Trivial by Foreign Unaffected and the definition of $\pends$
}
+It might seem that bare git commits might also be psuedo-merges ---
+e.g., merges made directly with {\tt git merge -s ours}. However, by
+our definition of $\has$, these are considered simply as normal merges
+(\autoref{commit-merge}).
+
\subsection{No Replay}
Ingredients Prevent Replay applies: