> I assume that is for cardholder-present transactions then - > because for mail > order (or web order) they are damned quick to deduct the amount of the > forged payment from our next month's transactions - even for a £5-50 data > lead.... Yep -- they force the risk of cardholder-not-present transactions onto merchants: http://elj.warwick.ac.uk/jilt/00-3/bohm.html