3 Bugfix for the firmware loading behavior with kernel modules which
4 try to load firmware in the module_init() path. The blocked event
5 runs into a timout now, which should allow the firmware to be loaded.
7 Bugfix for a wrong DEVNAME= export, which breaks at least the udev-acl
10 Bugfix for missing ID_ properties for GPT partitions.
12 The RUN+="socket:.." option is deprecated and should not be used. A warning
13 during rules parsing is printed now. Services which listen to udev events,
14 need to subscribe to the netlink messages with libudev and not let udev block
15 in the rules execution until the message is delivered.
19 Bugfix for rule_generator instalation.
23 The 'devtmpfs' filesystem is required now, udev will not create or delete
24 device nodes anymore, it only adjusts permissions and ownership of device
25 nodes and maintains additional symlinks.
27 A writable /run directory (ususally tmpfs) is required now for a fully
28 functional udev, there is no longer a fallback to /dev/.udev.
30 The default 'configure' install locations have changed. Packages for systems
31 with the historic / vs. /usr split need to be adapted, otherwise udev will
32 be installed in /usr and not work properly. Example configuration options
33 to install things the traditional way are in INSTALL.
35 The default install location of the 'udevadm' tool moved from 'sbin'
36 to /usr/bin. Some tools expect udevadm in 'sbin', a symlink to udevadm
37 needs to be manually created if needed, or --bindir=/sbin be specified.
39 The expected value of '--libexecdir=' has changed and must no longer contain
42 Kernel modules are now loaded directly by linking udev to 'libkmod'. The
43 'modprobe' tool is no longer executed by udev.
45 The 'blkid' tool is no longer executed from udev rules. Udev links
46 directly to libblkid now.
48 Firmware is loaded natively by udev now, the external 'firmware' binary
51 All built-in tools can be listed and tested with 'udevadm test-builtin'.
53 The 'udevadm control --reload-rules' option has been renamed to '--reload'.
54 It now also reloads the kernel module configuration.
56 The systemd socket files use PassCredentials=yes, which is available in
59 The udev build system only creates a .xz tarball now.
61 All tabs in the source code used for indentation are replaced by spaces now. :)
71 The udev daemon moved to /lib/udev/udevd. Non-systemd init systems
72 and non-dracut initramfs image generators need to change the init
73 scripts. Alternatively the udev build needs to move udevd back to
74 /sbin or create a symlink in /sbin, which is not done by default.
76 The path_id, usb_id, input_id tools are built-in commands now and
77 the stand-alone tools do not exist anymore. Static lists of file in
78 initramfs generators need to be updated. For testing, the commands
79 can still be executed standalone with 'udevadm test-builtin <cmd>'.
81 The fusectl filesystem is no longer mounted directly from udev.
82 Systemd systems will take care of mounting fusectl and configfs
83 now. Non-systemd systems need to ship their own rule if they
84 need these filesystems auto-mounted.
86 The long deprecated keys: SYSFS=, ID=, BUS= have been removed.
88 The support for 'udevadm trigger --type=failed, and the
89 RUN{fail_event_on_error} attribute was removed.
91 The udev control socket is now created in /run/udev/control
92 and no longer as an abstract namespace one.
94 The rules to create persistent network interface and cdrom link
95 rules automatically in /etc/udev/rules.d/ have been disabled by
96 default. Explicit configuration will be required for these use
97 cases, udev will no longer try to write any persistent system
98 configuration from a device hotplug path.
104 The udev-acl extra is no longer enabled by default now. To enable it,
105 --enable-udev_acl needs to be given at ./configure time. On systemd
106 systems, the udev-acl rules prevent it from running as the functionality
107 has moved to systemd.
113 Udev now enables kernel media-presence polling if available. Part
114 of udisks optical drive tray-handling moved to cdrom_id: The tray
115 is locked as soon as a media is detected to enable the receiving
116 of media-eject-request events. Media-eject-request events will
119 Libudev enumerate is now able to enumerate a subtree of a given
122 The mobile-action-modeswitch modeswitch tool was deleted. The
123 functionality is provided by usb_modeswitch now.
129 The systemd service files require systemd version 28. The systemd
130 socket activation make it possible now to start 'udevd' and 'udevadm
131 trigger' in parallel.
135 Fix bug in control message handling, which can lead to a failing
136 udevadm control --exit. Thanks to Jürg Billeter for help tracking
143 We require at least Linux kernel 2.6.32 now. Some platforms might
144 require a later kernel that supports accept4() and similar, or
145 need to backport the trivial syscall wiring to the older kernels.
147 The hid2hci tool moved to the bluez package and was removed.
149 Many of the extras can be --enable/--disabled at ./configure
150 time. The --disable-extras option was removed. Some extras have
151 been disabled by default. The current options and their defaults
152 can be checked with './configure --help'.
158 Udev logs a warning now if /run is not writable at udevd
159 startup. It will still fall back to /dev/.udev, but this is
160 now considered a bug.
162 The running udev daemon can now cleanly shut down with:
163 udevadm control --exit
165 Udev in initramfs should clean the state of the udev database
166 with: udevadm info --cleanup-db which will remove all state left
167 behind from events/rules in initramfs. If initramfs uses
168 --cleanup-db and device-mapper/LVM, the rules in initramfs need
169 to add OPTIONS+="db_persist" for all dm devices. This will
170 prevent removal of the udev database for these devices.
172 Spawned programs by PROGRAM/IMPORT/RUN now have a hard timeout of
173 120 seconds per process. If that timeout is reached the spawned
174 process will be killed. The event timeout can be overwritten with
177 If systemd is used, udev gets now activated by netlink data.
178 Systemd will bind the netlink socket which will buffer all data.
179 If needed, such setup allows a seemless update of the udev daemon,
180 where no event can be lost during a udevd update/restart.
181 Packages need to make sure to: systemctl stop udev.socket udev.service
182 or 'mask' udev.service during the upgrade to prevent any unwanted
183 auto-spawning of udevd.
184 This version of udev conflicts with systemd version below 25. The
185 unchanged service files will not wirk correctly.
191 The udev runtime data moved from /dev/.udev/ to /run/udev/. The
192 /run mountpoint is supposed to be a tmpfs mounted during early boot,
193 available and writable to for all tools at any time during bootup,
194 it replaces /var/run/, which should become a symlink some day.
196 If /run does not exist, or is not writable, udev will fall back using
199 On systemd systems with initramfs and LVM used, packagers must
200 make sure, that the systemd and initramfs versions match. The initramfs
201 needs to create the /run mountpoint for udev to store the data, and
202 mount this tmpfs to /run in the rootfs, so the that the udev database
203 is preserved for the udev version started in the rootfs.
205 The command 'udevadm info --convert-db' is gone. The udev daemon
206 itself, at startup, converts any old database version if necessary.
208 The systemd services files have been reorganized. The udev control
209 socket is bound by systemd and passed to the started udev daemon.
210 The udev-settle.service is no longer active by default. Services which
211 can not handle hotplug setups properly need to actively pull it in, to
212 act like a barrier. Alternatively the settle service can be unconditionally
213 'systemctl'enabled, and act like a barrier for basic.target.
215 The fstab_import callout is no longer built or installed. Udev
216 should not be used to mount, does not watch changes to fstab, and
217 should not mirror fstab values in the udev database.
223 New and updated keymaps.
229 The udev database has changed, After installation of a new udev
230 version, 'udevadm info --convert-db' should be called, to let the new
231 udev/libudev version read the already stored data.
233 udevadm now supports quoting of property values, and prefixing of
235 $ udevadm info --export --export-prefix=MY_ --query=property -n sda
238 MY_DEVNAME='/dev/sda'
242 libudev now supports:
243 udev_device_get_is_initialized()
244 udev_enumerate_add_match_is_initialized()
245 to be able to skip devices the kernel has created , but udev has
248 libudev now supports:
249 udev_device_get_usec_since_initialized()
250 to retrieve the "age" of a udev device record.
252 GUdev supports a more generic GUdevEnumerator class, udev TAG
253 handling, device initialization and timestamp now.
255 The counterpart of /sys/dev/{char,block}/$major:$minor,
256 /dev/{char,block}/$major:$minor symlinks are now unconditionally
257 created, even when no rule files exist.
259 New and updated keymaps.
265 GUdev moved from /usr to /.
275 Persistent network naming rules are disabled inside of Qemu/KVM now.
277 New and updated keymaps.
279 Udev gets unconditionally enabled on systemd installations now. There
280 is no longer the need to to run 'systemctl enable udev.service'.
294 New and fixed keymaps.
296 Install systemd service files if applicable.
302 All distribution specific rules are removed from the udev source tree,
303 most of them are no longer needed. The Gentoo rules which allow to support
304 older kernel versions, which are not covered by the default rules anymore
305 has moved to rules/misc/30-kernel-compat.rules.
311 The option --debug-trace and the environemnt variable UDEVD_MAX_CHILDS=
312 was removed from udevd.
314 Udevd now checks the kernel commandline for the following variables:
315 udev.log-priority=<syslog priority>
316 udev.children-max=<maximum number of workers>
317 udev.exec-delay=<seconds to delay the execution of RUN=>
318 to help debuging coldplug setups where the loading of a kernel
319 module crashes the system.
321 The subdirectory in the source tree rules/packages has been renamed to
322 rules/arch, anc contains only architecture specific rules now.
332 Now the udev daemon itself, does on startup:
333 - copy the content of /lib/udev/devices to /dev
334 - create the standard symlinks like /dev/std{in,out,err},
335 /dev/core, /dev/fd, ...
336 - use static node information provided by kernel modules
337 and creates these nodes to allow module on-demand loading
338 - possibly apply permissions to all ststic nodes from udev
339 rules which are annotated to match a static node
341 The default mode for a device node is 0600 now to match the kernel
342 created devtmpfs defaults. If GROUP= is specified and no MODE= is
343 given the default will be 0660.
349 Udev now gradually starts to pass control over the primary device nodes
350 and their names to the kernel, and will in the end only manage the
351 permissions of the node, and possibly create additional symlinks.
352 As a first step NAME="" will be ignored, and NAME= setings with names
353 other than the kernel provided name will result in a logged warning.
354 Kernels that don't provide device names, or devtmpfs is not used, will
355 still work as they did before, but it is strongly recommended to use
356 only the same names for the primary device node as the recent kernel
357 provides for all devices.
361 Fix broken firmware loader search path.
367 "udevadm trigger" defaults to "change" events now instead of "add"
368 events. The "udev boot script" might need to add "--action=add" to
369 the trigger command if not already there, in case the initial coldplug
370 events are expected as "add" events.
372 The option "all_partitons" was removed from udev. This should not be
373 needed for usual hardware. Udev can not safely make assumptions
374 about non-existing partition major/minor numbers, and therefore no
375 longer provide this unreliable and unsafe option.
377 The option "ignore_remove" was removed from udev. With devtmpfs
378 udev passed control over device nodes to the kernel. This option
379 should not be needed, or can not work as advertised. Neither
380 udev nor the kernel will remove device nodes which are copied from
381 the /lib/udev/devices/ directory.
383 All "add|change" matches are replaced by "!remove" in the rules and
384 in the udev logic. All types of events will update possible symlinks
385 and permissions, only "remove" is handled special now.
387 The modem modeswitch extra was removed and the external usb_modeswitch
388 program should be used instead.
390 New and fixed keymaps.
400 Kernels with SYSFS_DEPRECATED=y are not supported since a while. Many users
401 depend on the current sysfs layout and the information not available in the
402 deprecated layout. All remaining support for the deprecated sysfs layout is
407 Fix for a possible endless loop in the new input_id program.
413 The option "ignore_device" does no longer exist. There is no way to
414 ignore an event, as libudev events can not be suppressed by rules.
415 It only prevented RUN keys from being executed, which results in an
416 inconsistent behavior in current setups.
418 BUS=, SYSFS{}=, ID= are long deprecated and should be SUBSYSTEM(S)=,
419 ATTR(S){}=, KERNEL(S)=. It will cause a warning once for every rule
422 The support for the deprecated IDE devices has been removed from the
423 default set of rules. Distros who still care about non-libata drivers
424 need to add the rules to the compat rules file.
426 The ID_CLASS property on input devices has been replaced by the more accurate
427 set of flags ID_INPUT_{KEYBOARD,KEY,MOUSE,TOUCHPAD,TABLET,JOYSTICK}. These are
428 determined by the new "input_id" prober now. Some devices, such as touchpads,
429 can have several classes. So if you previously had custom udev rules which e. g.
430 checked for ENV{ID_CLASS}=="kbd", you need to replace this with
431 ENV{ID_INPUT_KEYBOARD}=="?*".
437 To support DEVPATH strings larger than the maximum file name length, the
438 private udev database format has changed. If some software still reads the
439 private files in /dev/.udev/, which it shouldn't, now it's time to fix it.
440 Please do not port anything to the new format again, everything in /dev/.udev
441 is and always was private to udev, and may and will change any time without
444 Multiple devices claiming the same names in /dev are limited to symlinks
445 only now. Mixing identical symlink names and node names is not supported.
446 This reduces the amount of data in the database significantly.
448 NAME="%k" causes a warning now. It's is and always was completely superfluous.
449 It will break kernel supplied DEVNAMEs and therefore it needs to be removed
452 Most NAME= instructions got removed. Kernel 2.6.31 supplies the needed names
453 if they are not the default. To support older kernels, the NAME= rules need to
454 be added to the compat rules file.
456 Symlinks to udevadm with the old command names are no longer resolved to
457 the udevadm commands.
459 The udev-acl tool got adopted to changes in ConsoleKit. Version 0.4.1 is
462 The option "last_rule" does no longer exist. Its use breaks too many
463 things which expect to be run from independent later rules, and is an idication
464 that something needs to be fixed properly instead.
466 The gudev API is no longer marked as experimental,
467 G_UDEV_API_IS_SUBJECT_TO_CHANGE is no longer needed. The gudev introspection
468 is enabled by default now. Various projects already depend on introspection
469 information to bind dynamic languages to the gudev interfaces.
475 The udevadm trigger "--retry-failed" option, which is replaced since quite
476 a while by "--type=failed" is removed.
478 The failed tracking was not working at all for a few releases. The RUN
479 option "ignore_error" is replaced by a "fail_event_on_error" option, and the
480 default is not to track any failing RUN executions.
482 New keymaps, new modem, hid2hci updated.
486 Fix possible crash in udevd when worker processes are busy, rules are
487 changed at the same time, and workers get killed to reload the rules.
493 Properties set with ENV{.FOO}="bar" are marked private by starting the
494 name with a '.'. They will not be stored in the database, and not be
495 exported with the event.
497 Firmware files are looked up in:
498 /lib/firmware/updates/$(uname -r)
499 /lib/firmware/updates
500 /lib/firmware/$(uname -r)
504 ATA devices switched the property from ID_BUS=scsi to ID_BUS=ata.
505 ata_id, instead of scsi_id, is the default tool now for ATA devices.
511 The configure options have changed because another library needs to be
512 installed in a different location. Instead of exec_prefix and udev_prefix,
513 libdir, rootlibdir and libexecdir are used. The Details are explained in
516 Event processes now get re-used after they handled an event. This reduces
517 the number of forks and the pressure on the CPU significantly, because
518 cloned event processes no longer cause page faults in the main daemon.
519 After the events have settled, a few worker processes stay around for
520 future events, all others get cleaned up.
522 To be able to use signalfd(), udev depends on kernel version 2.6.25 now.
523 Also inotify support is mandatory now to run udev.
525 The format of the queue exported by the udev damon has changed. There is
526 no longer a /dev/.udev/queue/ directory. The current event queue can be
527 accessed with udevadm settle and libudedv.
529 Libudev does not have the unstable API header anymore. From now on,
530 incompatible changes will be handled by bumping the library major version.
532 To build udev from the git tree gtk-doc is needed now. The tarballs will
533 build without it and contain the pre-built documentation. An online copy
535 http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/libudev/
537 The tools from the udev-extras repository have been merged into the main
538 udev repository. Some of the extras have larger external dependencies, and
539 they can be disabled with the configure switch --disable-extras.
545 The program vol_id and the library libvolume_id are removed from the
546 repository. Libvolume_id is merged with libblkid from the util-linux-ng
547 package. Persistent disk links for label and uuid depend on the
548 util-linux-ng version (2.15) of blkid now. Older versions of blkid
549 can not be used with udev.
551 Libudev allows to subscribe to udev events. To prevent unwanted messages
552 to be delivered, and waking up the subscribing process, a filter can be
553 installed, to drop messages inside a kernel socket filter. The filters
554 match on the <subsytem>:<devtype> properties of the device.
555 This is part of the ongoing effort to replace HAL, and switch current
556 users over to directly use libudev.
557 Libudev is still marked as experimental, and its interface might
558 eventually change if needed, but no major changes of the currently exported
559 interface are expected anymore, and a first stable release should happen
562 A too old kernel (2.6.21) or a kernel with CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED
563 is not supported since while and udevd will log an error message at
564 startup. It should still be able to boot-up, but advanced rules and system
565 services which depend on the information not available in the old sysfs
566 format will fail to work correctly.
568 DVB device naming is supplied by the kernel now. In case older kernels
569 need to be supported, the old shell script should be added to a compat
576 The processed udev events get send back to the netlink socket. Libudev
577 provides access to these events. This is work-in-progress, to replace
578 the DeviceKit daemon functionality directly with libudev. There are
579 upcoming kernel changes to allow non-root users to subcribe to these
586 "udevadm settle" now optionally accepts a range of events to wait for,
587 instead of waiting for "all" events.
593 The installed watch for block device metadata changes is now removed
594 during event hadling, because some (broken) tools may be called from udev
595 rules and (wrongly) open the device with write access. After the finished
596 event handling the watch is restored.
602 Device nodes can be watched for changes with inotify with OPTIONS="watch".
603 If closed after being opened for writing, a "change" uevent will occur.
604 /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid}/* symlinks will be automatically updated.
610 The udevadm test command has no longer a --force option, nodes and symlinks
611 are always updated with a test run now.
613 The udevd daemon can be started with --resolve-names=never to avoid all user
614 and group lookups (e.g. in cut-down systems) or --resolve-names=late to
615 lookup user and groups every time events are handled.
621 We are currently merging the Ubuntu rules in the udev default rules,
622 and get one step closer to provide a common Linux /dev setup, regarding
623 device names, symlinks, and default device permissions. On udev startup,
624 we now expect the following groups to be resolvable to their ids with
626 disk, cdrom, floppy, tape, audio, video, lp, tty, dialout, kmem.
627 LDAP setups need to make sure, that these groups are always resolvable at
628 bootup, with only the rootfs mounted, and without network access available.
630 Some systems may need to add some new, currently not used groups, or need
631 to add some users to new groups, but the cost of this change is minimal,
632 compared to the pain the current, rather random, differences between the
633 various distributions cause for upstream projects and third-party vendors.
635 In general, "normal" users who log into a machine should never be a member
636 of any such group, but the device-access should be managed by dynamic ACLs,
637 which get added and removed for the specific users on login/logout and
638 session activity/inactivity. These groups are only provided for custom setups,
639 and mainly system services, to allow proper privilege separation.
640 A video-streaming daemon uid would be a member of "audio" and "video", to get
641 access to the sound and video devices, but no "normal" user should ever belong
642 to the "audio" group, because he could listen to the built-in microphone with
643 any ssh-session established from the other side of the world.
645 /dev/serial/by-{id,path}/ now contains links for ttyUSB devices,
646 which do not depend on the kernel device name. As usual, unique
647 devices - only a single one per product connected, or a real
648 USB serial number in the device - are always found with the same
649 name in the by-id/ directory.
650 Completely identical devices may overwrite their names in by-id/
651 and can only be found reliably in the by-path/ directory. Devices
652 specified by by-path/ must not change their connection, like the
653 USB port number they are plugged in, to keep their name.
655 To support some advanced features, Linux 2.6.22 is the oldest supported
656 version now. The kernel config with enabled SYSFS_DEPRECATED is no longer
657 supported. Older kernels should still work, and devices nodes should be
658 reliably created, but some rules and libudev will not work correctly because
659 the old kernels do not provide the expected information or interfaces.
665 Fix for a possible segfault while swapping network interface names in udev
672 The group "video" is part of the default rules now.
676 Bugfix for kernels using SYSFS_DEPRECATED* option and finding parent
677 block devices in some cases. No common distro uses this option anymore,
678 and we do not get enough testing for this and recent udev versions. If
679 this option is not needed to run some old distro with a new kernel,
680 it should be disabled in the kernel config.
682 Bugfix for the $links substitution variable, which may crash if no links
683 are created. This should not happen in usual setups because we always
684 create /dev/{block,char}/ links.
686 The strings of the parsed rules, which are kept in memory, no longer
687 contain duplicate entries, or duplicate tails of strings. This, and the
688 new rules parsing/matching code reduces the total in-memory size of
689 a huge distro rule sets to 0.08 MB, compared to the 1.2MB of udev
692 The export of DEVTYPE=disk/partition got removed from the default
693 rules. This value is available from the kernel. The pnp shell script
694 modprobe hack is removed from the default rules. ACPI devices have _proper_
695 modalias support and take care of the same functionality.
696 Installations which support old kernels, but install current default
697 udev rules may want to add that to the compat rules file.
699 Libvolume_id now always probes for all known filesystems, and does not
700 stop at the first match. Some filesystems are marked as "exclusive probe",
701 and if any other filesytem type matches at the same time, libvolume_id
702 will, by default, not return any probing result. This is intended to prevent
703 mis-detection with conflicting left-over signatures found from earlier
704 file system formats. That way, we no longer depend on the probe-order
705 in case of multiple competing signatures. In some setups the kernel allows
706 to mount a volume with just the old filesystem signature still in place.
707 This may damage the new filesystem and cause data-loss, just by mounting
708 it. Because volume_id can not decide which one the correct signature is,
709 the wrong signatures need to be removed manually from the volume, or the
710 volume needs to be reformatted, to enable filesystem detection and possible
715 Fix segfault if compiled without optimization and dbg() does not get
716 compiled out and uses variables which are not available.
720 Bugfixes. (And maybe new bugs. :))
722 The rule matching engine got converted from a rule list to a token
723 array which reduced the in-memory rules representation of a full
724 featured distros with thousends of udev rules from 1.2MB to 0.12 MB.
725 Limits like 5 ENV and ATTR matches, and one single instance for most
726 other keys per rule are gone.
728 The NAME assignment is no longer special cased. If later rules assign
729 a NAME value again, the former value will be overwritten. As usual
730 for most other keys, the NAME value can be protected by doing a final
731 assignment with NAME:="<value>".
733 All udev code now uses libudev, which is also exported. The library
734 is still under development, marked as experimental, and its interface
735 may change as long as the DeviceKit integration is not finished.
737 Many thanks to Alan Jenkins for his continuous help, and finding and
738 optimizing some of the computing expensive parts.
744 Kernel devices and device nodes are connected now by reverse indizes in
745 /sys and /dev. A device number retrieved by a stat() or similar, the
746 kernel device directory can be found by looking up:
747 /sys/dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
748 and the device node of the same device by looking up:
749 /dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
753 Fix recently introduced bug, which caused a compilation without large
754 file support, where vol_id does not recognize raid signatures at the end
757 Firewire disks now create both, by-id/scsi-* and by-id/ieee-* links.
758 Seems some kernel versions prevent the creation of the ieee-* links,
759 so people used the scsi-* link which disappeared now.
761 More libudev work. Almost all udevadm functionality comes from libudev
764 udevadm trigger has a new option --type, which allows to trigger events
765 for "devices", for "subsystems", or "failed" devices. The old option
766 --retry-failed" still works, but is no longer mentioned in the man page.
772 The udevadm info --device-id-of-file= output has changed to use
773 the obvious format. Possible current users should use the --export
774 option which is not affected.
776 The old udev commands symlinks to udevadm are not installed, if
777 these symlinks are used, a warning is printed.
783 Optical drive's media is no longer probed for raid signatures,
784 reading the end of the device causes some devices to malfunction.
785 Also the offset of the last session found is used now to probe
788 The volume_id library got a major version number update to 1,
789 some deprecated functions are removed.
791 A shared library "libudev" gets installed now to provide access
792 to udev device information. DeviceKit, the successor of HAL, will
793 need this library to access the udev database and search sysfs for
795 The library is currently in an experimental state, also the API is
796 expected to change, as long as the DeviceKit integration is not
801 We use ./configure now. See INSTALL for details. Current
804 "/usr" - prefix for man pages, include files
806 "" - the root filesystem, prefix for libs and binaries
810 "lib" - directory name for libraries, not a path name
811 multilib 64bit systems may use "lib64" instead of "lib"
813 compile-in verbose debug messages
815 disable all logging and compile-out all log strings
817 link against SELInux libraries, to set the expected context
820 In the default rules, the group "disk" gets permissions 0660 instead
821 of 0640. One small step closer to unify distro rules. Some day, all
822 distros hopefully end up with the same set of rules.
824 No symlinks to udevadm are installed anymore, if they are still needed,
825 they should be provided by the package.
831 Default udev rules, which are not supposed to be edited by the user, should
832 be placed in /lib/udev/rules.d/ now, to make it clear that they are private to
833 the udev package and will be replaced with an update. Udev will pick up rule
835 /lib/udev/rules.d/ - default installed rules
836 /etc/udev/rules.d/ - user rules + on-the-fly generated rules
837 /dev/.udev/rules.d/ - temporary non-persistent rules created after bootup
838 It does not matter in which directory a rule file lives, all files are sorted
841 To help creating /dev/root, we have now:
842 $ udevadm info --export --export-prefix="ROOT_" --device-id-of-file=/
845 In case the current --device-id-of-file is already used, please switch to
846 the --export format version, it saves the output parsing and the old
847 format will be changed to use ':' as a separator, like the format in the
852 Fix cdrom_id to properly recognize blank media.
858 Tape drive id-data is queried from /dev/bsg/* instead of the tape
859 nodes. This avoids rewinding tapes on open().
865 The symlinks udevcontrol and udevtrigger are no longer installed by
868 The scsi_id program does not depend on sysfs anymore. It can speak
869 SGv4 now, so /dev/bsg/* device nodes can be used, to query SCSI device
870 data, which should solve some old problems with tape devices, where
871 we better do not open all tape device nodes to identify the device.
877 The cdrom_id program is replaced by an advanced version, which can
878 detect most common device types, and also properties of the inserted
879 media. This is part of moving some basic functionality from HAL into
880 udev (and the kernel).
886 The last WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rule is removed from the default rules.
888 The symlinks to udevadm for the debugging tools: udevmonitor and
889 udevtest are no longer created.
891 The symlinks to the udevadm man page for the old tool names are
894 Abstract namespace sockets paths in RUN+="socket:@<path>" rules,
895 should be prefixed with '@' to indicate that the path is not a
906 Udevstart is removed from the tree, it did not get installed for
907 a long time now, and is long replaced by trigger and settle.
913 All udev tools are merged into a single binary called udevadm.
914 The old names of the tools are built-in commands in udevadm now.
915 Symlinks to udevadm, with the names of the old tools, provide
916 the same functionality as the standalone tools. There is also
917 only a single udevadm.8 man page left for all tools.
919 Tools like mkinitramfs should be checked, if they need to include
920 udevadm in the list of files.
930 The etc/udev/rules.d/ directory now contains a default set of basic
931 udev rules. This initial version is the result of a rules file merge
932 of Fedora and openSUSE. For these both distros only a few specific
933 rules are left in their own file, named after the distro. Rules which
934 are optionally installed, because they are only valid for a specific
935 architecture, or rules for subsystems which are not always used are
936 in etc/udev/packages/.
942 Dynamic rules can be created in /dev/.udev/rules.d/ to trigger
943 actions by dynamically created rules.
945 SYMLINK=="<value>" matches agains the entries in the list of
946 currently defined symlinks. The links are not created in the
947 filesystem at that point in time, but the values can be matched.
949 RUN{ignore_error}+="<program>" will ignore any exit code from the
950 program and not record as a failed event.
956 Final merge of patches/features from the Ubuntu package.
962 Control characters in filesystem label strings are no longer silenty
963 removed, but hex-encoded, to be able to uniquely identify the device
964 by its symlink in /dev/disk/by-label/.
965 If libvolume_id is used by mount(8), LABEL= will work as expected,
966 if slashes or other characters are used in the label string.
968 To test the existence of a file, TEST=="<file>" and TEST!="<file>"
969 can be specified now. The TEST key accepts an optional mode mask
970 TEST{0100}=="<is executable file>".
972 Scsi_id now supports a mode without expecting scsi-specific sysfs
973 entries to allow the extraction of cciss-device persistent properties.
979 In the future, we may see uuid's which are just simple character
980 strings (see the DDF Raid Specification). For that reason vol_id now
981 exports ID_FS_UUID_SAFE, just like ID_FS_LABEL_SAFE. For things like
982 the creation of symlinks, the *_SAFE values ensure, that no control
983 or whitespace characters are used in the filename.
985 Possible users of libvolume_id, please use the volume_id_get_* functions.
986 The public struct will go away in a future release of the library.
992 Removal of useless extras/eventrecorder.sh.
1002 The directory multiplexer for dev.d/ and hotplug.d are finally removed
1003 from the udev package.
1009 Symlinks can have priorities now, the priority is assigned to the device
1010 and specified with OPTIONS="link_priority=100". Devices with higher
1011 priorities overwrite the symlinks of devices with lower priorities.
1012 If the device that currently owns the link, goes away, the symlink
1013 will be removed, and recreated, pointing to the next device with the
1014 highest actual priority. This should make /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid,id}
1015 more reliable, if multiple devices contain the same metadata and overwrite
1018 The dasd_id program is removed from the udev tree, and dasdinfo, with the
1019 needed rules, are part of the s390-tools now.
1021 Please add KERNEL=="[0-9]*:[0-9]*" to the scsi wait-for-sysfs rule,
1022 we may get the scsi sysfs mess fixed some day, and this will only catch
1023 the devices we are looking for.
1025 USB serial numbers for storage devices have the target:lun now appended,
1026 to make it possibble to distinguish broken multi-lun devices with all
1027 the same SCSI identifiers.
1029 Note: The extra "run_directory" which searches and executes stuff in
1030 /etc/hotplug.d/ and /etc/dev.d/ is long deprecated, and will be removed
1031 with the next release. Make sure, that you don't use it anymore, or
1032 provides your own implementation of that inefficient stuff.
1033 We are tired of reports about a "slow udev", because these directories
1034 contain stuff, that runs with _every_ event, instead of using rules,
1035 that run programs only for the matching events.
1045 DRIVER== will match only for devices that actually have a real
1046 driver. DRIVERS== must be used, if parent devices should be
1047 included in the match.
1049 Libvolume_id's "linux_raid" detection needed another fix.
1057 Add additional check to volume_id detection of via_raid, cause
1058 some company decided to put a matching pattern all over the empty
1059 storage area of their music players.
1063 Fix path_id for SAS devices.
1067 The udev daemon can be started with --debug-trace now, which will
1068 execute all events serialized to get a chance to catch a possible
1069 action that crashes the box.
1071 A warning is logged, if PHYSDEV* keys, the "device" link, or a parent
1072 device attribute like $attr{../file} is used, only WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rules
1073 are excluded from the warning. Referencing parent attributes directly
1074 may break when something in the kernel driver model changes. Udev will
1075 just find the attribute by walking up the parent chain.
1077 Udevtrigger now sorts the list of devices depending on the device
1078 dependency, so a "usb" device is triggered after the parent "pci"
1083 Revert persistent-storage ata-serial '_' '-' replacement.
1089 Udevtrigger can now filter the list of devices to be triggered. Matches
1090 for subsystems or sysfs attributes can be specified.
1092 The entries in /dev/.udev/queue and /dev/.udev/failed have changed to
1093 zero-sized files to avoid pointing to /sys and confuse broken tools which
1094 scan the /dev directory. To retry failed events, udevtrigger --retry-failed
1097 The rules and scripts to create udev rules for persistent network
1098 devices and optical drives are in the extras/rules_generator directory
1099 now. If you use something similar, please consider replacing your own
1100 version with this, to share the support effort. The rule_generator
1101 installs its own rules into /etc/udev/rules.d.
1103 The cdrom_id tool installs its own rule now in /etc/udev/rules.d, cause
1104 the rule_generator depends on cdrom_id to be called in an earlier rule.
1110 Renaming of some key names (the old names still work):
1111 BUS -> SUBSYSTEMS, ID -> KERNELS, SYSFS -> ATTRS, DRIVER -> DRIVERS.
1112 (The behavior of the key DRIVER will change soon in one of the next
1113 releases, to match only the event device, please switch to DRIVERS
1114 instead. If DRIVER is used, it will behave like DRIVERS, but an error
1116 With the new key names, we have a more consistent and simpler scheme.
1117 We can match the properties of the event device only, with: KERNEL,
1118 SUBSYSTEM, ATTR, DRIVER. Or include all the parent devices in the match,
1119 with: KERNELS, SUBSYSTEMS, ATTRS, DRIVERS. ID, BUS, SYSFS, DRIVER are no
1120 longer mentioned in the man page and should be switched in the rule
1123 ATTR{file}="value" can be used now, to write to a sysfs file of the
1124 event device. Instead of:
1125 ..., SYSFS{type}=="0|7|14", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo 60 > /sys$$DEVPATH/timeout'"
1127 ..., ATTR{type}=="0|7|14", ATTR{timeout}="60"
1129 All the PHYSDEV* keys are deprecated and will be removed from a
1131 PHYDEVPATH - is the path of a parent device and should not be
1133 PHYSDEVBUS - is just a SUBSYSTEM value of a parent, and can be
1134 matched with SUBSYSTEMS==
1135 PHYSDEVDRIVER - for bus devices it is available as ENV{DRIVER}.
1136 Newer kernels will have DRIVER in the environment,
1137 for older kernels udev puts in. Class device will
1138 no longer carry this property of a parent and
1139 DRIVERS== can be used to match such a parent value.
1140 Note that ENV{DRIVER} is only available for a few bus devices, where
1141 the driver is already bound at device event time. On coldplug, the
1142 events for a lot devices are already bound to a driver, and they will have
1143 that value set. But on hotplug, at the time the kernel creates the device,
1144 it can't know what driver may claim the device after that, therefore
1145 in most cases it will be empty.
1147 Failed events should now be re-triggered with:
1148 udevtrigger --retry-failed.
1149 Please switch to this command, so we keep the details of the /dev/.udev/failed/
1150 files private to the udev tools. We may need to switch the current symlink
1151 target, cause some obviously broken tools try to scan all files in /dev
1152 including /dev/.udev/, find the links to /sys and end up stat()'ing sysfs files
1153 million times. This takes ages on slow boxes.
1155 The udevinfo attribute walk (-a) now works with giving a device node
1156 name (-n) instead of a devpath (-p). The query now always works, also when
1157 no database file was created by udev.
1159 The built-in /etc/passwd /etc/group parser is removed, we always depend on
1160 getpwnam() and getgrnam() now. One of the next releases will depend on
1161 fnmatch() and may use getopt_long().
1165 Bugfixes and small improvements.
1169 Fix path_id for recent kernels.
1175 Added support for swapping network interface names, by temporarily
1176 renaming the device and wait for the target name to become free.
1180 The built-in MODALIAS key and substitution is removed.
1184 The binary firmware helper is replaced by the usual simple
1185 shell script. Udevsend is removed from the tree.
1193 Some more keys require the correct use of '==' and '=' depending
1194 on the kind of operation beeing an assignment or a match. Rules
1195 with invalid operations are skipped and logged to syslog. Please
1196 test with udevtest if the parsing of your rules throws errors and
1197 fix possibly broken rules.
1201 Provide "udevsettle" to wait for all current udev events to finish.
1202 It also watches the current kernel netlink queue by comparing the
1203 even sequence number to make sure that there are no current pending
1204 events that have not already arrived in the daemon.
1208 Fix rule to skip persistent rules for removable IDE devices, which
1209 also skipped optical IDE drives.
1211 All *_id program are installed in /lib/udev/ by default now.
1213 No binary is stripped anymore as this should be done in the
1214 packaging process and not at build time.
1216 libvolume_id is provided as a shared library now and vol_id is
1217 linked against it. Also one of the next HAL versions will require
1218 this library, and the HAL build process will also require the
1219 header file to be installed. The copy of the same code in HAL will
1220 be removed to have only a single copy left on the system.
1224 Add persistent links for SCSI tapes. The rules file is renamed
1225 to 60-persistent-storage.rules.
1227 Create persistent path for usb devices. Can be used for all sorts
1228 of devices that can't be distinguished by other properties like
1229 multiple identical keyboards and mice connected to the same box.
1231 Provide "udevtrigger" program to request events on coldplug. The
1232 shell script is much too slow with thousends of devices.
1236 Fix persistent disk rules to exclude removable IDE drives.
1238 Warn if %e, $modalias or MODALIAS is used.
1242 Fix queue export, which wasn't correct for subsequent add/remove
1243 events for the same device.
1247 Fix cramfs detection on big endian.
1249 Make WAIT_FOR_SYSFS usable in "normal" rules and silent if the whole
1254 If BUS== and SYSFS{}== have been used in the same rule, the sysfs
1255 attributes were only checked at the parent device that matched the
1256 by BUS requested subsystem. Fix it to also look at the device we
1257 received the event for.
1259 Build variable CROSS has changed to CROSS_COMPILE to match the kernel
1264 Fix a bug where NAME="" would prevent RUN from beeing executed.
1266 RUN="/bin/program" does not longer automatically add the subsystem
1267 as the first parameter. This is from the days of /sbin/hotplug
1268 which is dead now and it's just confusing to need to add a space at
1269 the end of the program name to prevent this.
1270 If you use rules that need the subsystem as the first parameter,
1271 like the old "udev_run_hotlugd" and "udev_run_devd", add the subsystem
1272 to the key like RUN+="/bin/program $env{SUBSYSTEM}".
1276 The udev man page has moved to udev(7) as it does not describe a command
1277 anymore. The programs udev, udevstart and udevsend are no longer installed
1278 by default and must be copied manually, if they should be installed or
1279 included in a package.
1281 Fix a bug where "ignore_device" could run earlier collected RUN keys before
1282 the ignore rule was applied.
1284 More preparation for future sysfs changes. usb_id and scsi_id no longer
1285 depend on a magic order of devices in the /devices chain. Specific devices
1286 should be requested by their subsytem.
1288 This will always find the scsi parent device without depending on a specific
1290 dev = sysfs_device_get(devpath);
1291 dev_usb = sysfs_device_get_parent_with_subsystem(dev, "scsi");
1293 The "device" link in the current sysfs layout will be automatically
1294 _resolved_ as a parent and in the new sysfs layout it will just _be_ the
1295 parent in the devpath. If a device is requested by it's symlink, like all
1296 class devices in the new sysfs layout will look like, it gets automatically
1297 resolved and substituted with the real devpath and not the symlink path.
1300 A similar logic must be applied to _all_ sysfs users, including
1301 scripts, that search along parent devices in sysfs. The explicit use of
1302 the "device" link must be avoided. With the future sysfs layout all
1303 DEVPATH's will start with /devices/ and have a "subsystem" symlink poiting
1304 back to the "class" or the "bus". The layout of the parent devices in
1305 /devices is not necessarily expected to be stable across kernel releases and
1306 searching for parents by their subsystem should make sysfs users tolerant
1307 for changed parent chains.
1311 Prepare udev to work with the experimental kernel patch, that moves
1312 /sys/class devices to /sys/devices and /sys/block to /sys/class/block.
1314 Clarify BUS, ID, $id usage and fix $id behavior. This prepares for
1315 moving the class devices to /sys/devices.
1317 Thanks again to Marco for help finding a hopefully nice compromise
1318 to make %b simpler and working again.
1322 Complete removal of libsysfs, replaced by simple helper functions
1323 which are much simpler and a bit faster. The udev daemon operatesentirely
1324 on event parameters and does not use sysfs for simple rules anymore.
1325 Please report any new bugs/problems, that may be caused by this big
1326 change. They will be fixed immediately.
1328 The enumeration format character '%e' is deprecated and will be
1329 removed sometimes from a future udev version. It never worked correctly
1330 outside of udevstart, so we can't use it with the new parallel
1331 coldplug. A simple enumeration is as useless as the devfs naming
1332 scheme, just get rid of both if you still use it.
1334 MODALIAS and $modalias is not needed and will be removed from one of
1335 the next udev versions, replace it in all rules with ENV{MODALIAS} or
1336 the sysfs "modalias" value.
1338 Thanks a lot to Marco for all his help on finding and fixing bugs.
1342 Let scsi_id request libata drive serial numbers from page 0x80.
1344 Renamed etc/udev/persistent.rules to persistent-disk.rules and
1345 added /dev/disk/by-name/* for device mapper device names.
1347 Removed %e from the man page. It never worked reliably outside
1348 of udevstart and udevstart is no longer recommended to use.
1352 Symlinks are now exported to the event environment. Hopefully it's no
1353 longer needed to run udevinfo from an event process, like it was
1354 mentioned on the hotplug list:
1355 UDEV [1134776873.702967] add@/block/sdb
1358 DEVLINKS=/dev/disk/by-id/usb-IBM_Memory_Key_0218B301030027E8 /dev/disk/by-path/usb-0218B301030027E8:0:0:0
1362 Fix a problem if udevsend is used as the hotplug handler and tries to use
1363 syslog, which causes a "vc" event loop. 2.6.15 will make udevsend obsolete
1364 and this kind of problems will hopefully go away soon.
1368 All built-in logic to work around bad sysfs timing is removed with this
1369 version. The need to wait for sysfs files is almost fixed with a kernel
1370 version that doesn't work with this udev version anyway. Until we fix
1371 the timing of the "bus" link creation, the former integrated logic should
1372 be emulated by a rule placed before all other rules:
1373 ACTION=="add", DEVPATH=="/devices/*", ENV{PHYSDEVBUS}=="?*", WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="bus"
1375 The option "udev_db" does no longer exist. All udev state will be in
1376 /$udev_root/.udev/ now, there is no longer an option to set this
1378 If the init script or something else used this value, just depend on
1379 this hardcoded path. But remember _all_content_ of this directory is
1380 still private to udev and can change at any time.
1382 Default location for rule sripts and helper programs is now: /lib/udev/.
1383 Everything that is not useful on the commandline should go into this
1384 directory. Some of the helpers in the extras folder are installed there
1385 now. The rules need to be changed, to find the helpers there.
1387 Also /lib/udev/devices is recommended as a directory where packages or
1388 the user can place real device nodes, which get copied over to /dev at
1389 every boot. This should replace the various solutions with custom config
1392 Udevsend does no longer start the udev daemon. This must be done with
1393 the init script that prepares /dev on tmpfs and creates the initial nodes,
1394 before starting the daemon.
1398 Silent a too verbose error logging for the old hotplug.d/ dev.d/
1401 The copy of klibc is removed. A systemwide installed version of klibc
1402 should be used to build a klibc udev now.
1406 NAME="" will not create any nodes, but execute RUN keys. To completely
1407 ignore an event the OPTION "ignore_device" should be used.
1409 After removal of the reorder queue, events with a TIMEOUT can be executed
1410 without any queuing now.
1414 Fixed bug in udevd, if inotify is not available. We depend on netlink
1415 uevents now, kernels without that event source will not work with that
1416 version of udev anymore.
1420 The rule parsing happens now in the daemon once at startup, all udev
1421 event processes inherit the already parsed rules from the daemon.
1422 It is shipped with SUSE10.0 and reduces heavily the system load at
1423 startup. The option to save precompiled rules and let the udev process
1424 pick the them up is removed, as it's no longer needed.
1426 Kernel 2.6.15 will have symlinks at /class/input pointing to the real
1427 device. Libsysfs is changed to "translate" the requested link into the
1428 real device path, as it would happen with the hotplug event. Otherwise
1429 device removal and the udev database will not work.
1431 Using 'make STRIPCMD=' will leave the binaries unstripped for debugging
1434 A few improvements for vol_id, the filesytem probing code.
1438 Fix a stupid typo in extras/run_directory for "make install".
1440 scsi_id creates the temporary devnode now in /dev for usage with a
1441 non-writable /tmp directory.
1443 The uevent kernel socket buffer can carry app. 50.000 events now,
1444 let's see who can break this again. :)
1446 The upcoming kernel will have a new input driver core integration.
1447 Some class devices are now symlinks to the real device. libsysfs
1448 needs a fix for this to work correctly. Udevstart of older udev
1449 versions will _not_ create these devices!
1453 Fix a 'install' target in the Makefile, that prevents EXTRAS from
1458 A bunch of mostly trivial bugfixes. From now on no node name or
1459 symlink name can contain any character than plain whitelisted ascii
1460 characters or validated utf8 byte-streams. This is needed for the
1461 /dev/disk/by-label/* links, because we import untrusted data and
1462 export it to the filesystem.
1466 More bugfixes. If udevd was started from the kernel, we don't
1467 have stdin/stdout/stderr, which broke the forked tools in some
1472 Bugfix. udevstart event ordering was broken for a long time.
1473 The new run_program() uncovered it, because /dev/null was not
1474 available while we try to run external programs.
1475 Now udevstart should create it before we run anything.
1479 Minor bugfixes and some distro rules updates. If you don't have the
1480 persistent disk rules in /dev/disk/by-*/* on your distro, just
1481 grab it from here. :)
1485 We can use socket communication now to pass events from udev to
1487 RUN+="socket:/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event"
1488 will pass the whole udev event to the HAL daemon without the need
1489 for a forked helper. (See ChangeLog for udevmonitor, as an example)
1493 Mostly bugfixes and see ChangeLog.
1495 The test for the existence of an environment value should be
1497 ENV{KEY}=="*" to ENV{KEY}=="?*"
1498 because "*" will not fail anymore, if the key does not exist or
1503 Bugfixes and a few tweaks described in the ChangeLog.
1507 Mostly a Bugfix release.
1509 Added WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="<attribute>" to be able to fight against the sysfs
1510 timing with custom rules.
1514 We changed the internal rule storage format. Our large rule files took
1515 2 MB of RAM, with the change we are down to 99kB.
1517 If the device-node has been created with default name and no symlink or
1518 options are to remenber, it is not longer stored in the udevdb. HAL will
1519 need to be updated to work correctly with that change.
1521 To overrride optimization flags, OPTFLAGS may be used now.
1529 Major changes happened with this release. The goal is to take over the
1530 complete kernel-event handling and provide a more efficient way to dispatch
1531 kernel events. Replacing most of the current shell script logic and the
1532 kernel forked helper with a netlink-daemon and a rule-based event handling.
1534 o udevd listens to netlink events now. The first valid netlink event
1535 will make udevd ignore any message from udevsend that contains a
1536 SEQNUM, to avoid duplicate events. The forked events can be disabled
1538 echo "" > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
1539 For full support, the broken input-subsytem needs to be fixed, not to
1540 bypass the driver core.
1542 o /etc/dev.d/ + /etc/hotplug.d/ directory multiplexing is completely
1543 removed from udev itself and must be emulated by calling small
1544 helper binaries provided in the extras folder:
1545 make EXTRAS=extras/run_directory/
1546 will build udev_run_devd and udev_run_hotplugd, which can be called
1547 from a rule if needed:
1548 RUN+="/sbin/udev_run_hotplugd"
1549 The recommended way to handle this is to convert all the calls from
1550 the directories to explicit udev rules and get completely rid of the
1551 multiplexing. (To catch a ttyUSB event, you now no longer need to
1552 fork and exit 300 tty script instances you are not interested in, it
1553 is just one rule that matches exactly the device.)
1555 o udev handles now _all_ events not just events for class and block
1556 devices, this way it is possible to control the complete event
1557 behavior with udev rules. Especially useful for rules like:
1558 ACTION="add", DEVPATH="/devices/*", MODALIAS=="?*", RUN+="/sbin/modprobe $modalias"
1560 o As used in the modalias rule, udev supports now textual
1561 substitution placeholder along with the usual format chars. This
1562 needs to be documented, for now it's only visible in udev_rules_parse.c.
1564 o The rule keys support now more operations. This is documented in the
1565 man page. It is possible to add values to list-keys like the SYMLINK
1566 and RUN list with KEY+="value" and to clear the list by assigning KEY="".
1567 Also "final"-assignments are supported by using KEY:="value", which will
1568 prevent changing the key by any later rule.
1570 o kernel 2.6.12 has the "detached_state" attribute removed from
1571 sysfs, which was used to recognize sysfs population. We switched that
1572 to wait for the "bus" link, which is only available in kernels after 2.6.11.
1573 Running this udev version on older kernels may cause a short delay for
1576 o To provide infrastructure for persistent device naming, the id programs:
1577 scsi_id, vol_id (former udev_volume_id), and ata_id (new) are able now
1578 to export the probed data in environment key format:
1579 pim:~ # /sbin/ata_id --export /dev/hda
1580 ID_MODEL=HTS726060M9AT00
1581 ID_SERIAL=MRH401M4G6UM9B
1582 ID_REVISION=MH4OA6BA
1584 The following rules:
1585 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", IMPORT="/sbin/ata_id --export $tempnode"
1586 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", ENV{ID_SERIAL}=="?*", SYMLINK+="disk/by-id/$env{ID_MODEL}_$env{ID_SERIAL}"
1589 kay@pim:~> tree /dev/disk
1592 | |-- HTS726060M9AT00_MRH401M4G6UM9B -> ../../hda
1593 | `-- IBM-Memory_Key -> ../../sda
1595 | |-- swap -> ../../hda1
1596 | |-- date -> ../../sda1
1597 | `-- home -> ../../hda3
1599 |-- 2E08712B0870F2E7 -> ../../hda3
1600 |-- 9352cfef-7687-47bc-a2a3-34cf136f72e1 -> ../../hda1
1601 |-- E845-7A89 -> ../../sda1
1602 `-- b2a61681-3812-4f13-a4ff-920d70604299 -> ../../hda2
1604 The IMPORT= operation will import these keys in the environment and make
1605 it available for later PROGRAM= and RUN= executed programs. The keys are
1606 also stored in the udevdb and can be queried from there with one of the
1609 o A few binaries are silently added to the repository, which can be used
1610 to replay kernel events from initramfs instead of using coldplug. udevd
1611 can be instructed now to queue-up events while the stored events from
1612 initramfs are filled into the udevd-queue. This code is still under
1613 development and there is no documentation now besides the code itself.
1614 The additional binaries get compiled, but are not installed by default.
1616 o There is also a temporary fix for a performance problem where too many
1617 events happen in parallel and every event needs to parse the rules.
1618 udev can now read precompiled rules stored on disk. This is likely to be
1619 replaced by a more elegant solution in a future udev version.
1623 With kernel version 2.6.12, the sysfs file "detached_state" was removed.
1624 Fix for libsysfs not to expect this file was added.
1628 All rules are applied now, but only the first matching rule with a NAME-key
1629 will be applied. All later rules with NAME-key are completely ignored. This
1630 way system supplied symlinks or permissions gets applied to user-defined
1634 Please check your rules setup, if you may need to add OPTIONS="last_rule"
1635 to some rules, to keep the old behavior.
1637 The rules are read on "remove"-events too. That makes is possible to match
1638 with keys that are available on remove (KERNEL, SUBSYSTEM, ID, ENV, ...) to
1639 instruct udev to ignore an event (OPTIONS="ignore_device").
1640 The new ACTION-key may be used to let a rule act only at a "remove"-event.
1642 The new RUN-key supports rule-based execution of programs after device-node
1643 handling. This is meant as a general replacement for the dev.d/-directories
1644 to give fine grained control over the execution of programs.
1646 The %s{}-sysfs format char replacement values are searched at any of the
1647 devices in the device chain now, not only at the class-device.
1649 We support log priority levels now. The value udev_log in udev.conf is used
1650 to determine what is printed to syslog. This makes it possible to
1651 run a version with compiled-in debug messages in a production environment
1652 which is sometimes needed to find a bug.
1653 It is still possible to supress the inclusion of _any_ syslog usage with
1654 USE_LOG=false to create the smallest possible binaries if needed.
1655 The configured udev_log value can be overridden with the environment variable
1660 Possible use of a system-wide klibc:
1661 make USE_KLIBC=true KLCC=/usr/bin/klcc all
1662 will link against an external klibc and our own version will be ignored.
1666 We support an unlimited count of symlinks now.
1668 If USE_STATIC=true is passed to a glibc build, we link statically and use
1669 a built-in userdb parser to resolve user and group names.
1671 The PLACE= key is gone. It can be replaced by an ID= for a long time, because
1672 we walk up the chain of physical devices to find a match.
1674 The KEY="<value>" format supports '=', '==', '!=,' , '+=' now. This makes it
1675 easy to skip certain attribute matches without composing rules with weird
1676 character class negations like:
1677 KERNEL="[!s][!c][!d]*"
1678 this can now be replaced with:
1680 The current simple '=' is still supported, and should work as it does today,
1681 but existing rules should be converted if possible, to be better readable.
1683 We have new ENV{}== key now, to match against a maximum of 5 environment
1686 udevstart is its own binary again, because we don't need co carry this araound
1687 with every forked event.