1 Frequently Asked Questions about udev
4 Q: What's this udev thing, and what is it trying to do?
5 A: Read the OLS 2003 paper about udev, available in the docs/ directory,
7 <http://www.kroah.com/linux/talks/ols_2003_udev_paper/Reprint-Kroah-Hartman-OLS2003.pdf>
8 There is also a udev presentation given at OLS 2003 available at:
9 <http://www.kroah.com/linux/talks/ols_2003_udev_talk/>
11 Q: How is udev related to devfs?
12 A: udev works entirely in userspace, using /sbin/hotplug calls that the
13 kernel makes whenever a device is added or removed from the kernel. All
14 naming policy, and permission control is done in userspace. devfs
15 operated from within the kernel.
17 Q: Why was devfs marked OBSOLETE if udev is not finished yet?
18 A: To quote Al Viro (Linux VFS kernel maintainer):
19 - it was determined that the same thing could be done in userspace
20 - devfs had been shoved into the tree in hope that its quality will
22 - devfs was found to have fixable and unfixable bugs
23 - the former had stayed around for many months with maintainer
24 claiming that everything works fine
25 - the latter had stayed, period.
26 - the devfs maintainer/author disappeared and stoped maintaining
29 Q: But udev will not automatically load a driver if a /dev node is opened
30 when it is not present like devfs will do.
31 A: If you really require this functionality, then use devfs. It is still
32 present in the kernel.
34 Q: But wait, I really want udev to automatically load drivers when they
35 are not present but the device node is opened. It's the only reason I
36 like using devfs. Please make udev do this.
37 A: No. udev is for managing /dev, not loading kernel drivers.
39 Q: Oh come on, pretty please. It can't be that hard to do.
40 A: Such a functionality isn't needed on a properly configured system. All
41 devices present on the system should generate hotplug events, loading
42 the appropriate driver, and udev will notice and create the
43 appropriate device node. If you don't want to keep all drivers for your
44 hardware in memory, then use something else to manage your modules
45 (scripts, modules.conf, etc.) This is not a task for udev.
47 Q: But I love that feature of devfs, please?
48 A: The devfs approach caused a lot of spurious modprobe attempts as
49 programs probed to see if devices were present or not. Every probe
50 attempt created a process to run modprobe, almost all of which were
53 Q: I really like the devfs naming scheme, will udev do that?
54 A: Yes, udev can create /dev nodes using the devfs naming policy. A
55 configuration file needs to be created to map the kernel default names
56 to the devfs names. See the initial udev.conf.devfs file in the udev
57 release. It is the start of such a configuration file. If there are
58 any things missing, please let the udev authors know.
60 Q: What kinds of devices does udev create nodes for?
61 A: All devices that are shown in sysfs will work with udev. If more
62 support is added for devices to the kernel, udev will automatically
63 start working for them. All block devices are currently supported, and
64 almost all major char devices are supported. Kernel developers are
65 working on adding support for all char devices at this time. See the
66 linux-kernel mailing list for patches and status of these patches.
68 Q: Will udev remove the limit on the number of anonymous devices?
69 A: udev is entirely in userspace. If the kernel supports a greater number
70 of anonymous devices, udev will support it.
72 Q: Will udev support symlinks?
73 A: Yes, It now does. Multiple symlinks per device node too.
75 Q: How will udev support changes to device permissions?
76 A: On shutdown, udev will save the state of existing device permissions to
77 its database, and then used the on the next boot time.
79 Q: How will udev handle the /dev filesystem?
80 A: /dev can be a ramfs, or a backing filesystem. udev does not care what
81 kind of filesystem it runs on.
83 Q: How will udev handle devices found before init runs?
84 A: udev will be placed in initramfs and run for every device that is found.
85 Work to get this implemented is still underway.
87 Q: I have other questions about udev, where do I ask them?
88 A: The linux-hotplug-devel mailing list is the proper place for it. The
89 address for it is linux-hotplug-devel@lists.sourceforge.net
90 Information on joining can be found at
91 <https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/linux-hotplug-devel>
92 Archives of the mailing list can be found at:
93 <http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-hotplug-devel>