5 Kernels with SYSFS_DEPRECATED=y are not supported since a while. Many users
6 depend on the current sysfs layout and the information not available in the
7 deprecated layout. All remaining support for the deprecated sysfs layout is
12 Fix for a possible endless loop in the new input_id program.
18 The option "ignore_device" does no longer exist. There is no way to
19 ignore an event, as libudev events can not be suppressed by rules.
20 It only prevented RUN keys from being executed, which results in an
21 inconsistent behavior in current setups.
23 BUS=, SYSFS{}=, ID= are long deprecated and should be SUBSYSTEM(S)=,
24 ATTR(S){}=, KERNEL(S)=. It will cause a warning once for every rule
27 The support for the deprecated IDE devices has been removed from the
28 default set of rules. Distros who still care about non-libata drivers
29 need to add the rules to the compat rules file.
31 The ID_CLASS property on input devices has been replaced by the more accurate
32 set of flags ID_INPUT_{KEYBOARD,KEY,MOUSE,TOUCHPAD,TABLET,JOYSTICK}. These are
33 determined by the new "input_id" prober now. Some devices, such as touchpads,
34 can have several classes. So if you previously had custom udev rules which e. g.
35 checked for ENV{ID_CLASS}=="kbd", you need to replace this with
36 ENV{ID_INPUT_KEYBOARD}=="?*".
42 To support DEVPATH strings larger than the maximum file name length, the
43 private udev database format has changed. If some software still reads the
44 private files in /dev/.udev/, which it shouldn't, now it's time to fix it.
45 Please do not port anything to the new format again, everything in /dev/.udev
46 is and always was private to udev, and may and will change any time without
49 Multiple devices claiming the same names in /dev are limited to symlinks
50 only now. Mixing identical symlink names and node names is not supported.
51 This reduces the amount of data in the database significantly.
53 NAME="%k" causes a warning now. It's is and always was completely superfluous.
54 It will break kernel supplied DEVNAMEs and therefore it needs to be removed
57 Most NAME= instructions got removed. Kernel 2.6.31 supplies the needed names
58 if they are not the default. To support older kernels, the NAME= rules need to
59 be added to the compat rules file.
61 Symlinks to udevadm with the old command names are no longer resolved to
64 The udev-acl tool got adopted to changes in ConsoleKit. Version 0.4.1 is
67 The option "last_rule" does no longer exist. Its use breaks too many
68 things which expect to be run from independent later rules, and is an idication
69 that something needs to be fixed properly instead.
71 The gudev API is no longer marked as experimental,
72 G_UDEV_API_IS_SUBJECT_TO_CHANGE is no longer needed. The gudev introspection
73 is enabled by default now. Various projects already depend on introspection
74 information to bind dynamic languages to the gudev interfaces.
80 The udevadm trigger "--retry-failed" option, which is replaced since quite
81 a while by "--type=failed" is removed.
83 The failed tracking was not working at all for a few releases. The RUN
84 option "ignore_error" is replaced by a "fail_event_on_error" option, and the
85 default is not to track any failing RUN executions.
87 New keymaps, new modem, hid2hci updated.
91 Fix possible crash in udevd when worker processes are busy, rules are
92 changed at the same time, and workers get killed to reload the rules.
98 Properties set with ENV{.FOO}="bar" are marked private by starting the
99 name with a '.'. They will not be stored in the database, and not be
100 exported with the event.
102 Firmware files are looked up in:
103 /lib/firmware/updates/$(uname -r)
104 /lib/firmware/updates
105 /lib/firmware/$(uname -r)
109 ATA devices switched the property from ID_BUS=scsi to ID_BUS=ata.
110 ata_id, instead of scsi_id, is the default tool now for ATA devices.
116 The configure options have changed because another library needs to be
117 installed in a different location. Instead of exec_prefix and udev_prefix,
118 libdir, rootlibdir and libexecdir are used. The Details are explained in
121 Event processes now get re-used after they handled an event. This reduces
122 the number of forks and the pressure on the CPU significantly, because
123 cloned event processes no longer cause page faults in the main daemon.
124 After the events have settled, a few worker processes stay around for
125 future events, all others get cleaned up.
127 To be able to use signalfd(), udev depends on kernel version 2.6.25 now.
128 Also inotify support is mandatory now to run udev.
130 The format of the queue exported by the udev damon has changed. There is
131 no longer a /dev/.udev/queue/ directory. The current event queue can be
132 accessed with udevadm settle and libudedv.
134 Libudev does not have the unstable API header anymore. From now on,
135 incompatible changes will be handled by bumping the library major version.
137 To build udev from the git tree gtk-doc is needed now. The tarballs will
138 build without it and contain the pre-built documentation. An online copy
140 http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/libudev/
142 The tools from the udev-extras repository have been merged into the main
143 udev repository. Some of the extras have larger external dependencies, and
144 they can be disabled with the configure switch --disable-extras.
150 The program vol_id and the library libvolume_id are removed from the
151 repository. Libvolume_id is merged with libblkid from the util-linux-ng
152 package. Persistent disk links for label and uuid depend on the
153 util-linux-ng version (2.15) of blkid now. Older versions of blkid
154 can not be used with udev.
156 Libudev allows to subscribe to udev events. To prevent unwanted messages
157 to be delivered, and waking up the subscribing process, a filter can be
158 installed, to drop messages inside a kernel socket filter. The filters
159 match on the <subsytem>:<devtype> properties of the device.
160 This is part of the ongoing effort to replace HAL, and switch current
161 users over to directly use libudev.
162 Libudev is still marked as experimental, and its interface might
163 eventually change if needed, but no major changes of the currently exported
164 interface are expected anymore, and a first stable release should happen
167 A too old kernel (2.6.21) or a kernel with CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED
168 is not supported since while and udevd will log an error message at
169 startup. It should still be able to boot-up, but advanced rules and system
170 services which depend on the information not available in the old sysfs
171 format will fail to work correctly.
173 DVB device naming is supplied by the kernel now. In case older kernels
174 need to be supported, the old shell script should be added to a compat
181 The processed udev events get send back to the netlink socket. Libudev
182 provides access to these events. This is work-in-progress, to replace
183 the DeviceKit daemon functionality directly with libudev. There are
184 upcoming kernel changes to allow non-root users to subcribe to these
191 "udevadm settle" now optionally accepts a range of events to wait for,
192 instead of waiting for "all" events.
198 The installed watch for block device metadata changes is now removed
199 during event hadling, because some (broken) tools may be called from udev
200 rules and (wrongly) open the device with write access. After the finished
201 event handling the watch is restored.
207 Device nodes can be watched for changes with inotify with OPTIONS="watch".
208 If closed after being opened for writing, a "change" uevent will occur.
209 /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid}/* symlinks will be automatically updated.
215 The udevadm test command has no longer a --force option, nodes and symlinks
216 are always updated with a test run now.
218 The udevd daemon can be started with --resolve-names=never to avoid all user
219 and group lookups (e.g. in cut-down systems) or --resolve-names=late to
220 lookup user and groups every time events are handled.
226 We are currently merging the Ubuntu rules in the udev default rules,
227 and get one step closer to provide a common Linux /dev setup, regarding
228 device names, symlinks, and default device permissions. On udev startup,
229 we now expect the following groups to be resolvable to their ids with
231 disk, cdrom, floppy, tape, audio, video, lp, tty, dialout, kmem.
232 LDAP setups need to make sure, that these groups are always resolvable at
233 bootup, with only the rootfs mounted, and without network access available.
235 Some systems may need to add some new, currently not used groups, or need
236 to add some users to new groups, but the cost of this change is minimal,
237 compared to the pain the current, rather random, differences between the
238 various distributions cause for upstream projects and third-party vendors.
240 In general, "normal" users who log into a machine should never be a member
241 of any such group, but the device-access should be managed by dynamic ACLs,
242 which get added and removed for the specific users on login/logout and
243 session activity/inactivity. These groups are only provided for custom setups,
244 and mainly system services, to allow proper privilege separation.
245 A video-streaming daemon uid would be a member of "audio" and "video", to get
246 access to the sound and video devices, but no "normal" user should ever belong
247 to the "audio" group, because he could listen to the built-in microphone with
248 any ssh-session established from the other side of the world.
250 /dev/serial/by-{id,path}/ now contains links for ttyUSB devices,
251 which do not depend on the kernel device name. As usual, unique
252 devices - only a single one per product connected, or a real
253 USB serial number in the device - are always found with the same
254 name in the by-id/ directory.
255 Completely identical devices may overwrite their names in by-id/
256 and can only be found reliably in the by-path/ directory. Devices
257 specified by by-path/ must not change their connection, like the
258 USB port number they are plugged in, to keep their name.
260 To support some advanced features, Linux 2.6.22 is the oldest supported
261 version now. The kernel config with enabled SYSFS_DEPRECATED is no longer
262 supported. Older kernels should still work, and devices nodes should be
263 reliably created, but some rules and libudev will not work correctly because
264 the old kernels do not provide the expected information or interfaces.
270 Fix for a possible segfault while swapping network interface names in udev
277 The group "video" is part of the default rules now.
281 Bugfix for kernels using SYSFS_DEPRECATED* option and finding parent
282 block devices in some cases. No common distro uses this option anymore,
283 and we do not get enough testing for this and recent udev versions. If
284 this option is not needed to run some old distro with a new kernel,
285 it should be disabled in the kernel config.
287 Bugfix for the $links substitution variable, which may crash if no links
288 are created. This should not happen in usual setups because we always
289 create /dev/{block,char}/ links.
291 The strings of the parsed rules, which are kept in memory, no longer
292 contain duplicate entries, or duplicate tails of strings. This, and the
293 new rules parsing/matching code reduces the total in-memory size of
294 a huge distro rule sets to 0.08 MB, compared to the 1.2MB of udev
297 The export of DEVTYPE=disk/partition got removed from the default
298 rules. This value is available from the kernel. The pnp shell script
299 modprobe hack is removed from the default rules. ACPI devices have _proper_
300 modalias support and take care of the same functionality.
301 Installations which support old kernels, but install current default
302 udev rules may want to add that to the compat rules file.
304 Libvolume_id now always probes for all known filesystems, and does not
305 stop at the first match. Some filesystems are marked as "exclusive probe",
306 and if any other filesytem type matches at the same time, libvolume_id
307 will, by default, not return any probing result. This is intended to prevent
308 mis-detection with conflicting left-over signatures found from earlier
309 file system formats. That way, we no longer depend on the probe-order
310 in case of multiple competing signatures. In some setups the kernel allows
311 to mount a volume with just the old filesystem signature still in place.
312 This may damage the new filesystem and cause data-loss, just by mounting
313 it. Because volume_id can not decide which one the correct signature is,
314 the wrong signatures need to be removed manually from the volume, or the
315 volume needs to be reformatted, to enable filesystem detection and possible
320 Fix segfault if compiled without optimization and dbg() does not get
321 compiled out and uses variables which are not available.
325 Bugfixes. (And maybe new bugs. :))
327 The rule matching engine got converted from a rule list to a token
328 array which reduced the in-memory rules representation of a full
329 featured distros with thousends of udev rules from 1.2MB to 0.12 MB.
330 Limits like 5 ENV and ATTR matches, and one single instance for most
331 other keys per rule are gone.
333 The NAME assignment is no longer special cased. If later rules assign
334 a NAME value again, the former value will be overwritten. As usual
335 for most other keys, the NAME value can be protected by doing a final
336 assignment with NAME:="<value>".
338 All udev code now uses libudev, which is also exported. The library
339 is still under development, marked as experimental, and its interface
340 may change as long as the DeviceKit integration is not finished.
342 Many thanks to Alan Jenkins for his continuous help, and finding and
343 optimizing some of the computing expensive parts.
349 Kernel devices and device nodes are connected now by reverse indizes in
350 /sys and /dev. A device number retrieved by a stat() or similar, the
351 kernel device directory can be found by looking up:
352 /sys/dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
353 and the device node of the same device by looking up:
354 /dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
358 Fix recently introduced bug, which caused a compilation without large
359 file support, where vol_id does not recognize raid signatures at the end
362 Firewire disks now create both, by-id/scsi-* and by-id/ieee-* links.
363 Seems some kernel versions prevent the creation of the ieee-* links,
364 so people used the scsi-* link which disappeared now.
366 More libudev work. Almost all udevadm functionality comes from libudev
369 udevadm trigger has a new option --type, which allows to trigger events
370 for "devices", for "subsystems", or "failed" devices. The old option
371 --retry-failed" still works, but is no longer mentioned in the man page.
377 The udevadm info --device-id-of-file= output has changed to use
378 the obvious format. Possible current users should use the --export
379 option which is not affected.
381 The old udev commands symlinks to udevadm are not installed, if
382 these symlinks are used, a warning is printed.
388 Optical drive's media is no longer probed for raid signatures,
389 reading the end of the device causes some devices to malfunction.
390 Also the offset of the last session found is used now to probe
393 The volume_id library got a major version number update to 1,
394 some deprecated functions are removed.
396 A shared library "libudev" gets installed now to provide access
397 to udev device information. DeviceKit, the successor of HAL, will
398 need this library to access the udev database and search sysfs for
400 The library is currently in an experimental state, also the API is
401 expected to change, as long as the DeviceKit integration is not
406 We use ./configure now. See INSTALL for details. Current
409 "/usr" - prefix for man pages, include files
411 "" - the root filesystem, prefix for libs and binaries
415 "lib" - directory name for libraries, not a path name
416 multilib 64bit systems may use "lib64" instead of "lib"
418 compile-in verbose debug messages
420 disable all logging and compile-out all log strings
422 link against SELInux libraries, to set the expected context
425 In the default rules, the group "disk" gets permissions 0660 instead
426 of 0640. One small step closer to unify distro rules. Some day, all
427 distros hopefully end up with the same set of rules.
429 No symlinks to udevadm are installed anymore, if they are still needed,
430 they should be provided by the package.
436 Default udev rules, which are not supposed to be edited by the user, should
437 be placed in /lib/udev/rules.d/ now, to make it clear that they are private to
438 the udev package and will be replaced with an update. Udev will pick up rule
440 /lib/udev/rules.d/ - default installed rules
441 /etc/udev/rules.d/ - user rules + on-the-fly generated rules
442 /dev/.udev/rules.d/ - temporary non-persistent rules created after bootup
443 It does not matter in which directory a rule file lives, all files are sorted
446 To help creating /dev/root, we have now:
447 $ udevadm info --export --export-prefix="ROOT_" --device-id-of-file=/
450 In case the current --device-id-of-file is already used, please switch to
451 the --export format version, it saves the output parsing and the old
452 format will be changed to use ':' as a separator, like the format in the
457 Fix cdrom_id to properly recognize blank media.
463 Tape drive id-data is queried from /dev/bsg/* instead of the tape
464 nodes. This avoids rewinding tapes on open().
470 The symlinks udevcontrol and udevtrigger are no longer installed by
473 The scsi_id program does not depend on sysfs anymore. It can speak
474 SGv4 now, so /dev/bsg/* device nodes can be used, to query SCSI device
475 data, which should solve some old problems with tape devices, where
476 we better do not open all tape device nodes to identify the device.
482 The cdrom_id program is replaced by an advanced version, which can
483 detect most common device types, and also properties of the inserted
484 media. This is part of moving some basic functionality from HAL into
485 udev (and the kernel).
491 The last WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rule is removed from the default rules.
493 The symlinks to udevadm for the debugging tools: udevmonitor and
494 udevtest are no longer created.
496 The symlinks to the udevadm man page for the old tool names are
499 Abstract namespace sockets paths in RUN+="socket:@<path>" rules,
500 should be prefixed with '@' to indicate that the path is not a
511 Udevstart is removed from the tree, it did not get installed for
512 a long time now, and is long replaced by trigger and settle.
518 All udev tools are merged into a single binary called udevadm.
519 The old names of the tools are built-in commands in udevadm now.
520 Symlinks to udevadm, with the names of the old tools, provide
521 the same functionality as the standalone tools. There is also
522 only a single udevadm.8 man page left for all tools.
524 Tools like mkinitramfs should be checked, if they need to include
525 udevadm in the list of files.
535 The etc/udev/rules.d/ directory now contains a default set of basic
536 udev rules. This initial version is the result of a rules file merge
537 of Fedora and openSUSE. For these both distros only a few specific
538 rules are left in their own file, named after the distro. Rules which
539 are optionally installed, because they are only valid for a specific
540 architecture, or rules for subsystems which are not always used are
541 in etc/udev/packages/.
547 Dynamic rules can be created in /dev/.udev/rules.d/ to trigger
548 actions by dynamically created rules.
550 SYMLINK=="<value>" matches agains the entries in the list of
551 currently defined symlinks. The links are not created in the
552 filesystem at that point in time, but the values can be matched.
554 RUN{ignore_error}+="<program>" will ignore any exit code from the
555 program and not record as a failed event.
561 Final merge of patches/features from the Ubuntu package.
567 Control characters in filesystem label strings are no longer silenty
568 removed, but hex-encoded, to be able to uniquely identify the device
569 by its symlink in /dev/disk/by-label/.
570 If libvolume_id is used by mount(8), LABEL= will work as expected,
571 if slashes or other characters are used in the label string.
573 To test the existence of a file, TEST=="<file>" and TEST!="<file>"
574 can be specified now. The TEST key accepts an optional mode mask
575 TEST{0100}=="<is executable file>".
577 Scsi_id now supports a mode without expecting scsi-specific sysfs
578 entries to allow the extraction of cciss-device persistent properties.
584 In the future, we may see uuid's which are just simple character
585 strings (see the DDF Raid Specification). For that reason vol_id now
586 exports ID_FS_UUID_SAFE, just like ID_FS_LABEL_SAFE. For things like
587 the creation of symlinks, the *_SAFE values ensure, that no control
588 or whitespace characters are used in the filename.
590 Possible users of libvolume_id, please use the volume_id_get_* functions.
591 The public struct will go away in a future release of the library.
597 Removal of useless extras/eventrecorder.sh.
607 The directory multiplexer for dev.d/ and hotplug.d are finally removed
608 from the udev package.
614 Symlinks can have priorities now, the priority is assigned to the device
615 and specified with OPTIONS="link_priority=100". Devices with higher
616 priorities overwrite the symlinks of devices with lower priorities.
617 If the device that currently owns the link, goes away, the symlink
618 will be removed, and recreated, pointing to the next device with the
619 highest actual priority. This should make /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid,id}
620 more reliable, if multiple devices contain the same metadata and overwrite
623 The dasd_id program is removed from the udev tree, and dasdinfo, with the
624 needed rules, are part of the s390-tools now.
626 Please add KERNEL=="[0-9]*:[0-9]*" to the scsi wait-for-sysfs rule,
627 we may get the scsi sysfs mess fixed some day, and this will only catch
628 the devices we are looking for.
630 USB serial numbers for storage devices have the target:lun now appended,
631 to make it possibble to distinguish broken multi-lun devices with all
632 the same SCSI identifiers.
634 Note: The extra "run_directory" which searches and executes stuff in
635 /etc/hotplug.d/ and /etc/dev.d/ is long deprecated, and will be removed
636 with the next release. Make sure, that you don't use it anymore, or
637 provides your own implementation of that inefficient stuff.
638 We are tired of reports about a "slow udev", because these directories
639 contain stuff, that runs with _every_ event, instead of using rules,
640 that run programs only for the matching events.
650 DRIVER== will match only for devices that actually have a real
651 driver. DRIVERS== must be used, if parent devices should be
652 included in the match.
654 Libvolume_id's "linux_raid" detection needed another fix.
662 Add additional check to volume_id detection of via_raid, cause
663 some company decided to put a matching pattern all over the empty
664 storage area of their music players.
668 Fix path_id for SAS devices.
672 The udev daemon can be started with --debug-trace now, which will
673 execute all events serialized to get a chance to catch a possible
674 action that crashes the box.
676 A warning is logged, if PHYSDEV* keys, the "device" link, or a parent
677 device attribute like $attr{../file} is used, only WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rules
678 are excluded from the warning. Referencing parent attributes directly
679 may break when something in the kernel driver model changes. Udev will
680 just find the attribute by walking up the parent chain.
682 Udevtrigger now sorts the list of devices depending on the device
683 dependency, so a "usb" device is triggered after the parent "pci"
688 Revert persistent-storage ata-serial '_' '-' replacement.
694 Udevtrigger can now filter the list of devices to be triggered. Matches
695 for subsystems or sysfs attributes can be specified.
697 The entries in /dev/.udev/queue and /dev/.udev/failed have changed to
698 zero-sized files to avoid pointing to /sys and confuse broken tools which
699 scan the /dev directory. To retry failed events, udevtrigger --retry-failed
702 The rules and scripts to create udev rules for persistent network
703 devices and optical drives are in the extras/rules_generator directory
704 now. If you use something similar, please consider replacing your own
705 version with this, to share the support effort. The rule_generator
706 installs its own rules into /etc/udev/rules.d.
708 The cdrom_id tool installs its own rule now in /etc/udev/rules.d, cause
709 the rule_generator depends on cdrom_id to be called in an earlier rule.
715 Renaming of some key names (the old names still work):
716 BUS -> SUBSYSTEMS, ID -> KERNELS, SYSFS -> ATTRS, DRIVER -> DRIVERS.
717 (The behavior of the key DRIVER will change soon in one of the next
718 releases, to match only the event device, please switch to DRIVERS
719 instead. If DRIVER is used, it will behave like DRIVERS, but an error
721 With the new key names, we have a more consistent and simpler scheme.
722 We can match the properties of the event device only, with: KERNEL,
723 SUBSYSTEM, ATTR, DRIVER. Or include all the parent devices in the match,
724 with: KERNELS, SUBSYSTEMS, ATTRS, DRIVERS. ID, BUS, SYSFS, DRIVER are no
725 longer mentioned in the man page and should be switched in the rule
728 ATTR{file}="value" can be used now, to write to a sysfs file of the
729 event device. Instead of:
730 ..., SYSFS{type}=="0|7|14", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo 60 > /sys$$DEVPATH/timeout'"
732 ..., ATTR{type}=="0|7|14", ATTR{timeout}="60"
734 All the PHYSDEV* keys are deprecated and will be removed from a
736 PHYDEVPATH - is the path of a parent device and should not be
738 PHYSDEVBUS - is just a SUBSYSTEM value of a parent, and can be
739 matched with SUBSYSTEMS==
740 PHYSDEVDRIVER - for bus devices it is available as ENV{DRIVER}.
741 Newer kernels will have DRIVER in the environment,
742 for older kernels udev puts in. Class device will
743 no longer carry this property of a parent and
744 DRIVERS== can be used to match such a parent value.
745 Note that ENV{DRIVER} is only available for a few bus devices, where
746 the driver is already bound at device event time. On coldplug, the
747 events for a lot devices are already bound to a driver, and they will have
748 that value set. But on hotplug, at the time the kernel creates the device,
749 it can't know what driver may claim the device after that, therefore
750 in most cases it will be empty.
752 Failed events should now be re-triggered with:
753 udevtrigger --retry-failed.
754 Please switch to this command, so we keep the details of the /dev/.udev/failed/
755 files private to the udev tools. We may need to switch the current symlink
756 target, cause some obviously broken tools try to scan all files in /dev
757 including /dev/.udev/, find the links to /sys and end up stat()'ing sysfs files
758 million times. This takes ages on slow boxes.
760 The udevinfo attribute walk (-a) now works with giving a device node
761 name (-n) instead of a devpath (-p). The query now always works, also when
762 no database file was created by udev.
764 The built-in /etc/passwd /etc/group parser is removed, we always depend on
765 getpwnam() and getgrnam() now. One of the next releases will depend on
766 fnmatch() and may use getopt_long().
770 Bugfixes and small improvements.
774 Fix path_id for recent kernels.
780 Added support for swapping network interface names, by temporarily
781 renaming the device and wait for the target name to become free.
785 The built-in MODALIAS key and substitution is removed.
789 The binary firmware helper is replaced by the usual simple
790 shell script. Udevsend is removed from the tree.
798 Some more keys require the correct use of '==' and '=' depending
799 on the kind of operation beeing an assignment or a match. Rules
800 with invalid operations are skipped and logged to syslog. Please
801 test with udevtest if the parsing of your rules throws errors and
802 fix possibly broken rules.
806 Provide "udevsettle" to wait for all current udev events to finish.
807 It also watches the current kernel netlink queue by comparing the
808 even sequence number to make sure that there are no current pending
809 events that have not already arrived in the daemon.
813 Fix rule to skip persistent rules for removable IDE devices, which
814 also skipped optical IDE drives.
816 All *_id program are installed in /lib/udev/ by default now.
818 No binary is stripped anymore as this should be done in the
819 packaging process and not at build time.
821 libvolume_id is provided as a shared library now and vol_id is
822 linked against it. Also one of the next HAL versions will require
823 this library, and the HAL build process will also require the
824 header file to be installed. The copy of the same code in HAL will
825 be removed to have only a single copy left on the system.
829 Add persistent links for SCSI tapes. The rules file is renamed
830 to 60-persistent-storage.rules.
832 Create persistent path for usb devices. Can be used for all sorts
833 of devices that can't be distinguished by other properties like
834 multiple identical keyboards and mice connected to the same box.
836 Provide "udevtrigger" program to request events on coldplug. The
837 shell script is much too slow with thousends of devices.
841 Fix persistent disk rules to exclude removable IDE drives.
843 Warn if %e, $modalias or MODALIAS is used.
847 Fix queue export, which wasn't correct for subsequent add/remove
848 events for the same device.
852 Fix cramfs detection on big endian.
854 Make WAIT_FOR_SYSFS usable in "normal" rules and silent if the whole
859 If BUS== and SYSFS{}== have been used in the same rule, the sysfs
860 attributes were only checked at the parent device that matched the
861 by BUS requested subsystem. Fix it to also look at the device we
862 received the event for.
864 Build variable CROSS has changed to CROSS_COMPILE to match the kernel
869 Fix a bug where NAME="" would prevent RUN from beeing executed.
871 RUN="/bin/program" does not longer automatically add the subsystem
872 as the first parameter. This is from the days of /sbin/hotplug
873 which is dead now and it's just confusing to need to add a space at
874 the end of the program name to prevent this.
875 If you use rules that need the subsystem as the first parameter,
876 like the old "udev_run_hotlugd" and "udev_run_devd", add the subsystem
877 to the key like RUN+="/bin/program $env{SUBSYSTEM}".
881 The udev man page has moved to udev(7) as it does not describe a command
882 anymore. The programs udev, udevstart and udevsend are no longer installed
883 by default and must be copied manually, if they should be installed or
884 included in a package.
886 Fix a bug where "ignore_device" could run earlier collected RUN keys before
887 the ignore rule was applied.
889 More preparation for future sysfs changes. usb_id and scsi_id no longer
890 depend on a magic order of devices in the /devices chain. Specific devices
891 should be requested by their subsytem.
893 This will always find the scsi parent device without depending on a specific
895 dev = sysfs_device_get(devpath);
896 dev_usb = sysfs_device_get_parent_with_subsystem(dev, "scsi");
898 The "device" link in the current sysfs layout will be automatically
899 _resolved_ as a parent and in the new sysfs layout it will just _be_ the
900 parent in the devpath. If a device is requested by it's symlink, like all
901 class devices in the new sysfs layout will look like, it gets automatically
902 resolved and substituted with the real devpath and not the symlink path.
905 A similar logic must be applied to _all_ sysfs users, including
906 scripts, that search along parent devices in sysfs. The explicit use of
907 the "device" link must be avoided. With the future sysfs layout all
908 DEVPATH's will start with /devices/ and have a "subsystem" symlink poiting
909 back to the "class" or the "bus". The layout of the parent devices in
910 /devices is not necessarily expected to be stable across kernel releases and
911 searching for parents by their subsystem should make sysfs users tolerant
912 for changed parent chains.
916 Prepare udev to work with the experimental kernel patch, that moves
917 /sys/class devices to /sys/devices and /sys/block to /sys/class/block.
919 Clarify BUS, ID, $id usage and fix $id behavior. This prepares for
920 moving the class devices to /sys/devices.
922 Thanks again to Marco for help finding a hopefully nice compromise
923 to make %b simpler and working again.
927 Complete removal of libsysfs, replaced by simple helper functions
928 which are much simpler and a bit faster. The udev daemon operatesentirely
929 on event parameters and does not use sysfs for simple rules anymore.
930 Please report any new bugs/problems, that may be caused by this big
931 change. They will be fixed immediately.
933 The enumeration format character '%e' is deprecated and will be
934 removed sometimes from a future udev version. It never worked correctly
935 outside of udevstart, so we can't use it with the new parallel
936 coldplug. A simple enumeration is as useless as the devfs naming
937 scheme, just get rid of both if you still use it.
939 MODALIAS and $modalias is not needed and will be removed from one of
940 the next udev versions, replace it in all rules with ENV{MODALIAS} or
941 the sysfs "modalias" value.
943 Thanks a lot to Marco for all his help on finding and fixing bugs.
947 Let scsi_id request libata drive serial numbers from page 0x80.
949 Renamed etc/udev/persistent.rules to persistent-disk.rules and
950 added /dev/disk/by-name/* for device mapper device names.
952 Removed %e from the man page. It never worked reliably outside
953 of udevstart and udevstart is no longer recommended to use.
957 Symlinks are now exported to the event environment. Hopefully it's no
958 longer needed to run udevinfo from an event process, like it was
959 mentioned on the hotplug list:
960 UDEV [1134776873.702967] add@/block/sdb
963 DEVLINKS=/dev/disk/by-id/usb-IBM_Memory_Key_0218B301030027E8 /dev/disk/by-path/usb-0218B301030027E8:0:0:0
967 Fix a problem if udevsend is used as the hotplug handler and tries to use
968 syslog, which causes a "vc" event loop. 2.6.15 will make udevsend obsolete
969 and this kind of problems will hopefully go away soon.
973 All built-in logic to work around bad sysfs timing is removed with this
974 version. The need to wait for sysfs files is almost fixed with a kernel
975 version that doesn't work with this udev version anyway. Until we fix
976 the timing of the "bus" link creation, the former integrated logic should
977 be emulated by a rule placed before all other rules:
978 ACTION=="add", DEVPATH=="/devices/*", ENV{PHYSDEVBUS}=="?*", WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="bus"
980 The option "udev_db" does no longer exist. All udev state will be in
981 /$udev_root/.udev/ now, there is no longer an option to set this
983 If the init script or something else used this value, just depend on
984 this hardcoded path. But remember _all_content_ of this directory is
985 still private to udev and can change at any time.
987 Default location for rule sripts and helper programs is now: /lib/udev/.
988 Everything that is not useful on the commandline should go into this
989 directory. Some of the helpers in the extras folder are installed there
990 now. The rules need to be changed, to find the helpers there.
992 Also /lib/udev/devices is recommended as a directory where packages or
993 the user can place real device nodes, which get copied over to /dev at
994 every boot. This should replace the various solutions with custom config
997 Udevsend does no longer start the udev daemon. This must be done with
998 the init script that prepares /dev on tmpfs and creates the initial nodes,
999 before starting the daemon.
1003 Silent a too verbose error logging for the old hotplug.d/ dev.d/
1006 The copy of klibc is removed. A systemwide installed version of klibc
1007 should be used to build a klibc udev now.
1011 NAME="" will not create any nodes, but execute RUN keys. To completely
1012 ignore an event the OPTION "ignore_device" should be used.
1014 After removal of the reorder queue, events with a TIMEOUT can be executed
1015 without any queuing now.
1019 Fixed bug in udevd, if inotify is not available. We depend on netlink
1020 uevents now, kernels without that event source will not work with that
1021 version of udev anymore.
1025 The rule parsing happens now in the daemon once at startup, all udev
1026 event processes inherit the already parsed rules from the daemon.
1027 It is shipped with SUSE10.0 and reduces heavily the system load at
1028 startup. The option to save precompiled rules and let the udev process
1029 pick the them up is removed, as it's no longer needed.
1031 Kernel 2.6.15 will have symlinks at /class/input pointing to the real
1032 device. Libsysfs is changed to "translate" the requested link into the
1033 real device path, as it would happen with the hotplug event. Otherwise
1034 device removal and the udev database will not work.
1036 Using 'make STRIPCMD=' will leave the binaries unstripped for debugging
1039 A few improvements for vol_id, the filesytem probing code.
1043 Fix a stupid typo in extras/run_directory for "make install".
1045 scsi_id creates the temporary devnode now in /dev for usage with a
1046 non-writable /tmp directory.
1048 The uevent kernel socket buffer can carry app. 50.000 events now,
1049 let's see who can break this again. :)
1051 The upcoming kernel will have a new input driver core integration.
1052 Some class devices are now symlinks to the real device. libsysfs
1053 needs a fix for this to work correctly. Udevstart of older udev
1054 versions will _not_ create these devices!
1058 Fix a 'install' target in the Makefile, that prevents EXTRAS from
1063 A bunch of mostly trivial bugfixes. From now on no node name or
1064 symlink name can contain any character than plain whitelisted ascii
1065 characters or validated utf8 byte-streams. This is needed for the
1066 /dev/disk/by-label/* links, because we import untrusted data and
1067 export it to the filesystem.
1071 More bugfixes. If udevd was started from the kernel, we don't
1072 have stdin/stdout/stderr, which broke the forked tools in some
1077 Bugfix. udevstart event ordering was broken for a long time.
1078 The new run_program() uncovered it, because /dev/null was not
1079 available while we try to run external programs.
1080 Now udevstart should create it before we run anything.
1084 Minor bugfixes and some distro rules updates. If you don't have the
1085 persistent disk rules in /dev/disk/by-*/* on your distro, just
1086 grab it from here. :)
1090 We can use socket communication now to pass events from udev to
1092 RUN+="socket:/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event"
1093 will pass the whole udev event to the HAL daemon without the need
1094 for a forked helper. (See ChangeLog for udevmonitor, as an example)
1098 Mostly bugfixes and see ChangeLog.
1100 The test for the existence of an environment value should be
1102 ENV{KEY}=="*" to ENV{KEY}=="?*"
1103 because "*" will not fail anymore, if the key does not exist or
1108 Bugfixes and a few tweaks described in the ChangeLog.
1112 Mostly a Bugfix release.
1114 Added WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="<attribute>" to be able to fight against the sysfs
1115 timing with custom rules.
1119 We changed the internal rule storage format. Our large rule files took
1120 2 MB of RAM, with the change we are down to 99kB.
1122 If the device-node has been created with default name and no symlink or
1123 options are to remenber, it is not longer stored in the udevdb. HAL will
1124 need to be updated to work correctly with that change.
1126 To overrride optimization flags, OPTFLAGS may be used now.
1134 Major changes happened with this release. The goal is to take over the
1135 complete kernel-event handling and provide a more efficient way to dispatch
1136 kernel events. Replacing most of the current shell script logic and the
1137 kernel forked helper with a netlink-daemon and a rule-based event handling.
1139 o udevd listens to netlink events now. The first valid netlink event
1140 will make udevd ignore any message from udevsend that contains a
1141 SEQNUM, to avoid duplicate events. The forked events can be disabled
1143 echo "" > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
1144 For full support, the broken input-subsytem needs to be fixed, not to
1145 bypass the driver core.
1147 o /etc/dev.d/ + /etc/hotplug.d/ directory multiplexing is completely
1148 removed from udev itself and must be emulated by calling small
1149 helper binaries provided in the extras folder:
1150 make EXTRAS=extras/run_directory/
1151 will build udev_run_devd and udev_run_hotplugd, which can be called
1152 from a rule if needed:
1153 RUN+="/sbin/udev_run_hotplugd"
1154 The recommended way to handle this is to convert all the calls from
1155 the directories to explicit udev rules and get completely rid of the
1156 multiplexing. (To catch a ttyUSB event, you now no longer need to
1157 fork and exit 300 tty script instances you are not interested in, it
1158 is just one rule that matches exactly the device.)
1160 o udev handles now _all_ events not just events for class and block
1161 devices, this way it is possible to control the complete event
1162 behavior with udev rules. Especially useful for rules like:
1163 ACTION="add", DEVPATH="/devices/*", MODALIAS=="?*", RUN+="/sbin/modprobe $modalias"
1165 o As used in the modalias rule, udev supports now textual
1166 substitution placeholder along with the usual format chars. This
1167 needs to be documented, for now it's only visible in udev_rules_parse.c.
1169 o The rule keys support now more operations. This is documented in the
1170 man page. It is possible to add values to list-keys like the SYMLINK
1171 and RUN list with KEY+="value" and to clear the list by assigning KEY="".
1172 Also "final"-assignments are supported by using KEY:="value", which will
1173 prevent changing the key by any later rule.
1175 o kernel 2.6.12 has the "detached_state" attribute removed from
1176 sysfs, which was used to recognize sysfs population. We switched that
1177 to wait for the "bus" link, which is only available in kernels after 2.6.11.
1178 Running this udev version on older kernels may cause a short delay for
1181 o To provide infrastructure for persistent device naming, the id programs:
1182 scsi_id, vol_id (former udev_volume_id), and ata_id (new) are able now
1183 to export the probed data in environment key format:
1184 pim:~ # /sbin/ata_id --export /dev/hda
1185 ID_MODEL=HTS726060M9AT00
1186 ID_SERIAL=MRH401M4G6UM9B
1187 ID_REVISION=MH4OA6BA
1189 The following rules:
1190 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", IMPORT="/sbin/ata_id --export $tempnode"
1191 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", ENV{ID_SERIAL}=="?*", SYMLINK+="disk/by-id/$env{ID_MODEL}_$env{ID_SERIAL}"
1194 kay@pim:~> tree /dev/disk
1197 | |-- HTS726060M9AT00_MRH401M4G6UM9B -> ../../hda
1198 | `-- IBM-Memory_Key -> ../../sda
1200 | |-- swap -> ../../hda1
1201 | |-- date -> ../../sda1
1202 | `-- home -> ../../hda3
1204 |-- 2E08712B0870F2E7 -> ../../hda3
1205 |-- 9352cfef-7687-47bc-a2a3-34cf136f72e1 -> ../../hda1
1206 |-- E845-7A89 -> ../../sda1
1207 `-- b2a61681-3812-4f13-a4ff-920d70604299 -> ../../hda2
1209 The IMPORT= operation will import these keys in the environment and make
1210 it available for later PROGRAM= and RUN= executed programs. The keys are
1211 also stored in the udevdb and can be queried from there with one of the
1214 o A few binaries are silently added to the repository, which can be used
1215 to replay kernel events from initramfs instead of using coldplug. udevd
1216 can be instructed now to queue-up events while the stored events from
1217 initramfs are filled into the udevd-queue. This code is still under
1218 development and there is no documentation now besides the code itself.
1219 The additional binaries get compiled, but are not installed by default.
1221 o There is also a temporary fix for a performance problem where too many
1222 events happen in parallel and every event needs to parse the rules.
1223 udev can now read precompiled rules stored on disk. This is likely to be
1224 replaced by a more elegant solution in a future udev version.
1228 With kernel version 2.6.12, the sysfs file "detached_state" was removed.
1229 Fix for libsysfs not to expect this file was added.
1233 All rules are applied now, but only the first matching rule with a NAME-key
1234 will be applied. All later rules with NAME-key are completely ignored. This
1235 way system supplied symlinks or permissions gets applied to user-defined
1239 Please check your rules setup, if you may need to add OPTIONS="last_rule"
1240 to some rules, to keep the old behavior.
1242 The rules are read on "remove"-events too. That makes is possible to match
1243 with keys that are available on remove (KERNEL, SUBSYSTEM, ID, ENV, ...) to
1244 instruct udev to ignore an event (OPTIONS="ignore_device").
1245 The new ACTION-key may be used to let a rule act only at a "remove"-event.
1247 The new RUN-key supports rule-based execution of programs after device-node
1248 handling. This is meant as a general replacement for the dev.d/-directories
1249 to give fine grained control over the execution of programs.
1251 The %s{}-sysfs format char replacement values are searched at any of the
1252 devices in the device chain now, not only at the class-device.
1254 We support log priority levels now. The value udev_log in udev.conf is used
1255 to determine what is printed to syslog. This makes it possible to
1256 run a version with compiled-in debug messages in a production environment
1257 which is sometimes needed to find a bug.
1258 It is still possible to supress the inclusion of _any_ syslog usage with
1259 USE_LOG=false to create the smallest possible binaries if needed.
1260 The configured udev_log value can be overridden with the environment variable
1265 Possible use of a system-wide klibc:
1266 make USE_KLIBC=true KLCC=/usr/bin/klcc all
1267 will link against an external klibc and our own version will be ignored.
1271 We support an unlimited count of symlinks now.
1273 If USE_STATIC=true is passed to a glibc build, we link statically and use
1274 a built-in userdb parser to resolve user and group names.
1276 The PLACE= key is gone. It can be replaced by an ID= for a long time, because
1277 we walk up the chain of physical devices to find a match.
1279 The KEY="<value>" format supports '=', '==', '!=,' , '+=' now. This makes it
1280 easy to skip certain attribute matches without composing rules with weird
1281 character class negations like:
1282 KERNEL="[!s][!c][!d]*"
1283 this can now be replaced with:
1285 The current simple '=' is still supported, and should work as it does today,
1286 but existing rules should be converted if possible, to be better readable.
1288 We have new ENV{}== key now, to match against a maximum of 5 environment
1291 udevstart is its own binary again, because we don't need co carry this araound
1292 with every forked event.