.\" along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
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-.\" $Id$
-.\"
.TH AUTHBIND 1 "30th August 1998" "Debian Project" "Debian Linux manual"
.SH NAME
authbind \- bind sockets to privileged ports without root
(any protocol) or failing that
.BI /etc/authbind/byaddr/ addr : port
(IPv4 only)
-is tested, in the same manner as above. (Here
+is tested, in the same manner as above. Here
.I addr
is as from
-.BR inet_ntop .)
+.BR inet_ntop ,
+and
+.I port
+is the (local) TCP or UDP port number, expressed as an unsigned
+integer in the minimal non-zero number of digits.
+.PP
+Thirdly, for IPv6 only: since the textual representation from
+.B inet_ntop
+is complicated to predict, a variant of
+.I addr
+is also tested which does not use the double colon abbreviation:
+each 16-byte chunk expressed in the minimal nonzero number
+of hex digits (i.e. with leading zeroes removed), the chunks
+being separated by colons as is conventional.
.PP
-Thirdly, if the question is still unresolved, the file
+Fourthly, if the question is still unresolved, the file
.BI /etc/authbind/byuid/ uid
will be opened and read. If the file does not exist then the binding
is not authorised and
.RI ( "Operation not permitted" ", or " "Not owner" ).
If the file does exist it will be searched for a line of the form
.nf
-.IR addrmin [\fB\-\fR addrmax ]\fB,\fR portmin \fB\-\fR portmax
+.IR addrmin [\fB\-\fR addrmax ]\fB,\fR portmin [\fB\-\fR portmax ]
+.IR addr [\fB/\fR length ]\fB,\fR portmin [\fB\-\fR portmax ]
.IB addr4 / length : portmin , portmax
.fi
matching the request.
The first form requires that the address lies in the
relevant range (inclusive at both ends).
-The second form requires that the initial
+The second and third forms require that the initial
.I length
bits of
.I addr
match those in the proposed
.B bind
-call and is only available for IPv4.
-Addresses can
-be in any form acceptable to inet_pton. In both cases
+call. The third form is only available for IPv4 since IPv6 addresses
+contain colons.
+Addresses in the byuid file can
+be in any form acceptable to inet_pton. In all cases
the proposed port number must lie is in the inclusive range
specified. If such a line is found then the binding is authorised.
Otherwise it is not, and
.B ENOENT
.RI ( "No such file or directory" ).
.PP
-In each case above,
-.TP
-.I port
-is the (local) TCP or UDP port number, expressed as an unsigned
-integer in the minimal non-zero number of digits, and
-.PP
If a read error occurs, or the directory
.B /etc/authbind
cannot be accessed, then not only will
fail, but an error message will be printed to stderr. Unrecognised
lines in
.BI /etc/authbind/byuid/ uid
-files are silently ignored (as are lines whose
-.I addr4
+files are silently ignored, as are lines whose
+.I addr
has non-zero bits more than
.I length
-from the top) or where
+from the top or where some
.I min
is larger than
.IR max .
-.PP
+.SH EXAMPLE
+So for example an attempt by uid 432
+to bind to port 80 of address [2620:106:e002:f00f::21]
+would result in authbind calling
+.I access(2)
+on, in order,
+.RS
+.B /etc/authbind/byport/80
+.br
+.B /etc/authbind/byaddr/2620:106:e002:f00f::21,80
+.br
+.B /etc/authbind/byaddr/2620:106:e002:f00f:0:0:0:21,80
+.RE
+If none of these files exist, authbind will read
+.RS
+.B /etc/authbind/byuid/432
+.RE
+and search for a line to permit
+the relevant access; examples of lines which would do so are:
+.RS
+.B 2620:106:e002:f00f::21,80
+.br
+.B ::/0,80
+.RE
+.SH PORTS 512-1023
Authorising binding to ports from 512 to 1023 inclusive is
not recommended. Some protocols (including some versions of NFS)
authorise clients by seeing that they are using a port number in this
range. So by authorising a program to be a server for such a port,
you are also authorising it to impersonate the whole host for those
-protocols. To make sure that this isn't done by accident,
+protocols.
+
+To make sure that this isn't done by accident,
if the port number requested is in the range 512-1023, authbind
will expect the permission files to have an additional
.B !
.SH AUTHOR
.B authbind
and this manpage were written by Ian Jackson. They are
-Copyright (C)1998
+Copyright (C)1998,2012
by him and released under the GNU General Public Licence; there is NO
WARRANTY. See
.B /usr/doc/authbind/copyright
~ian / authbind.git / blobdiff