a short delay for
1201 o To provide infrastructure for persistent device naming, the id programs:
1202 scsi_id, vol_id (former udev_volume_id), and ata_id (new) are able now
1203 to export the probed data in environment key format:
1204 pim:~ # /sbin/ata_id --export /dev/hda
1205 ID_MODEL=HTS726060M9AT00
1206 ID_SERIAL=MRH401M4G6UM9B
1207 ID_REVISION=MH4OA6BA
1209 The following rules:
1210 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", IMPORT="/sbin/ata_id --export $tempnode"
1211 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", ENV{ID_SERIAL}=="?*", SYMLINK+="disk/by-id/$env{ID_MODEL}_$env{ID_SERIAL}"
1214 kay@pim:~> tree /dev/disk
1217 | |-- HTS726060M9AT00_MRH401M4G6UM9B -> ../../hda
1218 | `-- IBM-Memory_Key -> ../../sda
1220 | |-- swap -> ../../hda1
1221 | |-- date -> ../../sda1
1222 | `-- home -> ../../hda3
1224 |-- 2E08712B0870F2E7 -> ../../hda3
1225 |-- 9352cfef-7687-47bc-a2a3-34cf136f72e1 -> ../../hda1
1226 |-- E845-7A89 -> ../../sda1
1227 `-- b2a61681-3812-4f13-a4ff-920d70604299 -> ../../hda2
1229 The IMPORT= operation will import these keys in the environment and make
1230 it available for later PROGRAM= and RUN= executed programs. The keys are
1231 also stored in the udevdb and can be queried from there with one of the
1234 o A few binaries are silently added to the repository, which can be used
1235 to replay kernel events from initramfs instead of using coldplug. udevd
1236 can be instructed now to queue-up events while the stored events from
1237 initramfs are filled into the udevd-queue. This code is still under
1238 development and there is no documentation now besides the code itself.
1239 The additional binaries get compiled, but are not installed by default.
1241 o There is also a temporary fix for a performance problem where too many
1242 events happen in parallel and every event needs to parse the rules.
1243 udev can now read precompiled rules stored on disk. This is likely to be
1244 replaced by a more elegant solution in a future udev version.
1248 With kernel version 2.6.12, the sysfs file "detached_state" was removed.
1249 Fix for libsysfs not to expect this file was added.
1253 All rules are applied now, but only the first matching rule with a NAME-key
1254 will be applied. All later rules with NAME-key are completely ignored. This
1255 way system supplied symlinks or permissions gets applied to user-defined
1259 Please check your rules setup, if you may need to add OPTIONS="last_rule"
1260 to some rules, to keep the old behavior.
1262 The rules are read on "remove"-events too. That makes is possible to match
1263 with keys that are available on remove (KERNEL, SUBSYSTEM, ID, ENV, ...) to
1264 instruct udev to ignore an event (OPTIONS="ignore_device").
1265 The new ACTION-key may be used to let a rule act only at a "remove"-event.
1267 The new RUN-key supports rule-based execution of programs after device-node
1268 handling. This is meant as a general replacement for the dev.d/-directories
1269 to give fine grained control over the execution of programs.
1271 The %s{}-sysfs format char replacement values are searched at any of the
1272 devices in the device chain now, not only at the class-device.
1274 We support log priority levels now. The value udev_log in udev.conf is used
1275 to determine what is printed to syslog. This makes it possible to
1276 run a version with compiled-in debug messages in a production environment
1277 which is sometimes needed to find a bug.
1278 It is still possible to supress the inclusion of _any_ syslog usage with
1279 USE_LOG=false to create the smallest possible binaries if needed.
1280 The configured udev_log value can be overridden with the environment variable
1285 Possible use of a system-wide klibc:
1286 make USE_KLIBC=true KLCC=/usr/bin/klcc all
1287 will link against an external klibc and our own version will be ignored.
1291 We support an unlimited count of symlinks now.
1293 If USE_STATIC=true is passed to a glibc build, we link statically and use
1294 a built-in userdb parser to resolve user and group names.
1296 The PLACE= key is gone. It can be replaced by an ID= for a long time, because
1297 we walk up the chain of physical devices to find a match.
1299 The KEY="<value>" format supports '=', '==', '!=,' , '+=' now. This makes it
1300 easy to skip certain attribute matches without composing rules with weird
1301 character class negations like:
1302 KERNEL="[!s][!c][!d]*"
1303 this can now be replaced with:
1305 The current simple '=' is still supported, and should work as it does today,
1306 but existing rules should be converted if possible, to be better readable.
1308 We have new ENV{}== key now, to match against a maximum of 5 environment
1311 udevstart is its own binary again, because we don't need co carry this araound
1312 with every forked event.