fds: Make many fds nonblocking

Introduce iswouldblock to cope with POSIX not specifying which of
EAGAIN or EWOULDBLOCK you get).  In various subsystems, make more fds
nonblocking and handle errors appropriately.  Specifically:

* Logging self-pipe reading end.
* Signal self-pipe reading end.
* SLIP both ends.  Fixing the writing end involves breaking out
  a new function slip_write.
* tun's network interface fd.

In various of these we add code to handle EINTR, too.

Signed-off-by: Ian Jackson <ijackson@chiark.greenend.org.uk>